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SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

COURSE DELIVERY PLAN - THEORY Page 1 of 10

LP: Sub Code

Department of Biotechnology
BT 6504
B.E/ B.Tech /M.E/M.Tech : Biotechnology Regulation: 2013 Rev. No: 01
PG Specialisation : NA Date: 13/06/2017
Sub. Code / Sub. Name : BT6504 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Unit :I

Unit Syllabus: CHEMISTRY OF NUCLEIC ACIDS 9

Introduction to nucleic acids: Nucleic acids as genetic material, Structure and physicochemical properties of elements in
DNA and RNA, Biological significance of differences in DNA and RNA. Primary structure of DNA: Chemical and
structural qualities of 3’,5’-Phosphodiester bond. Secondary Structure of DNA: Watson & Crick model, Chargaff’s rule, X–
ray diffraction analysis of DNA, Forces stabilizes DNA structure, Conformational variants of double helical DNA, Hogsteen
base pairing, Triple helix, Quadruple helix, Reversible denaturation and hyperchromic effect. Tertiary structure of DNA:
DNA supercoiling.
Objective: The objective of this unit is to impart the students the basic knowledge of nucleic acids, structure and
mechanisms of both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Session
Topics to be covered Ref Teaching Aids
No *

Introduction to nucleic acids:

Nucleic acids as genetic material TB1-CH-3, 4, 5-

(61-63, 89-90, 117-
Structure and physicochemical properties of elements in DNA and 119, 123-124)
RNA
 Physical & chemical structure of DNA and RNA
 Anti parallel Orientation of the Two Strands of DNA
1.  Forms of the DNA Helix TB1-CH-4-(79-85,
 The Size of DNA Molecules 117-119) LCD & BB
 Fragility of DNA Molecules
 The Factors That Determine the Structure Of DNA
 Denaturation and Melting Curves
 Evidence for hydrogen bond in DNA
 Evidence for hydrophobic interactions in DNA
 Base stacking
 Depolymerization of nucleic acid

Biological significance of differences in DNA and RNA Class notes

Primary structure of DNA:

2. Chemical and structural qualities of 3’,5’-Phosphodiester bond.
TB1-CH-3-(60-63) LCD & BB
 Purine and pyrimidine bases
 Polysaccharides
Secondary Structure of DNA:
Watson & Crick model
3.  Physical & chemical structure of DNA TB1-CH-4-(79-85)
 Anti parallel Orientation of the Two Strands of DNA LCD & BB
 Variation of Base Composition of the DNA of Different
Organisms
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COURSE DELIVERY PLAN - THEORY Page 2 of 10

4. Class notes
Chargaff’s rule LCD & BB

X–ray diffraction analysis of DNA

 Base-pairing and the DNA Double Helix TB1-CH-4-(79-81)
 Forms of the DNA Helix
5.
Forces stabilizes DNA structure LCD & BB
 Denaturation and Melting Curves TB1-CH-3, 4-(64-
 Evidence for hydrogen bond in DNA 67, 87-92)
 Evidence for hydrophobic interactions in DNA
 Base stacking

Conformational variants of double helical DNA

TB1-CH-9-(224-
6.  The Geometry of DNA Replication
228) LCD & BB
 Forms of the DNA Helix

Hogsteen base pairing

7. Class notes
Triple helix LCD & BB

Quadruple helix

Reversible denaturation
 Requirements for Renaturation TB1-CH-4-(96-
 Mechanism of Renaturation 103)

8. hyperchromic effect LCD & BB

 Denaturation and Melting Curves
 Evidence for hydrogen bond in DNA
TB1-CH-4-(86)
 Evidence for hydrophobic interactions in DNA
 Base stacking

Terti Tertiary structure of DNA: DNA supercoiling

9. TB1-CH-9-(228-
 Geometry of Replication ( Ѳ Replication) LCD & BB
233)
 Mechanism and action of DNA Gyrase

Content beyond syllabus covered (if any):

