RESEARCH ARTICLE ON FACEBOOK, WHATSAPP, TWITTER AND

INSTAGRAM

SUBMITTED BY

ZUBAIR BASHIR(FA18-BSCS-064)

SUBMITTED TO

SIR BURHAN
 DATE:15/04/19
FACEBOOK
Facebook was created in 2004 by Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg. The website was intended
to be an online version of the University's printed Facebook, a directory of new students. At
that time, membership to the website was limited to Harvard students only. In a month's time,
Facebook grew to include other Ivy League students as well, and within a year had over 1
million users. By the end of 2005, Facebook expanded to include, first, a network of 800
colleges and universities, then high schools, and then international students. In time for the fall
semester of 2006, Facebook began accepting membership of anyone over the age of
13. According to Facebook's Press Room, the social networking site currently has over 90
million active users.

Facebook is a privately owned company headquartered in Palo Alto, California. Mark

Zuckerberg, age 24 and a Harvard drop-out, is ranked 785 in Forbes Magazine's list of the
world's billionaires, with a net worth of approximately $1.5 billion.

Uses and Users of Facebook

Facebook was designed for college students and its primary users are still students. The basic
no-frills profile in Facebook includes the following:
  A place for a profile picture
 Contact information and "About You" space
 The Wall-- a place where friends can publicly post comments for you (a digital bulletin
board)
 Status update-- where you can tell your friends how you are or what you are doing
 News Feed-- regularly updated information about your friends-- groups they've joined,
applications or friends they have added, changes to their profiles
 A space for uploading photos and videos

But Facebook, like many social software sites, is customizable and there is no end to the
number of applications you can add to your Facebook account. Applications are additional
tools and features some are created by Facebook, but many more have been created by third
party developers.

In February 2004 Mr Zuckerberg launched "The facebook", as it was originally known; the name
taken from the sheets of paper distributed to freshmen, profiling students and staff. Within 24
hours, 1,200 Harvard students had signed up, and after one month, over half of the
undergraduate population had a profile.

The network was promptly extended to other Boston universities, the Ivy League and
eventually all US universities. It became Facebook.com in August 2005 after the address was
purchased for $200,000. US high schools could sign up from September 2005, then it began to
spread worldwide, reaching UK universities the following month.

As of September 2006, the network was extended beyond educational institutions to anyone
with a registered email address. The site remains free to join, and makes a profit through
advertising revenue. Yahoo and Google are among companies which have expressed interest in
a buy-out, with rumoured figures of around $2bn (£975m) being discussed. Mr Zuckerberg has
so far refused to sell.

The site's features have continued to develop during 2007. Users can now give gifts to friends,
post free classified advertisements and even develop their own applications - graffiti and
Scrabble are particularly popular.

This month the company announced that the number of registered users had reached 30
million, making it the largest social-networking site with an education focus.

Earlier in the year there were rumours that Prince William had registered, but it was later
revealed to be a mere impostor. The MP David Miliband, the radio DJ Jo Whiley, the actor
Orlando Bloom, the artist Tracey Emin and the founder of Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales, are among
confirmed high-profile members.
This month officials banned a flash-mob-style water fight in Hyde Park, organised through
Facebook, due to public safety fears. And there was further controversy at Oxford as students
became aware that university authorities were checking their Facebook profiles.

The legal case against Facebook dates back to September 2004, when Divya Narendra, and the
brothers Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, who founded the social-networking site ConnectU,
accused Mr Zuckerberg of copying their ideas and coding. Mr Zuckerberg had worked as a
computer programmer for them when they were all at Harvard before Facebook was created.

The case was dismissed due to a technicality in March 2007 but without a ruling.

Nobody’s 100% sure how Facebook’s algorithms work – they’re a very, very closely guarded
secret.
But that doesn’t mean Facebook hasn’t given us lots of clues.
Basically, whenever you “like” or share a “reaction” to a post or a page, Facebook takes that
into account whenever it loads up for you. Every “like” and “reaction” tells Facebook’s
algorithm what you like or don’t like, and its algorithm springs into action.
There are likely thousands of what are called “weight factors” to consider, tailored for each one
of Facebook’s 2 billion members. (More on what these terms mean in a sec.)
Every time you open Facebook, the algorithms take into consideration everything that you
share, what your friends and people/pages you follow share, how you react to those things,
how your friends react, and so on – and it serves up a bespoke News Feed, just for you, and
for each of your fans.
In short: The better you understand how Facebook decides who sees your updates, the more
strategic you can be.

