CAUSE & EFFECTS OF DROP-OUTS AT PRIMARY LEVEL IN

TEHSIL TAKHT BHAI

By:
Tufail Ahmad

Programme B.Ed
Roll No. 6305
Gandhara College of Education, Takht Bhai
Affiliated with
Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan
Faculty of Education Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan
2010
Introduction:
The high dropout rate at primary level in Pakistan suggests that there are some problems
that hinder the process of learning. The goals of this study will be to determine what is standard
primary education and why do we need it; to examine the relationships between children’s needs
and available resources; to consider the problems to the students, and causes that divert them
from education at this level e.g. corporal punishment, pair groups, inappropriate environment,
poverty, poor methodology, incorrect use of A.V. Aids etc; and finally through intervention, to
evaluate the impact of different factors which may affect the process of learning at this level.
This report is about a lot of students of our nation who do not complete primary school
education, about the fact that this situation has gotten worse in most parts of the country
especially in Khyber PukhtoonKhwa during the last decade.
The report identifies several approaches to increasing student retention at school.
Outcomes have been analyzed using a variety of parallel and inconsistent analysis of various
methods in local schools at Takht Bhai. The study results are estimated to make a significant
contribution to the context field of education by providing an accurate evaluation of the impact
of different techniques and factors on key learning outcomes in primary education settings which
may help in solving the problem of dropouts at this level.
Statement of the Problem:
The statement of the problem is “The Causes & Effects of Dropouts at primary level in
Tehsil Takht Bhai”
Significance of the Study:
This study has an immense importance in finding out the effects of dropouts at primary
level in Tehsil Takht Bhai. The study has the following impacts;
1) Why do students leave their schools at an early level?
2) What are the main reasons behind their early drop out from the basic education?
3) What extent does this has an impact on the literacy rate of Pakistan?
Objectives of the Study:
The objectives of this study were:

1. To determine and analyze the causes that force the students to drop-out at primary

level in tehsil Takht Bhai.

 2. To find out the effects of drop-out on universal primary education in this area.

3. To pinpoint the possible solutions of this problem of increasing drop-outs at primary

level.

4. To provide recommendations for actions and interventions to minimize this

phenomena; and

5. To contribute to the capacity building efforts of the concerned actors in the field of

education by sharing knowledge and experience by carrying out applied research in

the field of education.

Hypotheses of the Study

The hypotheses of this study were:

1. Poverty is to be considered the root cause of high dropout rate at primary level in

Pakistan.

2. Corporal Punishment has played a major role in students’ leaving the primary

schools.

3. Lack of basic facilities and activity less curriculum at primary level also compel

students to leave their schools.

Procedure of the Study

The following methodology was therefore adopted to help the different sectors to resolve

this problem.

Population of the study

This study was conducted in male primary schools in Takht Bhai city. The estimated

number of male students in Takht Bhai was 40, 000.

Sample of the Study

 The group of male students taken for study was the students studying in the primary

classes (Nursery to Five). Only Government Primary Schools were under study.

Sample Size

Ten (10) government primary schools and 30 dropped out students i.e. 10% of the target

population were randomly selected as a sample of the study.

Research Instruments/ Tools for Data Collection

This study was a qualitative and quantitative analysis based on two kinds of information:

i) Published or secondary information

ii) Primary data (original or first-hand account of events or experiences)

This study was structured in a way that first of all, the problem in hand was described and

then its role in education was also mentioned in an appropriate method. In next step materials

from different sources were compiled to help in correct identification and knowledge of the

problem.

The data is accumulated from different primary schools in Takht Bhai through survey with the
help of a social organization Youth Empowerment Society. Questionnaires are prepared and
filled in this survey through physical visits to these schools and questions are asked from the
students of the concerned schools and reasons are investigated from the students who dropped
out from their schools.