Mendelian genetics, Linkage, Crossing over

* Session duration: 50 minutes

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COURSE DELIVERY PLAN - THEORY Page 3 of 10

Sub. Code / Sub. Name: BT6504 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Unit : II

Unit Syllabus: DNA REPLICATION & REPAIR 9

Overview of Central dogma. Organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes. DNA replication: Meselson & Stahl
experiment, bi–directional DNA replication, Okazaki fragments, Proteomics of DNA replication, Fidelity of DNA
replication, Inhibitors of DNA replication, Overview of differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication, Telomere
replication in eukaryotes. D-loop and rolling circle mode of replication. Mutagens, DNA mutations and their mechanism,
various types of repair mechanisms.
Objective: The objective of this unit is to impart the students the deep knowledge on various replication processes in
prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Session
Topics to be covered Ref Teaching Aids
No *
TB1-CH-8-(207-
Overview of Central dogma 208)
1. LCD & BB
Organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes TB1-CH-7-(178-
180, 181-188)
DNA replication:
2. Meselson & Stahl experiment TB1-CH-9-(226- LCD & BB
227)

TB1-CH-9-(262-
Bi–directional DNA replication 264)
3. LCD & BB
Okazaki fragments TB1-CH-9-(244-
245, 248-250)
TB1-CH-9-(223-
243)
Proteomics of DNA replication
TB1-CH-9-(233-
4. Fidelity of DNA replication 243) LCD & BB

Inhibitors of DNA replication TB1-CH-9-(249,

253)
Overview of differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA Class notes
5. LCD & BB
replication
TB1-CH-4, 6, 7,
Telomere replication in eukaryotes
6. 19 -(106, 269, LCD & BB
 Centromeres and Telomeres 186-188, 640,)
TB1-CH-9-(258-
7. D-loop and rolling circle mode of replication 260, 260-262) LCD & BB
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COURSE DELIVERY PLAN - THEORY Page 4 of 10

Mutagens, DNA mutations and their mechanism

 Some commonly used chemical mutagens and their
mechanisms of actions: Induced mutations:
 Some commonly used chemical mutagens and their
mechanisms of actions TB1-CH-10-
8.  Common defects in DNA and their origin (297-300) LCD & BB
 Ultraviolet radiation
 Mutagenesis by insertion of long segments of DNA
(Transposable Elements)
 Mutator gene
 Reversion

Various types of repair mechanisms

 Alteration in DNA molecules
 Biological indication of repair Photoreactivation
TB1-CH-10-
 Identification of thymidine dimmers
9. (277-292) LCD & BB
 Excision repair mechanism
 Recombination repair
 SOS repair

Content beyond syllabus covered (if any):

Geometry of replication, θ replication and Enzymology of replication

* Session duration: 50 mins

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COURSE DELIVERY PLAN - THEORY Page 5 of 10

Sub. Code / Sub. Name: BT6504 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Unit : III

Unit Syllabus: TRANSCRIPTION 9

Structure and function of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA. Characteristics of promoter and enhancer sequences. RNA synthesis:
Initiation, elongation and termination of RNA synthesis, Proteins of RNA synthesis, Fidelity of RNA synthesis, Inhibitors of
transcription, Differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. Basic concepts in RNA world: Ribozymes, RNA
processing: 5’-Capping, Splicing-Alternative splicing, Poly ‘A’ tail addition and base modification.

Objective: The objective of this unit is to impart the students the deep knowledge on transcription process and protein
synthesis of both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Session
Topics to be covered Ref Teaching Aids
No *
Structure and function of
mRNA TB1-CH-12-
 The Lifetime of Prokaryotic mRNA (334-336
1. LCD & BB
rRNA 336-341

tRNA 379)
 The clover structure of tRNA
TB1-CH-12-
2. Characteristics of promoter and enhancer sequences (321-325, 349- LCD & BB
342)

RNA synthesis: Initiation, elongation and termination of RNA

synthesis
Transcription in prokaryote
 Elements of transcription in prokaryotes
 Transcription unit
 Bacterial RNA polymerase
 The core enzyme
 Sigma factor TB1-CH-12-
3.  Generalized model of transcription (321-333) LCD& BB
 Rho independent terminators
 Rho- dependent termination

