ADJECTIVES

Adjectives are words that are used to describe (what kind of?) nouns and pronouns and to quantify
(how much of? ) and identify (which one?) them. In a nutshell, Adjectives are what define nouns and
give them characteristics to differentiate them from other nouns. For example:
He was wearing a blue shirt.
Here ‘blue’ is an adjective as it is describing the noun ‘shirt’ by answering the question ‘what kind of
shirt?’
There are seven rooms in the house.
Here ‘Seven’ is also an adjective as it’s telling the quantity/the number of the noun ‘rooms’,
answering the question
‘how many rooms?’.
There are different types of adjectives based upon their effect on a noun and what do they tell about
the noun.
There are five categories of adjectives
1. Adjectives of Quality - These adjectives are used to describe the nature of a noun. They give an
idea about the
characteristics of the noun by answering the question ‘what kind’.
Honest, Kind, Large, Bulky, Beautiful, Ugly etc.
New Delhi is a large city with many historical monuments.
Sheila is a beautiful woman.
2. Adjectives of Quantity - These adjectives help to show the amount or the approximate amount
of the noun or pronoun.
These adjectives do not provide exact numbers; rather they tell us the amount of the noun in
relative or whole terms.
All, Half, Many, Few, Little, No, Enough, Great etc.
They have finished most of the rice.
Many people came to visit the fair.
3. Adjectives of Number - These adjectives are used to show the number of nouns and their place
in an order.
There are three different sections within adjectives of number; they are -
Definite Numeral Adjective - Those which clearly denote an exact number of nouns or the order
of the noun.
One, Two, Twenty, Thirty-Three etc. also known as Cardinals.
First, Second, Third, Seventh etc. also known as Ordinals.
Indefinite Numeral Adjective - Those adjectives that do not give an exact numerical amount but
just give a general
idea of the amount.
Some, Many, Few, Any, Several, All etc.
E.g.: There were many people present at the meeting.
Distributive Numeral Adjective -Those adjectives that are used to refer to individual nouns
within the whole amount.
Either, Neither, Each, Another, Other etc.
Taxes have to be paid by every employed citizen.
4. Demonstrative Adjectives - These adjectives are used to point out or indicate a particular noun
or pronoun using
the adjectives - This, That, Theseand Those.
That bag belongs to Neil.
Try using this paintbrush in art class.
I really like those shoes.
These flowers are lovely.
5. Interrogative Adjectives - These adjectives are used to ask questions about nouns or in relation
to nouns,
they are - Where, What, Which andWhose.
Where did he say he was going?
What assignment did I miss out on?
 Which is your favorite author?
Whose pen is this?
In some instances, we find that we need to use more than one adjective to describe a noun in a
satisfactory manner. In these cases,
commas are used to separate the adjectives but some series of adjectives do not require a comma.
Therefore, we need to know the
difference between Coordinate and Non-coordinate Adjectives -
Coordinate Adjectives - Are those words which can be re-arranged in the series easily and are still
grammatically sound. This kind of
series makes use of commas. This series can also insert ‘and’ between them and still be correct.
She was a kind, generous, loving human being.
She was a generous, loving, kind human being.
She was a loving, kind and generous human being.
Here we can see that all three sentences are grammatically correct. In this case, the adjectives only
need to be separated by commas.
Non-coordinate Adjectives - These are those adjectives which cannot be rearranged in the series.
These do not use commas to separate
the adjectives. Also, this kind of series do not make sense if we insert ‘and’ between them.
She has two energetic playful dogs.
She has playful two energetic dogs.
She has energetic and playful and two dogs.
Here we see that only the first sentence makes sense and is grammatically correct. The second and
third ones are incorrect. Hence, the sentence
uses non-coordinate adjectives and does not need commas.
There are certain rules regarding the placement of different kinds of adjectives in a sentence. The
general order followed is -
1.Determiners – These are the various articles (the, a, an), demonstratives (this, that, these,
those), possessives (my, mine, your, yours, -‘s),
quantifiers (all, many etc.), numerals (one, twenty, thirty-seven etc.) and distributives (each, every,
neither, either)
2.Observations/Quantity and Opinion - Then come the adjectives that give a quantity (also
known as post-determiners) and subjective
opinion to the noun, telling ‘how much’ and ‘how was’ the noun.
Few, Most, One, Three/ Beautiful, Ugly, Difficult etc.
The beautiful house.
3.Size - The position after Observations is for the adjectives that tell about the size of the noun, they
can be used for an object as well as living thing.
Huge, Little, Bulky, Thin, Vast, Tiny, Lean etc
The beautiful little house.
4.Age -Then is the turn of the Adjectives that tell about the age of a noun either by itself or in
relation to another noun.
Young, Old, Teenage, Mature, Recent, Bygone etc.
The beautiful little old house.
5.Shape - Next are the adjectives that tell about the shape or appearance of the noun.
Circular, Crooked, Triangular, Oval, Wavy, Straights etc.
The beautiful little old square house.
6.Colour - After that are the adjectives that tell the shade and hue of a noun.
Pastel, Red, Blue, Metallic, Colourless, Translucent etc.
The beautiful square blue coloured house.
7.Origin - Next are the adjectives that show the different geographical locations associated with a
noun.
Southern, Northern, Lunar, Mexican, French etc.
The beautiful blue coloured Mexican house.
8. Material - Next are the adjectives that talk about the raw material or texture of the objects or the
behaviour of the living nouns.
Wooden, Plastic, Steely, Metallic, Cottony etc.
The beautiful Mexican limestone house.
9.Qualifier – Lastly, the qualifier or the grammatical modifier comes, which is an additional word or
phrase provided to change the meaning of the noun in a sentence.
Pink + eye, Royal + treatment, Hot + fudge etc.

LIST OF ADJECTIVES
Apearance
adorable beautiful clean
Adjectives
drab elegant fancy glamorous
handsome long magnificent old-fashioned
plain quaint sparkling ugliest
unsightly wide-eyed

Feelings (Good)
agreeable brave calm
Adjectives
delightful eager faithful gentle
happy jolly kind lively
nice obedient proud relieved
silly thankful victorious witty
zealous

Color Adjectives red orange yellow

green blue purple gray
black white

Shape Adjectives broad chubby crooked

curved deep flat high
hollow low narrow round
shallow skinny square steep
straight wide.

Condition
alive better careful
Adjectives
clever dead easy famous
gifted helpful important inexpensive
mushy odd powerful rich
shy tender uninterested vast
wrong.

