Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lecture 13
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Classification of trips
By trip purposes
Trips to work
Tips to school (educational trips)
Business trips (less routine trips)
Shopping trips
Social and recreational trips
Home trips
Any other trips
By time of day
Peak or off-peak on a day
Weekdays or holidays
By person type
Income level
Car ownership
Household size and structure
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Survey types (1)
Linked trip (or just “Trip”) based questionnaire survey
Person trip survey (very important for demand forecasting)
Railways traveler’s survey
Intercity net travel survey
National census
Unlinked trip based surveys
By ticket sales
By traffic counter
Trip based survey
Trips on a certain day
Trips on a usual day (e.g. national census)
Trips in a certain week “Diary survey”
Activity based survey
Trip and activity at the destination
Trip decision and activities are closely related (Trip purpose or activity)
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Survey types (2)
Revealed preference (RP)
Revealed trips (already done)
Stated preference (SP)
Ask respondents choice under certain hypothetical situations
Demand forecast for non existed alternative
Aggregate type
Traffic counter
Tickets, smart cards
Survey feasibility
Cost and budget
Survey technology
Data availability
Data reliability 7
Person trip survey
Most fundamental transportation survey
Questionnaire of individual’s trips
Asking personal attributes and trip behaviors
Survey items
Personal attributes
Each trip attributes (whole trips in a certain day)
Origin, destination, purpose, transfer point, time and cost, distance
Additional surveys
Preference survey
Cordon line survey, screen line survey (counting survey)
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Study Area
The planner must clearly define the exact area to be
considered for study purpose.
Generally include all the developed land plus the
undeveloped land that the urban area will comprise in
next 20 to 30 years
Boundary is demarcated by the cordon line
In addition to future growth, the cordon line
establishment might take into account political
jurisdictions, and census area boundaries.
The cordon line should intersect minimum roads to save
on subsequent interview requirements
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Study Area (Zoning of study area for forecasting)
Study area is divided into analysis units to enable
planner to link information about activities, travel, and
transportation to physical locations in the study area.
Analysis units are known as ZONES.
Vary in size depending on the density or nature of urban
development
In CBD, zones may be as small as a single block, and in the
undeveloped area they may be as large as 10 or more sq-mile.
An area with 1 million people might have 600 to 800 zones, and
an area with 200,000 people might have 150 to 200 zones.
Zones attempt to bound homogenous urban activities
Important characteristics is their compatibility with the
transportation network to be used. As a rule, the road
network should form the boundaries of the zones.
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Study Area (Zoning of study area for forecasting)
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Design of Sampling Strategy (DSS)
DSS associated with the definition of experimental
hypothesis, and of the variables of and involves.
Definition of the sampling unites whose behaviors are to be
logged
Individual actors (citizens, travelers, vehicles, or organizations, etc.)
Individual locations (junction, road segment, nodes, etc.)
Target population
Which sample units are in survey – depends on data requirements
Related to cars, motorcycles or transit users and at what time
Sampling frame
Register of the target population which defines all the sampling units within
the target population and which provides the framework for the sampling
process.
May exist in substantial form (e.g. list of residents in a particular zone or a
list of registration plates of cars seen at a particular site) or in an abstract
way (e.g. list of pedestrians crossing a particular road segment during the
survey time)
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Sampling Methods
Depends on the objectives of survey and perhaps on the
survey technique.
Random sampling
Each unit has an equal chance to be selected.
Use of random sampling is usually restricted to off-line surveys
such as household interviews.
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Sampling Methods
Stratified Sampling
Division of the population into groups on the basis of some
characteristics and applying a different sampling rate in each
group.
Adequate representation of each society group.
Cluster Sampling
Selecting groups of adjacent units (e.g. a group of vehicles
following one another in a traffic stream )
Results in increased survey efficiency, offers the possibility of
studying interactions between adjacent units and can provide an
enriched sample in areas of particular interest.
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Types of Samples
Probability (Random) Samples
Systematic random sample
Stratified random sample
Cluster sample
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Types of Samples (Stratified sampling)
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Types of Samples (Cluster sampling)
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Value of Time for Lahore City
Estimation of VOT by WTP
Time of Value Sample
Mode
(Rs. /Min.) Size
(1) Car 2.49 2,420
(2) Rickshaw 1.63 2,464
(3) Qinggi 1.18 468
(4) Wagon 1.50 648
(5) Bus 1.38 1,488
(6) AC Bus 1.31 432