Transcription in Eukaryote
 RNA polymerases:
 Transcription factors
 Eukaryotic promoter
 Enhancer
Proteins of RNA synthesis TB1-CH-12-
 Auxiliary proteins (325-327)
4. LCD & BB
Fidelity of RNA synthesis TB1-CH-12-
(346-351)

Internet
5. Inhibitors of transcription material LCD & BB
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COURSE DELIVERY PLAN - THEORY Page 6 of 10

Internet
6. Differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription material LCD & BB

Basic concepts in RNA world: Internet

Ribozymes material
 RNAs role as a ribozyme
 Examples of Ribozymes in bacterial cells and viruses
7. LCD & BB
 Riboswitches
RNA processing: 5’-Capping TB1-CH-12-
Structure of 3’ and 5’ termini of Eukaryotic mRNA molecules caps (352-355)
and tails

TB1-CH-12-
8. Splicing-Alternative splicing (355-363) LCD & BB

TB1-CH-12-
Poly ‘A’ tail addition and base modification.
9. (353-355) LCD & BB

Content beyond syllabus covered (if any):

Transcription factors of prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

* Session duration: 50 mins

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COURSE DELIVERY PLAN - THEORY Page 7 of 10

Sub. Code / Sub. Name: BT6504 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Unit : IV

Unit Syllabus: TRANSLATION 9

Introduction to Genetic code: Elucidation of genetic code, Codon degeneracy, Wobble hypothesis and its importance,
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. Steps in translation: Initiation, Elongation and termination of protein synthesis.
Inhibitors of protein synthesis. Post- translational modifications and its importance.

Objective: The objective of this unit is to impart the students the knowledge on genetic codon, translation and post
translational modifications in prokaryote and eukaryotes.

Session
Topics to be covered Ref Teaching Aids
No *
Introduction to Genetic code: TB1-CH-12,
1. 13- (355-377) LCD & BB
Elucidation of genetic code
TB1-CH-13-
2. Codon degeneracy (377-387) LCD & BB

TB1-CH-13-
Wobble hypothesis
3. (388-391) LCD & BB
Redundancy as a Response of one Anticodon to Several Codons

TB1-CH-13-
4. Importance of Wobble hypothesis (388-391) LCD & BB

TB1-CH-14-
Prokaryotic ribosomes
5. (415-419) LCD & BB

Eukaryotic ribosomes TB1-CH-14-

6. (415-419) LCD & BB
 Structure of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic ribosomes
TB1-CH-14-
Steps in translation: Initiation, Elongation and termination of protein
7. (425-435) LCD & BB
synthesis

Inhibitors of protein synthesis

TB1-CH-14-
 Inhibitors and modifiers of protein synthesis
8. (441-445) LCD & BB
 Antibiotics that Affect Protein Synthesis
 Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes
TB1-CH-14-
Post- translational modifications and its importance
9. (436-438) LCD & BB
 Complex translational units
Content beyond syllabus covered (if any):
Role of ribosome in translation and Enzymology of translation

* Session duration: 50 mins

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COURSE DELIVERY PLAN - THEORY Page 8 of 10

Sub. Code / Sub. Name: BT6504 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Unit : V

Unit Syllabus: REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION 9

Organization of genes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes, Hierarchical levels of gene regulation, Prokaryotic gene
regulation –lac and trp operon,
Objective: The objective of this unit is to impart the students the knowledge on gene regulation, various Operon concepts
using life cycle of Bacteriophages.
Session
Topics to be covered Ref Teaching Aids
No *
TB1-CH-7-
1. Organization of genes (178-188) LCD & BB

TB1-CH-8-
2. Organization of genes in prokaryotic chromosomes (178-188) LCD & BB

TB1-CH-8-
3. Organization of eukaryotic chromosomes (178-188) LCD & BB
TB1-CH-15-
4. Hierarchical levels of gene regulation I (453-456) LCD & BB
TB1-CH-16-
5. Hierarchical levels of gene regulation II (501-504) LCD & BB