Size Adjectives big colossal fat

gigantic great huge immense
large little mammoth massive
miniature petite puny scrawny
short small tall teeny
teeny-tiny tiny
List of Adjectives

Feelings (Bad)
angry bewildered clumsy
Adjectives
defeated embarrassed fierce grumpy
helpless itchy jealous lazy
mysterious nervous obnoxious panicky
repulsive scary thoughtless uptight
worried

Sound Adjectives cooing deafening faint

hissing loud melodic noisy
purring quiet raspy screeching
thundering voiceless whispering

Time Adjectives ancient brief early

fast late long modern
old old-fashioned quick rapid
short slow swift young

Taste/Touch
bitter delicious fresh
Adjectives
greasy juicy hot icy
loose melted nutritious prickly
rainy rotten salty sticky
strong sweet tart tasteless
uneven weak wet wooden
yummy

Touch Adjectives boiling breeze broken

bumpy chilly cold cool
creepy crooked cuddly curly
damaged damp dirty dry
dusty filthy flaky fluffy
freezing hot warm wet

Quantity Adjectives abundant empty few

full heavy light many
numerous sparse substantial

Why do you need a list of adjectives? Adjectives can turn the ordinary in to the
extraordinary. When used properly, they can add vivid interest to your conversation or
written communication. However, there can be too much of a good thing. Please keep
your adjectives effective by choosing them wisely.

Comprehensive List of Adjectives

A aback abaft abandoned

abashed aberrant abhorrent abiding
abject ablaze able abnormal
aboard aboriginal abortive abounding
abrasive abrupt absent absorbed
absorbing abstracted absurd abundant
abusive acceptable accessible accidental
accurate acid acidic acoustic
acrid actually ad hoc adamant
adaptable addicted adhesive adjoining
adorable adventurous afraid aggressive
agonizing agreeable ahead ajar
alcoholic alert alike alive
alleged alluring aloof amazing
ambiguous ambitious amuck amused
amusing ancient angry animated
annoyed annoying anxious apathetic
aquatic aromatic arrogant ashamed
aspiring assorted astonishing attractive
auspicious automatic available average
awake aware awesome awful
axiomatic

B bad barbarous
bashful bawdy beautiful befitting
belligerent beneficial bent berserk
best better bewildered big
billowy bite-sized bitter bizarre
black black-and-white bloody blue
blue-eyed blushing boiling boorish
bored boring bouncy boundless
brainy brash brave brawny
breakable breezy brief bright
bright broad broken brown
bumpy burly bustling busy

C cagey calculating
callous calm capable capricious
careful careless caring cautious
ceaseless certain changeable charming
cheap cheerful chemical chief
childlike chilly chivalrous chubby
chunky clammy classy clean
clear clever cloistered cloudy
closed clumsy cluttered coherent
cold colorful colossal combative
comfortable common complete complex
concerned condemned confused conscious
cooing cool cooperative coordinated
courageous cowardly crabby craven
crazy creepy crooked crowded
cruel cuddly cultured cumbersome
curious curly curved curvy
cut cute cute cynical

D daffy daily
damaged damaging damp dangerous
dapper dark dashing dazzling
dead deadpan deafening dear
debonair decisive decorous deep
deeply defeated defective defiant
delicate delicious delightful demonic
delirious dependent depressed deranged
descriptive deserted detailed determined
devilish didactic different difficult
diligent direful dirty disagreeable
disastrous discreet disgusted disgusting
disillusioned dispensable distinct disturbed
divergent dizzy domineering doubtful
drab draconian dramatic dreary
drunk dry dull dusty
dusty dynamic dysfunctional

E eager early
earsplitting earthy easy eatable
economic educated efficacious efficient
eight elastic elated elderly
electric elegant elfin elite
embarrassed eminent empty enchanted
enchanting encouraging endurable energetic
enormous entertaining enthusiastic envious
equable equal erect erratic
ethereal evanescent evasive even
excellent excited exciting exclusive
exotic expensive extra-large extra-small
exuberant exultant

F fabulous faded
faint fair faithful fallacious
FALSE familiar famous fanatical
fancy fantastic far far-flung
fascinated fast fat faulty
fearful fearless feeble feigned
female fertile festive few
fierce filthy fine finicky
first five fixed flagrant
flaky flashy flat flawless
flimsy flippant flowery fluffy
fluttering foamy foolish foregoing
forgetful fortunate four frail
fragile frantic free freezing
frequent fresh fretful friendly
frightened frightening full fumbling
functional funny furry furtive
future futuristic fuzzy

G gabby gainful
gamy gaping garrulous gaudy
general gentle giant giddy
gifted gigantic glamorous gleaming
glib glistening glorious glossy
godly good goofy gorgeous
graceful grandiose grateful gratis
gray greasy great greedy
green grey grieving groovy
grotesque grouchy grubby gruesome
grumpy guarded guiltless gullible
gusty guttural

H habitual half
hallowed halting handsome handsomely
handy hanging hapless happy
hard hard-to-find harmonious harsh
hateful heady healthy heartbreaking
heavenly heavy hellish helpful
helpless hesitant hideous high
highfalutin high-pitched hilarious hissing
historical holistic hollow homeless
homely honorable horrible hospitable
hot huge hulking humdrum
humorous hungry hurried hurt
hushed husky hypnotic hysterical

I icky icy
idiotic ignorant ill illegal
ill-fated ill-informed illustrious imaginary
immense imminent impartial imperfect
impolite important imported impossible
incandescent incompetent inconclusive industrious
incredible inexpensive infamous innate
innocent inquisitive insidious instinctive
intelligent interesting internal invincible
irate irritating itchy

J jaded jagged
jazzy jealous jittery jobless
jolly joyous judicious juicy
jumbled jumpy juvenile

K kaput keen
kind kindhearted kindly knotty
knowing knowledgeable known
L labored lackadaisical
lacking lame lamentable languid
large last late laughable
lavish lazy lean learned
left legal lethal level
lewd light like likeable
limping literate little lively
lively living lonely long
longing long-term loose lopsided
loud loutish lovely loving
low lowly lucky ludicrous
lumpy lush luxuriant lying
lyrical

M macabre macho
maddening madly magenta magical
magnificent majestic makeshift male
malicious mammoth maniacal many
marked massive married marvelous
material materialistic mature mean
measly meaty medical meek
mellow melodic melted merciful
mere messy mighty military
milky mindless miniature minor
miscreant misty mixed moaning
modern moldy momentous motionless
mountainous muddled mundane murky
mushy mute mysterious

N naive nappy
narrow nasty natural naughty
nauseating near neat nebulous
necessary needless needy neighborly
nervous new next nice
nifty nimble nine nippy
noiseless noisy nonchalant nondescript
nonstop normal nostalgic nosy
noxious null numberless numerous
nutritious nutty