INSTAGRAM
Instagram, the new revolutionary photo-sharing program, making it easier that ever to share
your best pictures with the world. The social media program allow you to upload, add digital
filters, and then post your pictures on your Instagram-feed, as well as other social networking
sites. You can connect your Instagram account with Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Flickr,
Foursquare and your email account. This makes it easy to share your pictures on multiple
platforms all at once. As of September 2012, Instagram had 100 million registered users. To use
Instagram you need to have a smartphone. You can take a picture with your normal phone
camera and upload it to Instagram, or you can take a picture using the Instagram-app (for
iPhone). Add a filter and your picture is ready to go!
Instagram was launched in October 2010. Less than two year after the launch, Facebook made
an offer to purchase the up and coming social media service for approximately $1 billion in cash
and stock. The deal was approved and finalized in September 2012.
Introduction to Instagram
Instgram, the new revolutionary photo-sharing program, making it easier that ever to share
your best pictures with the world. The social media program allow you to upload, add digital
filters, and then post your pictures on your Instagram-feed, as well as other social networking
sites. You can connect your Instgram account with Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Flickr,
Foursquare and your email account. This makes it easy to share your pictures on multiple
platforms all at once. As of September 2012, Instagram had 100 million registered users. To use
Instagram you need to have a smartphone. You can take a picture with your normal phone
camera and upload it to Instragram, or you can take a picture using the Instagram-app (for
iPhone). Add a filter and your picture is ready to go!
Instagram was launched in October 2010. Less than two year after the launch, Facebook made
an offer to purchase the up and coming social media service for approximately $1 billion in cash
and stock. The deal was approved and finalized in September 2012.

Currently Instagram transformed from being a smartphone based app (for iPhone) to a web-
site, so that users could start showing off their pictures on the web. This does not mean that
you can upload picture from your computer and post, but you can look all the previous pictures
posted from your smartphone. The picture above is a screenshot of my instagram site which is
now availably online. Want to take a look? Click here!
I have picked out some do’s and don’ts which I see as important for people using Instagram.

Do’s

 Post picture everyday or every other day to keep your profile fresh
 Write yourself a good bio to explain which phone you are taking your pictures with
 Protect your picture if you feel they shouldn’t be seen by the general public
 Use hashtags (explained in intro to Twitter) when appropriate
 Write a sensible text to your pictures, as this text will advertise your picture on for example
Twitter
 Be creative and take good pictures (I’ll post a “How To” on this later)

Don’ts

 Don’t post all the pictures you are taking. Choose the best ones!
 Don’t overdo the editing, but use it to add color to your pictures
 Don’t post pictures of yourself all the time
 Don’t use hashtags who are not relevant. For example a picture of you with the hashtag
Justin Bieber
 Above all: DON’T post picture you haven’t taken yourself
How to sign up

To sign up for Instagram you need a smartphone. You need to download the app called
“Instagram” in app-store (for iPhone) and follow the easy step-by-step guide. You only need to
provide your name; email address; username; password; and a picture of yourself. In addition
Instagram advises you to make a connection to your Facebook account. To register as an
Instagram user you also need to agree to their term and conditions.
Once you have registered and upload some pictures; this is how your profile will look and how
your pictures will be displayed.

 Instagram is the fastest growing social media platform in the world at present
 It has over 400 million worldwide users (December 2015)
 It is also the social media platform with the highest rate of user engagement
 The platform is estimated to receive over 100 million new image uploads per day
 Users engage via comments or likes and the platform produces over 10,000 engagements
every second
Instagram has huge penetration with the tech savvy Millennial audience (18-30) who are also
the top online spending demographic.

Health, beauty and fashion are dominant categories within Instagram but travel and food are
also very popular.

Until recently Instagram was completely untouched by advertising formats. A user’s Instagram
timeline is only populated with images posted by other users they have purposely elected to
‘follow’. Thus the platform is seen as one of the most controlled and non-invasive social media
platforms around. That said, despite being the least invasive, Instagram has a very personal
connection with its users. It’s often said to be a highly motivational and inspiring platform
within which personal discovery is seamlessly promoted.

Instagram has added video functionality to their platform within the last 12 months. This allows
for videos (with sound) of up to 15 seconds to be used in place of an image. As a brand, this
means you can use Instagram with a greater range of creativity. You can also use it to build a
more personal connection with users. Some Instagram users have earned celebrity status
similar to that enjoyed by YouTube Vloggers (Video Bloggers) showing just how powerful the
platform can be and why it’s worth including in your social media marketing plan.

How do I use it?

Many advertisers and brands connect with their target audience on Instagram by directly
earning follows through producing compelling content. This is something that within reason can
be achieved very simply at the cost of a Smartphone and some artistic/photographic talent.