TB1-CH-15-
6. Prokaryotic gene regulation –lac operon (456-460) LCD & BB

Prokaryotic gene regulation –trp operon TB1-CH-15-

7.  The element of trp operon (479-481) LCD & BB
 The trp repressor-operator system

Regulation of gene expression

Lytic cycle
 Adsorption of the phage to specific receptors on the
bacterial surface
 Passage of the DNA from the phage through the
bacterial cell wall TB1-CH-17-
8.  Production of phage nucleic acid and proteins. (579-584) LCD & BB
 Morphogenesis
 Release of newly synthesized phage
 The Lysogenic cycle
 Outline of the lysogenic life cycle
General Properties of Lysogens and Lysogenization

Regulation of gene expression with reference to λ phage TB1-CH-17-

9. (579-584) LCD & BB
life cycle
Content beyond syllabus covered (if any):
Overview of other Operon concepts

* Session duration: 50 mins

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COURSE DELIVERY PLAN - THEORY Page 9 of 10

Sub Code / Sub Name: BT6504 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

OUTCOMES:
By the end of this course, students should be able to:
 To understand the basics of nucleic acids and proteins
 To study the details of bacterial molecular mechanism
 To apply the molecular biology of microorganisms in the Research work
.

REFERENCES:

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Friefelder, David. “Molecular Biology” Narosa Publications, 1999.
2. Weaver, Robert F. “Molecular Biology” 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill,2003.
3. Karp, Gerald “Cell & Molecular Biology”: Concepts & Experiments” 4th Edition, John Wiley, 2005.
4. Friefelder, David & George M. Malacinski “Essentials of Molecular Biology” 2nd Edn, Panima Publishing, 1993.
5. Lewin’s GENES XI, Published by Jones & Bartlett Learning; 11 edition (January 15, 2013).

REFERENCES:
1. Tropp, Burton E. “ Molecular Biology: Genes to Proteins”. 3rd Edition. Jones and Bartlett, 2008.
2. Glick , B.R. and J.J. Pasternak. “Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA” 4th
Edition. ASM, 2010.

Prepared by Approved by

Signature

Name Prof. Sulochana Somasundaram Prof. E.Nakkeeran

Designation Professor Professor & Head

Date 13/06/2017 13/06/2017

Remarks *:

This lesson plan is followed for the subsequent year.

Remarks *:This lesson plan will be followed in the subsequent year

* If the same lesson plan is followed in the subsequent semester/year it should be mentioned and signed
by the Faculty and the HOD
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COURSE DELIVERY PLAN - THEORY Page 10 of 10

Department of Biotechnology
CO: Sub Code
B.E/B.Tech/M.E/M.Tech : B.Tech - Biotechnology BT6504
Regulation : 2013 Rev. No: 01
PG Specialisation : NA
Date:
Sub. Code / Sub. Name : BT6504 / Molecular Biology
13/06/2017

Module Coordinator

CO Statements RBT*
Level
CO-1 To understand the concepts of nucleic acids and proteins 2
CO-2 To study the details of Bacterial molecular mechanism 3
CO-3 To apply the molecular biology of microorganisms in the Research work 3

* Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy

Mapping CO – PO - PSO:

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO1 PO1 PO1 PSO-1 PSO-2
0 1 2
CO1 A B C B B C B C
A
CO2 B A A A B A B A B A A B
A
CO3 A B A B A B A A A B A B A

A – Strong ; B – Moderate; C - weak

Course Requirements
1. Scientific Calculator
2. Interest Tables
Assessment Methods
1. Assignment 1 + CAT 1
2. Assignment 2 + CAT 2 Internals - 20 Marks
3. Assignment 3 + CAT 3
4. Attendance (Not applicable for R2013)
5. End semester exam - 80 Marks

Signature of Faculty / Course Signature of Module Coordinator

Coordinator