O oafish obedient
obeisant obese obnoxious obscene
obsequious observant obsolete obtainable
oceanic odd offbeat old
old-fashioned omniscient one onerous
open opposite optimal orange
ordinary organic ossified outgoing
outrageous outstanding oval overconfident
overjoyed overrated overt overwrought

P painful painstaking
pale paltry panicky panoramic
parallel parched parsimonious past
pastoral pathetic peaceful penitent
perfect periodic permissible perpetual
petite petite phobic physical
picayune pink piquant placid
plain plant plastic plausible
pleasant plucky pointless poised
polite political poor possessive
possible powerful precious premium
present pretty previous pricey
prickly private probable productive
profuse protective proud psychedelic
psychotic public puffy pumped
puny purple purring pushy
puzzled puzzling

Q quack quaint
quarrelsome questionable quick quickest
quiet quirky quixotic quizzical

R rabid racial
ragged rainy rambunctious rampant
rapid rare raspy ratty
ready real rebel receptive
recondite red redundant reflective
regular relieved remarkable reminiscent
repulsive resolute resonant responsible
rhetorical rich right righteous
rightful rigid ripe ritzy
roasted robust romantic roomy
rotten rough round royal
ruddy rude rural rustic
ruthless

S sable sad
safe salty same sassy
satisfying savory scandalous scarce
scared scary scattered scientific
scintillating scrawny screeching second
second-hand secret secretive sedate
seemly selective selfish separate
serious shaggy shaky shallow
sharp shiny shivering shocking
short shrill shut shy
sick silent silent silky
silly simple simplistic sincere
six skillful skinny sleepy
slim slimy slippery sloppy
slow small smart smelly
smiling smoggy smooth sneaky
snobbish snotty soft soggy
solid somber sophisticated sordid
sore sore sour sparkling
special spectacular spicy spiffy
spiky spiritual spiteful splendid
spooky spotless spotted spotty
spurious squalid square squealing
squeamish staking stale standing
statuesque steadfast steady steep
stereotyped sticky stiff stimulating
stingy stormy straight strange
striped strong stupendous stupid
sturdy subdued subsequent substantial
successful succinct sudden sulky
super superb superficial supreme
swanky sweet sweltering swift
symptomatic synonymous

T taboo tacit
tacky talented tall tame
tan tangible tangy tart
tasteful tasteless tasty tawdry
tearful tedious teeny teeny-tiny
telling temporary ten tender
tense tense tenuous terrible
terrific tested testy thankful
therapeutic thick thin thinkable
third thirsty thirsty thoughtful
thoughtless threatening three thundering
tidy tight tightfisted tiny
tired tiresome toothsome torpid
tough towering tranquil trashy
tremendous tricky trite troubled
truculent TRUE truthful two
typical

U ubiquitous ugliest
ugly ultra unable unaccountable
unadvised unarmed unbecoming unbiased
uncovered understood undesirable unequal
unequaled uneven unhealthy uninterested
unique unkempt unknown unnatural
unruly unsightly unsuitable untidy
unused unusual unwieldy unwritten
upbeat uppity upset uptight
used useful useless utopian
utter uttermost

V vacuous vagabond
vague valuable various vast
vengeful venomous verdant versed
victorious vigorous violent violet
vivacious voiceless volatile voracious
vulgar

W wacky waggish
waiting wakeful wandering wanting
warlike warm wary wasteful
watery weak wealthy weary
well-groomed well-made well-off well-to-do
wet whimsical whispering white
whole wholesale wicked wide
wide-eyed wiggly wild willing
windy wiry wise wistful
witty woebegone womanly wonderful
wooden woozy workable worried
worthless wrathful wretched wrong
wry

X and Y xenophobic
yellow yielding young youthful
yummy

Z zany zealous
zesty zippy zonked

ADVERBS
Adverbs are words that are used in sentences to describe or change the meaning of a Verb or Adjective
or even another Adverb.
They add description to the sentence to make it more detailed and interesting. For example:
He walked slowly across the square.
Here, one can see that the Adverb ‘slowly’ is describing the Verb ‘walk’ by telling that the person was
walking slowly.
Types of Adverbs
Adverbs are used in sentences to answer many questions about the Verbs/Adjectives/Adverbs
themselves.
The different types of Adverbs are as following:
Adverb of Time
E.g.: The results were announced yesterday.
Here the Adverb is yesterday which is answering the question: When were the
results announced? ‘Announced’ is the verb in this sentence.
She will visit the hospital tomorrow.
Here the Verb is ‘visit’ and the Adverb is tomorrow as the question being asked is: Whenwill
she visit the hospital?
Other examples of Adverbs of Time are – Once, Never, Tomorrow, Daily etc.
Adverb of Place
E.g.: They will meet you there.
The Adverb here is there that is specifying a place for the Verb meet and the question being answered
is: Where will they meet you?
In spring, flowers bloom everywhere.
Here the Verb is bloom and the Adverb is everywhere, answering the question:Where do the
flowers bloom in spring?
Other examples of Adverbs of Place are - Anywhere, Somewhere, Near, Far etc.
Adverb of Manner
E.g.: He quietly slipped away.
The Adverb here is quietly which is telling the way or manner in which the action was carried out and
the Verb is slipped which is telling:
How did he slip away.
She works fast.
The Verb here is work and the Adverb is fast and the question being asked is:How does she work?
These Adverbs tell about the manner of the action being done, whether it is done happily or haltingly
etc. Other examples of Adverbs of Manner are - Honestly, Joyfully, Cunningly etc.
Adverb of Frequency
He likes to watch TV every day.
Here, the Adverb is every day and it is telling about the amount of time spent in doing the Verb, which
is watch. The question in this sentence is: How oftendoes he watch TV?
They meet every week.
The Adverb here is every week and it is telling the frequency and the Verb ismeet. The sentence is
telling us: How often do they meet?
These Adverbs are used to show the duration or timing of the action that is happening/had
happened/will happen. They also tell us how often and how long these actions would be. Other examples
of Adverbs of Frequency are - Frequently, Often, Yearly, Briefly etc.
Adverbs of Degree
She almost finished the work.
The Verb here is finished and the Adverb is almost which is telling us about the amount of the work
finished. The question being asked is: How much of the work did she finish?
They were completely surprised by the windfall.
The adverb here is completely which is showing the degree to which ‘they’ weresurprised which is the
Verb. The question being asked here is: How much were they surprised?
The Adverbs of Degree are used to show to what extent or how much has an action been done or will
be done. Other examples of these Adverbs are - Fully, Partially, Altogether etc.
Adverbs of Confirmation and Negation
They will certainly like this vase.
The Adverb here is certainly which is reinforcing the Verb like in answer to the question: Will they like
this vase?
He never leaves his house.
The Adverb never is negating the Verb leave. It is answering the question in denial: Does he ever
leave his house?
These Adverbs either confirm or deny the action of the Verb. They are also used to reinforce the action
that is described by the Verb. Other examples of Adverbs of Confirmation are - Definitely, Absolutely,
Surely etc. Examples for Adverbs of Denial or Negation are - No, Don’t, Can’t etc.
Adverbs of Comment
These Adverbs are used to make a comment on the entire sentence. They give a look at the speaker’s
viewpoint or opinion about the sentence. These Adverbs don’t just change or describe the Verb; they
influence the whole sentence.
They found his secret easily.
+
Unfortunately
 Unfortunately, they found his secret easily.
Here, we see that adding the Adverb unfortunately has changed the entire tone of the sentence.
Earlier, it was a passive tone, now it has a negative or disappointed tone.
Other examples of Adverbs of Comment are -
 Luckily, the dog did not bite the children.
 Happily, the power returned before the big match.
 Did he honestly expect me to lie for him? (Adverb adds comment on the anger of the speaker.)
 And they would win the world cup, obviously. (Can be said in a sarcastic as well as positive manner)
Adverbs of Conjunction
These Adverbs are used to connect ideas or clauses, they are used to show consequence or effect or
the relation between the two clauses. To use these Adverbs to conjugate two clauses you need to use
a semicolon (;) to connect them.
Clause 1: He was going for an important interview.
Clause 2: He made sure he reached on time.
He was going for an important interview; accordingly, he made sure he reached on time.
Here, we see how the Adverb ‘accordingly’ is joining the two clauses and showing the relation between
them with the use of a semicolon (;). Accordingly means- therefore or that is why.
A few other Adverbs of Conjunction are -
 However - Yet, on the other hand, in spite of
 Consequently - As a result, resulting in
 Moreover - Beside, in addition
 Conversely - Opposite of, contrary to