Paid-for advertising on Instagram is still brand new and only available to limited brands, with a
more public platform to be made available some time in 2016. When this does become
available Facebook has announced that paid-for advertising will be minimal as they want the
non-intrusive organic nature of the app to continue to shine through.
At present the only way to generate clicks and traffic to your other online assets via Instagram
is a single link from your accounts home page. Producing compelling content and earning
followers will ultimately raise your brand’s profile and aid in awareness driving for new
products.

Getting started with Instagram

With Instagram’s accelerated growth and its very personal, non-intrusive place in users’ lives,
it’s a platform all brands particularly those in retail or lifestyle sectors should certainly be taking
advantage of.

Getting started is simple. Download the app to your smartphone or tablet.

1. Create a username and password.

2. Fill in your profile information, being sure to include a link to your website in the bio (this is
how users will get from your Instagram profile to your website).
3. Use the magnifying glass icon to discover brands and users with similar interests to your
own and that of your brand’s consumers.
4. You can upload images to your Instagram profile right away. Be sure to include a caption
and relevant tags.
5. You can like other users’ photos by tapping the heart icon.
That’s it, you’re all set to start posting some great images.

WHATSAPP
Whatsapps is a cross-platform mobile messaging app which allows you to exchange messages
without having to pay for SMS. WhatsApp Messenger is available for iPhone, BlackBerry,
Android, Windows Phone and Nokia. Thoses phones can all message each other. Because
WhatsApps Messenger uses the same internet data plan that you use for email and web
browsing, there is no cost to message and stay in touch with your friends.

But, we must know WhatsApp had become the largest messaging platform all around the
world. WhatsApp was founded by Jan Koum and Brain Acton, who was the former employes at
Yahoo Inc. WhatsApp was initially started for Android mobile devices.

In addition,to basic messaging WhatsApp users can create groups, send each other unlimited
images, video and audio media messages with your friends. TRY THE BEST!!!

WhatsApp is one of the best and one of the fastest growing messaging platforms that have ever
existed.

With millions of users worldwide this applications offers numerous benefits to all of its users all
around the globe

From Journal

Accessibility Information and Tips Revised Date: 07/2011

Perpustakaan Sultanah Bahiyah, UUM
WhatsApp Just Reached an Impressive New Milestone Translation in Progress:Translations
powered by Language Weaver Service

HTML Full Text WhatsApp Just Reached an Impressive New Milestone

Keywords: facebook; instagram; messaging; mobile; whatsapp

The mobile messaging platform WhatsApp is getting more popular. The company announced
via its Twitter account Monday night that it processed a record 64 billion messages in a single
day recently. The total was comprised of 20 billion messages sent by users and 44 billion
received. That's up significantly from the last publicly disclosed figure of 54 billion messages (18
billion sent, 36 billion received) processed on New Year's Eve 2013.

Facebook agreed to pay $19 billion for WhatsApp in February because CEO Mark Zuckerberg
thinks the messaging app can grow from its current 450 million monthly users to 1 billion users
within a few years. The companies said WhatsApp was adding 1 million new users each day at
the time of its purchase. Clearly it's still growing at a healthy clip.

The figures also show that WhatsApp is increasingly being used for group discussions. On New
Year's Eve, a WhatsApp user sent a message to two people on average. On the new record day,
people sent messages to 2.2 people on average, a 10 percent increase. Internet users are
increasingly looking for private platforms to have discussions, such as WhatsApp and Snapchat,
rather than openly broadcasting all their thoughts to their social network on Facebook. But
Zuckerberg now owns the fastest-growing platform for that purpose.

In fact, all of Facebook's high-profile properties are growing quickly. Last week the company
revealed that Instagram has passed 200 million monthly users, up from 150 million users in
September.

WhatsApp was founded by Jan Koum and Brain Acton, who was the former employes
at Yahoo Inc. WhatsAppwas initially started for Android mobile devices. In addition,to
basic messaging WhatsApp users can create groups, send each other unlimited
images, video and audio media messages with your friends.

TWITTER
Twitter is a micro-blogging site, which means you use it by typing short statements
about what you’re doing/what’s going on in your world/your opinion on something
topical.

It’s not just about “oops – just burnt the toast” as many people think! It’s about sharing
links to other things online, sharing thoughts and opinions and discussing current
affairs.

It’s free to join twitter and you can create an account from their home page.
With twitter, the terminology is that you “follow people” and have people “follow you”.
When you write a message, your followers see it, and when you visit twitter, you see the
messages of people who you’re following. You can also “retweet” messages which
means you in effect repeat what someone else has said because you want to let your
followers read it, and you can name people in your tweets (@mentions) where you put
their twitter name, or "handle" after the @ sign so that they're told via their account that
you've mentioned them.