LIST OF ADVERBS
A abnormally absentmindedly
accidentally acidly actually adventurously
afterwards almost always angrily
annually anxiously arrogantly awkwardly

B badly bashfully
beautifully bitterly bleakly blindly
blissfully boastfully boldly bravely
briefly brightly briskly broadly
busily

C calmly carefully
carelessly cautiously certainly cheerfully
clearly cleverly closely coaxingly
colorfully commonly continually coolly
correctly courageously crossly cruelly
curiously

D daily daintily
dearly deceivingly delightfully deeply
defiantly deliberately delightfully diligently
dimly doubtfully dreamily

E easily elegantly
energetically enormously enthusiastically equally
especially even evenly eventually
exactly excitedly extremely

F fairly faithfully
famously far fast fatally
ferociously fervently fiercely fondly
foolishly fortunately frankly frantically
freely frenetically frightfully fully
furiously

G generally generously
gently gladly gleefully gracefully
gratefully greatly greedily

H happily hastily
healthily heavily helpfully helplessly
highly honestly hopelessly hourly
hungrily

I immediately innocently
inquisitively instantly intensely intently
interestingly inwardly irritably

J jaggedly jealously
joshingly joyfully joyously jovially
jubilantly judgementally justly

K keenly kiddingly
kindheartedly kindly kissingly knavishly
knottily knowingly knowledgeably kookily

L lazily less
lightly likely limply lively
loftily longingly loosely lovingly
loudly loyally

M madly majestically
meaningfully mechanically merrily miserably
mockingly monthly more mortally
mostly mysteriously

N naturally nearly
neatly needily nervously never
nicely noisily not

O obediently obnoxiously
oddly offensively officially often
only openly optimistically overconfidently
owlishly

P painfully partially
patiently perfectly physically playfully
politely poorly positively potentially
powerfully promptly properly punctually

Q quaintly quarrelsomely
queasily queerly questionably questioningly
quicker quickly quietly quirkily
quizzically

R rapidly rarely
readily really reassuringly recklessly
regularly reluctantly repeatedly reproachfully
restfully righteously rightfully rigidly
roughly rudely

S sadly safely
scarcely scarily searchingly sedately
seemingly seldom selfishly separately
seriously shakily sharply sheepishly
shrilly shyly silently sleepily
slowly smoothly softly solemnly
solidly sometimes soon speedily
stealthily sternly strictly successfully
suddenly surprisingly suspiciously sweetly
swiftly sympathetically

T tenderly tensely
terribly thankfully thoroughly thoughtfully
tightly tomorrow too tremendously
triumphantly truly truthfully

U ultimately unabashedly
unaccountably unbearably unethically unexpectedly
unfortunately unimpressively unnaturally unnecessarily
utterly upbeat upliftingly upright
upside-down upward upwardly urgently
usefully uselessly usually utterly

V vacantly vaguely
vainly valiantly vastly verbally
very viciously victoriously violently
vivaciously voluntarily

W warmly weakly
wearily well wetly wholly
wildly willfully wisely woefully
wonderfully worriedly wrongly

Y yawningly yearly
yearningly yesterday yieldingly youthfully

Z zealously zestfully
zestily

ARTICLES AND DETERMINERS

ARTICLES
What is an article?
An article is a word that modifies or describes the Noun. It is used before the noun to show whether it
refers to something specific or not.
So, in a way, articles can also be described as a type of adjectives as they also tell us something
about the nouns, like adjectives.
Types of Articles
There are two types of Articles in the English language. They are as follows:
Definite article: Definite means to be clear, exact or obvious about something. It is called definite
because it is used in relation to a particular
thing or person. “The” is the definite article in English, which is used to refer to particular nouns, the
identities of which are known. The definite
article indicates that the noun is specific. The speaker talks about a particular thing. For example:
The cat sat on the couch.
The dog attacked me and ran away.
Notice how the reference is not left indefinite in both the sentences. It is clear that a particular cat sat
on the couch in the first sentence and a
specific dog that attacked the speaker is being spoken about in the second example.
Indefinite articles: Indefinite means something which is not clear, obvious or exact. They are called
indefinite because the identity of the thing
or person being spoken about is left unclear or indefinite. The indefinite article indicates that the
noun is not someone or something in particular.
The speaker talks about any one of that type of things. The indefinite articles in English
are "a" and "an."For example:
Do you have a pencil?
I want to have an apple.
Notice how the speaker is not asking for a particular pencil or apple, but any pencil or apple in the
above sentences.
Difference between “A” and “An”
Indefinite articles ‘a/an’ are used as follows:
‘A’ is used before a word beginning with a consonant sound. Consonant letters in the English
alphabet are B,C,D,F,G,H,J,K,L,M,N,P,Q,R,S,T,V,W,X,Y,Z.
For example: A boy, a cat, a dog, a fight, a gym, a horse, a joke, a kite, a lion, a mirror, a noise, a
pin, a quilt, etc.
‘An’ is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound. Vowel letters in the English alphabet are
A, E, I, O, U.
For example: An apple, an elephant, an idiot, an orange, an umbrella, etc.
Note here that the usage is on the basis of sound and not only the letter the word starts with.
For example:
 “An hour”
“An honest man”
“A one eyed dog”
Do these seem wrong to you?
They’re not and the reason is that the ‘usage is on the basis of sound’. The words 'hour' and
'honest' both begin with a vowel sound, as the
consonant 'h' is not pronounced. Similarly, the word 'one' begins with the consonant sound of 'w' and
hence is written as 'a one eyed dog', not 'an one eyed dog'.
Also, remember that we use "a" and "an" only before a singular noun. We can't use "a" and "an"
before a plural noun. For example:

A book - correct
A books - incorrect

An egg - correct
An eggs – incorrect
Tips to remember the differences in a nutshell
Ø a + singular noun beginning with a consonant : a bag;a pen, etc.
Ø an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an egg; an orphan, etc.
Ø a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound:auser(sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e., gives a
'y' sound, so 'a' is used); a university; a European, etc.
Ø an + nouns starting with silent "h":an hour; an honest man, etc.
NOTE:
These rules also apply in Acronyms.
For example:
He is a DU (Delhi University) student.
He is an IIT (Indian Institute of Technology) graduate.
The rule also applies when acronyms start with consonant letters but have vowel sounds.
For example:
She is an MBA (Master of Business Administration).
When/If the noun is modified by an adjective, the choice between a and an depends on the
initial sound of the adjective
that immediately follows the article.
For example:
a beautiful umbrella
an unusual situation
a European country (pronounced as 'yer-o-pi-an,' i.e., sounds like consonant 'y')
A/An is used to indicate membership in a group.
For example:
 I am a journalist. (I am a member of a large group of professionals known as journalists.)
 She is an Indian. (She is a member of the people from India, known as Indians.)
Difference between “A” and “The”
"The", as mentioned earlier, is used to give information about particular or known nouns. These are
usually things that have been mentioned before or that the listener is familiar with. On the other
hand, "A" or "an" is used to talk about things which are not particular. Usually, these are things that
haven't been mentioned before or that the listener is unfamiliar with.

For example, study these sentences:

I went to see a tattoo artist.
The tattoo artist has given me an appointment next week.
It is clear that in the first sentence, the speaker did not go to see a particular tattoo artist. He/she
went to see any tattoo artist and was speaking to a friend about the same. The tattoo artist in this
case has either not been mentioned before or is not that important, and therefore their identity is
unknown.
Whereas in the second sentence, the speaker refers to the tattoo artist that had already been
mentioned before. The identity is already known, therefore, “the” has been used to refer the tattoo
artist.
Usage of ‘the’
Let’s study the different cases where ‘the’ can or cannot be used.
Count and Noncount Nouns
The can either be used with noncount nouns or the article can be omitted entirely. For example:
She liked to sail over the water. Here, some specific body of water is being talked about.
She liked to sail over water. Here, no particular water is being talked about. It can refer to any
water.
‘A’/’An’ can be used only with single count nouns.
I need a bottle of juice.
I need an eraser.
Use of ‘the’ in case of geography
There are some specific rules for using ‘the’ with geographical nouns.
Do not use ‘the’ before:
Ø names of most countries/territories: India, Brazil, Canada; however, the Netherlands, the
Dominican Republic, the Philippines, the United States
Ø names of cities, towns, or states: Toronto, Delhi, Sao Paolo
Ø names of streets: Callowhill Drive, Park Avenue
Ø names of lakes and bays: Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario; except while referring to a group of lakes -
the Great Lakes
Ø names of mountains: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji except with ranges of mountains like the Andes
or the Rockies or unusual names like the Matterhorn
Ø names of continents: Asia, Europe
Ø names of islands (Easter Island, Maui, Key West) except with island chains likethe Andaman
Islands, the Canary Islands
Use ‘the’ before:
Ø names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Ganga, the India Ocean
Ø points on the globe: the Equator, the South Pole
Ø geographical areas: the South East, the Asia Pacific
Ø deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas: the Kalahari, the Sunderbans
Where articles are not used?
The usage of articles is one of the most confusing things to remember for many English learners. It is
not always necessary to use articles everywhere. Our tip is to remember the cases where articles
should not be used.
Do not use articles:
Ø When you talk about things in general.
For example: I like birds.
Here, the speaker wants to imply that he/she likes any bird in general, and not a specific
type of a bird.
Ø When talking about plural count nouns.
For example: Dogs make great pets.
Here, you are not talking about one specific dog or one specific pet; you are talking about all dogs in
general.
Ø When talking about non-count nouns.
For example: I love music.
Here, the speaker is saying that he enjoys music, in general – not any specific kind of music or song.
Ø When talking about specific days or holidays, geography, companies, languages.
For example: I have bought candles for Diwali.
Here, the speaker is talking about the candles he has bought to use on the day of Diwali.
Ø When talking about Geography.
Articles are not used before countries, states, cities, towns, continents, single lakes, single
mountains, etc.
For example: I live in Canada.
Mt. Rosa is part of the Alps mountain range.
Here, Mt. Rosa is one mountain, whereas The Alps refer to a group of mountains.
NOTE:
The United Arab Emirates, The Russian Federation", The People's Republic of China, The United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
The Dominion of Canada, etc., all contain articles because of the usage of common nouns such as
kingdom, republic, states, united, dominion,
emirates, etc.

The Netherlands, the Philippines, The Bahamas, The Maldives, etc. have ‘the’ before them due to the
plural nature of the names of the countries.

The Ukraine, the Sudan, etc. are exceptions to all of these rules. It is perhaps, due to common use,
or at least previous common use. There have
been historical uses of articles before names of countries that don't fit into either category.
Ø When you talk about companies.
For example: Steve Jobs founded Apple.
I use Facebook every day.
Here, the speaker is referring to companies like Apple and Facebook.
Ø When you talk about languages.
For example: I speak Hindi.
Here, the speaker is talking about the language Hindi.
Ø When you talk about places, locations, streets.
For example: My house is located on Callowhill Drive.
I left my pen at home.
Here, a street called Callowhill Drive and speaker’s home are being talked about.
However, there are specific places that do need the use an article. For example:
the bank, the hospital, the post office, the airport, the train station, the bus stop, etc.
Ø When you talk about sports and physical activities.
For example: I love to play cricket.
She enjoys dancing.
Here, cricket and dancing is being talked about.
Ø When there is a noun + number
For example: She is staying at the Hilton hotel in room 127.
The train to Montreal leaves from platform 9.
Here, the nouns are followed by numbers; hence, no article is used.
Ø When talking about academic subjects.
For example: I hate attending Mathematics classes.
Here, the mathematic classes are being discussed.
A table to remember when or when not to use Articles

Different cases Examples

When mentioning something for the

I went for a movie.
first time.