If you want to communicate with people without it being public, you can send short
private messages.

You can also put keywords or phrases in your tweets by putting a hash tag infront of
them (eg. #webdesign) and then that lets twitter monitor “trending topics” – keywords
that are being talked about by a lot of people. If someone clicks on a hashtag such as
'#webdesign they'll be taken to a page displaying other tweets with the hashtag
#webdesign so they can see what other people are saying on the topic.

With regards to advertising, you can promote a message so that it appears to people
who may be interested/your target audience. With a little bit of a push, this can then
become a trending topic. This is one of the ways that the Old Spice videos became a viral
success – it wasn’t just PR or the fact that they’re very funny and well put together, it
was paying money to twitter to push them (according to a twitter speaker at AdTech,
Oct. 2010).
Is Twitter right for you?
I recently discussed a possible Twitter strategy for a client who publishes books about
antiques. The first step is for them to identify whether they've got a potential audience
on Twitter. I suggested they look at the brands and creators of ceramics, pottery and art
they write about to see whether they have Twitter profiles. Next, they need to look at
 galleries which stock the antiques they write about. If there's a like minded community
already on Twitter, then they can work to tap into that network and build up followers.

To find these people on Twitter, I suggested checking their websites and looking for a
link to a twitter profile. Sometimes if you search on Twitter itself you can't be sure if
someone with a suitable sounding name is actually the same person - a gallery for
example could be the one down the road in Cornwall or it could be one in California.

Once you've seen that people in your sector are on Twitter, and they're tweeting and
have followers, then you might decide that yes, actually, you can follow these people,
hope they follow you back and try and strike up conversations.

A comprehensive, six module e-learning course to learn how to use Twitter to build and
maintain your customer base. We show you how to tweet and re-tweet, create a branded
twitter feed, build your followers and engage with your industry to build your business.
Twitter is one of the fastest growing social media platforms out there and many businesses
are taking advantage of this massive marketing opportunity.
With over 500 million active users (and 80% of those using mobile devices), small
businesses just cannot afford to miss out on the opportunity to get in front of so many
potential clients and customers.
Whether you work from home and need to find new clients, or you have a local business
looking to drive new customers through the door, this course will help you to do just that!
We understand how to use Twitter for business and want to help you do that too, in just a
few hours per week. Join us to find out how!
Who this course is for:

 Small business owners looking to get their business on Twitter

 Freelancers or contractors looking to find new clients via social media marketing
 Brands and products looking to build their presence on Twitter
 Not suitable for those who already have an in depth knowledge of using Twitter for social
media marketing.
 Good for anyone new to Twitter who wants to learn how it works!!

Twitter's origins lie in a "daylong brainstorming session" held by board members of

the podcasting company Odeo. Jack Dorsey, then an undergraduate student at New York
University, introduced the idea of an individual using an SMS service to communicate with a
small group.[24][25] The original project code name for the service was twttr, an idea that
Williams later ascribed to Noah Glass,[26] inspired by Flickr and the five-character length of
American SMS short codes. The decision was also partly due to the fact that the domain
twitter.com was already in use, and it was six months after the launch of twttr that the crew
purchased the domain and changed the name of the service to Twitter.[27] The developers
initially considered "10958" as a short code, but later changed it to "40404" for "ease of use
and memorability".[28] Work on the project started on March 21, 2006, when Dorsey published
the first Twitter message at 9:50 p.m. Pacific Standard Time (PST): "just setting up my
twttr".[2] Dorsey has explained the origin of the "Twitter" title:
...we came across the word 'twitter', and it was just perfect. The definition was 'a short burst of
inconsequential information,' and 'chirps from birds'. And that's exactly what the product
was.[29]
The first Twitter prototype, developed by Dorsey and contractor Florian Weber, was used as an
internal service for Odeo employees and the full version was introduced publicly on July 15,
2006.[11] In October 2006, Biz Stone, Evan Williams, Dorsey, and other members of Odeo
formed Obvious Corporation and acquired Odeo, together with its assets — including
Odeo.com and Twitter.com — from the investors and shareholders.[31] Williams fired Glass,
who was silent about his part in Twitter's startup until 2011. Twitter spun off into its own
company in April 2007.[33] Williams provided insight into the ambiguity that defined this early
period in a 2013 interview:
With Twitter, it wasn't clear what it was. They called it a social network, they called it
microblogging, but it was hard to define, because it didn't replace anything. There was this path
of discovery with something like that, where over time you figure out what it is. Twitter actually
changed from what we thought it was in the beginning, which we described as status updates
and a social utility. It is that, in part, but the insight we eventually came to was Twitter was
really more of an information network than it is a social network