When talking about something which

This is a pen.
belongs to a set of the same thing.

‘A’/ ‘An’ is When talking about someone who

She is an engineer.
used belongs to a certain group.

When talking about a certain kind of a I've have made a great

thing. movie.

When wanting to say that someone is

She is a shy girl.
a certain kind of person.

‘The’ is The movie that I went

When talking about a particular thing.
used for was fantastic.
 When talking about something that
I cleared the interview.
you are sure of.

I don’t like to go out in

When there is only one such thing.
the sun.

When talking about Swimming is a great

something in general. physical activity.
No article
is used We visited France.
When talking about cities,
We watched soccer
countries, streets, sports, etc.
together.

DETERMINERS
Determiners are a kind of noun modifier; they precede and are necessarily followed by nouns. While
adjectives perform a similar function, the term
‘determiner’ refers to a relatively limited set of well-established words that can be said to ‘mark’
nouns.
The function of determiners is to ‘express reference’; i.e. they clarify what a noun is referring to. For
example when one says ‘that box’,
the listener knows which box is being referred to.
There are many types of determiners:
1. Articles

There are three articles: a, an, and the.

Indefinite Articles
A and an are indefinite articles that serve the same purpose, but they cannot be used
interchangeably, because ‘a’ is only used before words that
begin with consonants, and ‘an’ is used only before words that begin with vowels. (Note: ‘an’ before
‘h’ when it is silent, as in ‘hour’ and ‘honour’;
‘a’ before ‘u’ and ‘eu’ when they sound like ‘you’, as in ‘European’ and ‘university’.
The uses of the indefinite article are as follows:
1. To refer to some member of a group, class or category. For example He is a doctor
(profession)/an Indian (nationality)/a Hindu (religion).
2. To refer to a kind of, or example of something. For example He has a large nose/a thick beard/a
strange aunt.
3. Preceding singular nouns, with the words ‘what’ and ‘such’. For example What a car! Oh, that’s such
a shame!
4. To mean ‘one’ object, whether a person or thing. For example The thieves stole a necklace and a
portrait.
5. To refer to something that is being mentioned for the first time. For example There was a chill in the
air.
Note:
1. We usually say a hundred, a thousand, a million, etc.
2. ‘A’ is not indiscriminately used to refer to singular objects; ‘one’ is used when emphasis is required.
For example There is only one way out of this mess.

Definite Article
‘The’ is known as the definite article in English. Its uses are as follows:
1. When something is being referred to that has already been mentioned. For example I saw a
pretty girl at the mall today. The pretty girl did not, however, see me.
2. When both parties involved in the conversation are aware of what is being discussed. For example
Where is the restroom?
3. To refer to unique objects. For example the sun, the moon, the Earth, the Taj Mahal.
4. With superlatives and ordinal numbers (numbers used to rank a set of objects). For example Mt
Everest is the tallest mountain on earth, Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon.
5. To refer to groups of people, geographical areas and oceans, and with decades or groups of years.
For example the Americans, the Sahara/Pacific, the fifties/sixities/seventies/eighties.

2. Quantifiers

Quantifiers form a sub-class under determiners. They are adjectives or phrases that serve to answer
two possible questions:
1. How many?
2. and How much?
For example: a few, a little, much, many, most, some, any, enough, etc., are quantifiers.
Quantifiers that describe quantity
Words and phrases that describe quantity include a little, none, a few, etc. Some of these are used
only with:
Countable nouns - These are the nouns that answer the question How many? For example: a few, a
number of, several, etc.
Uncountable nouns - These are the nouns that answer the question How much? For example: a little,
a bit of, etc. )
Some of them are also used with both. These are the ones that answer both questions. For example:
such as no/none, some, a lot of, etc.
Quantifiers that express attitude
The words few, little and the phrases - a few and a little serve to describe the speaker’s attitude to
the quantity being described.
The first two carry negative suggestions, whereas the last two carry positive suggestions. For
example:
The phrase I have little time means that the speaker hardly has time, whereas the phrase I have a
little time means that while the speaker
may not have all the time in the world, but s/he has enough for the purpose at hand.
‘Enough’
Enough is used to indicate the necessary amount or quantity; it is placed before nouns. For example:
There is enough time,
You have enough money, Is there enough food?, etc.
Comparative quantifiers
There are ten comparative or grade quantifiers: much, many, more, most, few, fewer, fewest, little,
less, and least.
Much, many, more and most describe (in ascending order) increase; much is used only with
uncountable nouns, many only
with plural countable nouns,
and more and most with both.
I have much time. < I have more time. < I have the most time.
I have many apples. < I have more apples. < I have the most apples.
Few, fewer, fewest, little, less and least chart decrease. The first three (in descending order) are used
only with countable plural nouns.
The last three (in descending order) are used only with uncountable nouns.
He has few friends. > He has fewer friends. > He has the fewest friends.
He has little time. > He has less time. > He has the least time.
3. Demonstratives
This, that, these and those are known are demonstratives; they describe the position of an object,
seen from the speaker’s viewpoint.
This and these (used for singular and plural nouns respectively) refer to objects that close by. For
example Whose car is this?
Whose cars are these?
That and those (used for singular and plural nouns respectively) refer to objects that are further
away. The closeness can be physical
or psychological. For example Who lives in that house?
4. Numbers

Numbers are cardinal (one, two, three, etc) and ordinal (first, second, third, etc). Cardinal numbers
are adjectives that indicate quantity
(There are fives apples on the table), and ordinal numbers indicate rank or order (This is the first
time for me on a plane).

The words all, both, half, each, every, either and neither are known as distributives.
All, Both, Half
These three words can be used in the following ways:
All +
uncountable noun
Don Bradman is the greatest batsman of all time.
‘the’ + uncountable noun/countable noun in plural form
We have all the time in the world.
All the people in the hall went quiet.
‘my’, ‘your’, etc + uncountable noun/countable noun in plural form
All my life I have been waiting for this moment.
All you friends have been invited to the party.
‘this’, ‘that’ + uncountable noun/‘these’, ‘those’ + countable noun in plural form
Look at all this dust!
I do not have time for all these formalities.
Both +
‘the’ /‘my’, ‘your’, etc/‘these’, ‘those’ + countable noun in plural form (note: used only when two
objects are being referred to)
Both the dogs have passed away.
Both my ankles have been hurting since I jumped from the balcony.
Both these books must be returned within the week.
Half +
‘a’ + uncountable noun
We bought half a kilo of rice.
‘the’/‘my’, ‘your’, etc/‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’, ‘those’ + noun
Half the village perished in the floods.
I spent half my inheritance on travelling the world.
You may have half (of) this cake.
Only half (of) those points are relevant.
Each, Every, Either, Neither
See articles.
6. Possessives

Possessive pronouns and adjectives indicate who an object belongs to.

The pronouns are
mine (first person: This car is mine = I own this car)
yours (second person: This car is yours = You own this car)
his, hers, and its (third person: This cars is his/hers = He/she owns this car).
The corresponding adjectives are
my
your
his, her, and it
7. Difference words

Other and another are ‘difference words’; they refer to something different, or remaining, or more.
Other is used with singular and plural nouns,
while another is used strictly with singular nouns.
What other colours can I get this in?
Is there another colour that this is available in?
8. Defining words

Which and whose are ‘defining words’; they indicate which thing or person is being referred to.
This is the house which I used to live in as a child.
This is the man whose window you broke.

9. Question words

COLLECTIVE NOUN
Subject
Collective
Noun
alligators congregation
antelope herd
ants army
bike
colony
nest
swarm
apes shrewdness
troop
asses herd
coffle
drove
pace or passe
auks colony
flock
raft
avocets colony
baboons troop
badgers cete
colony
barbels shoal
bats cloud
colony
sleuth or
bears
sloth
beavers colony
family
bees swarm
colony
erst
grist
birds flock
dissimulation
fleet
flight
parcel
pod
volary
bishops bench
bison herd
bitterns sedge or sege
siege
boars (male
herd
pigs)
singular
boars (wild
sounder
boars)
boys blush
buffalo herd
gang
bullfinches bellowing
bullocks drove
bursars cheat
bustards flock
butlers draught
butterflies flight
rabble
capercaillie tok
capons mews
caribou herd
cats clowder
cluster or
clutter
glaring
pounce
cats (wild cats) destruction
caterpillars army
cattle herd
drove
chickens brood
clutch
peep
chattering or
choughs
clattering
civil servants file
drunkenship
cobblers
or drunkship
colts rag
rake
cormorants gulp
cooks hastiness
coots covert
coyotes pack
cranes herd
sedge or sege
crocodiles bask
float
crows murder
curlews herd
deer herd
bunch
mob
parcel
rangale
dogs pack
dogfish troop
dolphins pod
school
team
dotterel trip
doves dole or dule
flight
piteousness
ducks flock
badling
brace
bunch
paddling
plump
raft
skein
sord or sore
string
team
waddling
dunlins fling
eagles convocation
eels bed
swarm
elephants herd
elk gang
ferrets business
busyness
fesnyng
charm or
finches
chirm
fish school
shoal
flamingoes stand
flies business
cloud
swarm
foresters stalk
foxes leash
skulk
frogs army
geese flock
gaggle
plump
skein
team
wedge
giraffes herd
corps
tower
gnats cloud
horde
rabble
swarm
goats flock
herd
tribe
trip or trippe
gods pantheon
goldfinches charm
goosanders dopping
gorillas band
whoop
goshawks flight
grasshoppers cloud
swarm
grouse covey
pack
guineafowl rasp
hares down
drove
flick
husk
hawks boil
cast
kettle
hedgehogs array
herons sedge or sege
siege
hermits observance
hippopotamusesbloat
hogs parcel
horses team
band
haras or
harrase
herd
stable
string
stud
hounds pack
cry
hunt
meet
mute
stable
hyenas cackle
ibex herd
ibises colony
iguanas mess
insects flight
horde
plague
rabble
swarm

jackdaws train
jays band
party
scold
jellyfish fluther
smack
kangaroos mob
troop

deceit or
lapwings
desert
larks bevy
exaltation
leopards leap or lepe
lions pride
sawt
mackerel shoal
magpies congregation
tiding
tittering
mallard brace
flush
puddling
sord
suit or sute
mares stud
richesse or
martens
richness
mice nest
trip
minnows shoal
moles company
labor or labour
monkeys barrel
cartload
tribe
troop
moorhens plump
moose herd
mosquitoes scourge
mudhens fleet
mules barren
pack
rake
span
nightingales watch
nuns superfluity
owls parliament
oxen drove
team
yoke
parrots company
pandemonium
partridges covey
peacocks muster
ostentation
pride
pelicans pod
pheasants bouquet
head
nest
nide
nye
pigs drift
drove
pipers poverty
pigeons kit
plovers congregation
stand
wing
quail bevy
covey
drift
raccoons gaze
ravens unkindness
rhinoceroses crash
rooks building
parliament
salmon bind
draught
run
sandpipers fling
seals herd
pod
rookery
sheep flock
down
drift
drove
herd
hurtle
meinie
mob
parcel
trip
sheldrake dopping
snails escargatoire
rout
walk
snakes bed
den
knot
nest
pit
snipe walk
whisp or wisp
sparrows host
meinie
tribe
cluster or
spiders
clutter
squirrels colony
dray
scurry
starlings chattering
clattering
cloud
congregation
murmuration
stoats pack
trip
storks flight
mustering
phalanx
swallows flight
gulp
swans bank
bevy
drift
eyrar
flight
game
herd
lamentation
sownder
team
wedge
whiting
swifts flock
scream
swine doylt
drift
trip
teal spring
tigers ambush
streak
toads knot
nest
trout hover
turkeys gang
rafter
turtles bale
dole
nest
turtle doves pitying
vipers nest
walruses herd
pod
waterfowl bunch
knob
raft
weasels colony
pack
whales gam
herd
mob
pod
wigeons company
trip
wildfowl bunch
knob
plump
trip
wolves pack
rout or route
woodcocks fall

woodpeckers descent
wrens herd
zebras herd
cohort
zeal

LIST OF PREPOSITION
List of Basic Prepositions
as
at
but
by
down
for
from
in
into
like
near
next
of
off
on
onto
out
over
past
plus
minus
since
than
to
up
with
List of Advanced Prepositions
aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
around
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
during
except
following
inside
minus
onto
opposite
outside
round
since
through
toward
under
underneath
unlike
until
upon
without
according to
along with
alongside
among
apart from
as for
atop
because of
by means of
concerning
despite
except for
in addition to
in back of
in case of
in front of
in place of
in spite of
instead of
on top of
out of
regarding
throughout
till
up to
via
within
worth

LIST OF VERBS
LIST OF VERBS

A abide accelerate

accept accomplish achieve acquire

acted activate adapt add

address administer admire admit

adopt advise afford agree

alert alight allow altered

amuse analyze announce annoy

answer anticipate apologize appear

applaud applied appoint appraise

appreciate approve arbitrate argue

arise arrange arrest arrive

ascertain ask assemble assess

assist assure attach attack

attain attempt attend attract

audited avoid awake

B back bake

balance ban bang bare

bat bathe battle be

beam bear beat become

beg begin behave behold

belong bend beset bet

bid bind bite bleach

bleed bless blind blink

blot blow blush boast

boil bolt bomb book

bore borrow bounce bow

box brake branch break

breathe breed brief bring

broadcast bruise brush bubble

budget build bump

C calculate call

camp care carry carve

cast catalog catch cause

challenge change charge chart

chase cheat check cheer

chew choke choose chop

claim clap clarify classify

clean clear cling clip

close clothe coach coil

collect color comb come

command communicate compare compete

compile complain complete compose

compute conceive concentrate conceptualize

concern conclude conduct confess

confront confuse connect conserve

consider consist consolidate construct

consult contain continue contract

control convert coordinate copy

correct correlate cost cough

counsel count cover crack

crash crawl create creep

critique cross crush cry

cure curl curve cut

cycle

D dam damage

dance dare deal decay

deceive decide decorate define

delay delegate delight deliver

demonstrate depend describe desert

deserve design destroy detail

detect determine develop devise

diagnose dig direct disagree

disappear disapprove disarm discover

dislike dispense display disprove

dissect distribute dive divert

divide do double doubt

draft drag drain dramatize

draw dream dress drink

drip drive drop drown

drum dry dust dwell

E earn eat

edited educate eliminate embarrass

employ empty enacted encourage

end endure enforce engineer

enhance enjoy enlist ensure

enter entertain escape establish

estimate evaluate examine exceed

excite excuse execute exercise

exhibit exist expand expect

expedite experiment explain explode

express extend extract

F face facilitate

fade fail fancy fasten

fax fear feed feel

fence fetch fight file

fill film finalize finance

find fire fit fix

flap flash flee fling

float flood flow flower

fly fold follow fool

forbid force forecast forego

foresee foretell forget

G gather gaze

generate get give glow

glue go govern grab

graduate grate grease greet

grin grind grip groan

grow guarantee guard guess

guide

H hammer hand

handle handwrite hang happen

harass harm hate haunt

head heal heap hear

heat help hide hit

hold hook hop hope

hover hug hum hunt

hurry hurt hypothesize

I identify ignore

illustrate imagine implement impress

improve improvise include increase

induce influence inform initiate

inject injure inlay innovate

input inspect inspire install

institute instruct insure integrate

intend intensify interest interfere

interlay interpret interrupt interview

introduce invent inventory investigate

invite irritate

J jail jam

jog join joke judge

juggle jump justify

K keep

kept kick kill kiss

kneel knit knock

L label land

last laugh launch lay

lead lean leap learn

leave lecture led lend

let level license lick

lie lifted light lighten

like list listen live

load locate lock log

long look lose love

M maintain make

man manage manipulate manufacture

map march mark market

marry match mate matter

mean measure meddle mediate

meet melt melt memorize

mend mentor milk mine

mislead miss misspell mistake

misunderstand mix moan model

modify monitor moor motivate

mourn move mow muddle

mug multiply murder

N nail name

navigate need negotiate nest

nod nominate normalize note

notice number

O obey object

observe obtain occur offend

offer officiate open operate

order organize oriented originate

overcome overdo overdraw overflow

overhear overtake overthrow owe

own

P pack paddle
paint park part participate

pass paste pat pause

pay peck pedal peel

peep perceive perfect perform

permit persuade phone photograph

pick pilot pinch pine

pinpoint pioneer place plan

plant play plead please

plug point poke polish

pop possess post pour

practice praised pray preach

precede predict prefer prepare

prescribe present preserve preset

preside press pretend prevent

prick print process procure

produce profess program progress

project promise promote proofread

propose protect prove provide

publicize pull pump punch

puncture punish purchase push

put

Q qualify question

queue quit

R race radiate

rain raise rank rate

reach read realign realize

reason receive recognize recommend

reconcile record recruit reduce

refer reflect refuse regret

regulate rehabilitate reign reinforce

reject rejoice relate relax

release rely remain remember

remind remove render reorganize

repair repeat replace reply

report represent reproduce request

rescue research resolve respond

restored restructure retire retrieve

return review revise rhyme

rid ride ring rinse

rise risk rob rock

roll rot rub ruin

rule run rush

S sack sail

satisfy save saw say

scare scatter schedule scold

scorch scrape scratch scream

screw scribble scrub seal

search secure see seek

select sell send sense

separate serve service set

settle sew shade shake

shape share shave shear

shed shelter shine shiver

shock shoe shoot shop

show shrink shrug shut

sigh sign signal simplify

sin sing sink sip

sit sketch ski skip

slap slay sleep slide

sling slink slip slit

slow smash smell smile

smite smoke snatch sneak

sneeze sniff snore snow

soak solve soothe soothsay

sort sound sow spare

spark sparkle speak specify

speed spell spend spill

spin spit split spoil

spot spray spread spring

sprout squash squeak squeal

squeeze stain stamp stand

stare start stay steal

steer step stick stimulate

sting stink stir stitch

stop store strap streamline

strengthen stretch stride strike

string strip strive stroke

structure study stuff sublet

subtract succeed suck suffer

suggest suit summarize supervise

supply support suppose surprise

surround suspect suspend swear

sweat sweep swell swim

swing switch symbolize synthesize

systemize

T tabulate take

talk tame tap target

taste teach tear tease

telephone tell tempt terrify

test thank thaw think

thrive throw thrust tick

tickle tie time tip

tire touch tour tow

trace trade train transcribe

transfer transform translate transport

trap travel tread treat

tremble trick trip trot

trouble troubleshoot trust try

tug tumble turn tutor

twist type
U undergo understand

undertake undress unfasten unify

unite unlock unpack untidy

update upgrade uphold upset

use utilize

V vanish verbalize

verify vex visit

W wail wait

wake walk wander want

warm warn wash waste

watch water wave wear

weave wed weep weigh

welcome wend wet whine

whip whirl whisper whistle

win wind wink wipe

wish withdraw withhold withstand

wobble wonder work worry

wrap wreck wrestle wriggle

wring write

X-Y-Z x-ray

yawn yell

zip zoom

LIST OF COMMON PRONOUNS

LIST OF COMMON PRONOUNS

A I S
all I several
another it she
any its some
anybody itself somebody
anyone someone
anything something
L
little
B T
both that
M their
many theirs
E me them
each mine themselves
each other more these
either most they
everybody much this
everyone my those
everything myself

N U
F neither us
few no one
nobody W
none we
H nothing what
he whatever
her which
hers O whichever
herself one who
him one another whoever
himself other whom
his others whomever
our whose
ours
ourselves Y
you
your
yours
yourself
yourselves