Chemical Engineering Review:

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1. When ionic hydrides react with water, the 7. A solution is prepared by mixing 25.0 mL 0f 6.0
products are: M HCl with 45.0 mL of 3.0 M HNO3. What is the
a. Acidic solutions and hydrogen gas [H+] in the resulting solution?
b. Acidic solutions and oxygen gas a. 1.9 M
c. Basic solutions and hydrogen gas b. 2.1 M
d. Basic solutions and oxygen gas c. 4.1 M
d. 4.5 M
2. The pH value at equivalence point when titrating
a weak acid against a strong base is 8. What is the pH of the solution formed by mixing
a. Exactly 7.0 25.0 mL of a 0.15 M solution of NH3 with 25.0 mL
b. Greater than 7.0 of 0.12 M HCl? (Kb for NH3 = 1.8 x 10-5)
c. Less than 7.0 a. 4.14
d. Depends on concentration of titrant b. 5.34
c. 8.65
3. What is the equilibrium constant expression, 𝐾𝑝 , d. 9.86
for the reaction
𝑃4 (𝑠) + 6𝐶𝑙2 (𝑔) ⇌ 4𝑃𝐶𝑙3 (𝑔) 9. Which base is most suitable to prepare a buffer
4𝑃𝑃𝐶𝑙3 solution with a pH = 11.00?
a. ⁄6𝑃
𝑃𝐶𝑙3 ∙ 𝑃𝐶𝑙2 a. Ammonia (Kb = 1.8 x 10-5)
4𝑃𝑃𝐶𝑙3 b. Aniline (Kb = 4.0 x 10-10)
b. ⁄6𝑃
𝐶𝑙2 c. Methylamine (Kb = 4.4 x 10-4)
𝑃𝑃𝐶𝑙3 d. Pyridine (Kb = 1.7 x 10-9)
c. ⁄
𝑃𝑃4 ∙ 𝑃𝐶𝑙2 6
𝑃𝑃𝐶𝑙3 4 10. What is the [OH– ] of a 0.65 M solution of NaOCl?
d. ⁄ 6 Ka of HOCl is 2.8 x 10-8
𝑃𝐶𝑙2
a. 4.8 x 10-4 M
4. The acid-base indicator methyl red has a 𝐾𝑎 = b. 1.3 x 10-4 M
1 𝑥 10−5. Its acidic form is red while its alkaline c. 3.5 x 10-7 M
form is yellow. If methyl red is added to a d. 2.1 x 10-11 M
colorless solution with a pH = 7, the color will be?
a. Pink 11. What is the concentration of a solution of K2CO3
b. Red that has pH = 11.90? (For H2CO3, Ka1 = 4.2 x 10-
7, K -11
a2 = 4.8 x 10 )
c. Orange
a. 3.0 x 10 M -1
d. Yellow
b. 2.6 x 10-2 M
5. What is the 𝐾𝑏 of a weak base that produces one c. 7.9 x 10-3 M
OH- per molecule if a 0.050 M solution is 2.5% d. 1.3 x 10-12 M
ionized?
a. 7.8 x 10-8 12. What is the conjugate acid of HPO42-?
b. 1.6 x 10-6 a. H3PO4 (aq)
c. 3.2 x 10-5 b. H2PO4– (aq)
d. 1.2 x 10-3 c. H3O+ (aq)
d. PO43–(aq)
6. A 0.200 g sample of benzoic acid is titrated with
a 0.120 M Ba(OH)2 solution. What volume of the 13. Which salt produces the most alkaline solution at
Ba(OH)2 solution is required to reach the a concentration of 0.1 M?
equivalence point? a. KNO3
a. 6.82 mL b. MgCl2
b. 13.6 mL c. NH4Cl
c. 17.6 mL d. NaNO2
d. 35.2 mL
14. Calcium Oxalate, CaC2O4, dissolves to the extent
of 0.67 mg/L. What is its Ksp?

Engr. Ronnie V. Flores Page 1|4

rhon_flores@yahoo.com
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY:
a. 6.7 x 10-4
b. 4.5 x 10-7
c. 2.7 x 10-11
d. 5.7 x 10-16
15. Silver ions are added to a solution with [Br-] = [Cl-
] = [CO32-]=[AsO43-] = 0.1 M. Which compound
will precipitate at the lowest [Ag+]?
a. AgBr (Ksp = 5.0 x 10-13)
b. AgCl (Ksp = 1.8 x 10-10)
c. Ag2CO3 (Ksp = 8.1 x 10-12)
d. Ag3AsO4 (Ksp = 1.0 x 10-22)
16. Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in a
0.0100 M sodium hypochlorite solution.
17. Dilute NaOH is introduced into a solution that is
0.050 M in Cu2+ and 0.040 M in Mn2+. (A) Which
hydroxide precipitates first? (B) What OH-
concentration is needed to initiate the
precipitation of the first hydroxide? (C) What is
the concentration of the cation forming the less
soluble hydroxide when the more soluble
hydroxide begins to form?
18. [CHE BP JANUARY 1974] In the process for
neutralization of Na2CO3 with HCl, the amount of
0.1 N HCl used is 35 mL per 100 mL of Na2CO3
solution. (A) Write the reaction involved in the
neutralization process. (B) What amount of HCl
will be necessary to reach the endpoint of the first
reaction? (C) What will you suggest to use as
indicator for the process? (D) Calculate the
concentration in g/mL of the Na2CO3 solution.
19. A 0.052 M solution of benzoic acid, C6H5COOH,
is titrated with a strong base. What is the [H+] of
the solution one half way to the equivalence
point? Ka = 6.3 x 10-5.
a. 6.3 x 10-5 M
b. 1.8 x 10-3 M
c. 7.9 x 10-3 M
d. 2.6 x 10-2 M
20. [CHE Board Exam November 1989] A 50.0 mL
sample of a 1.00 M solution of diprotic acid H2A
(KA1 = 1.0 x 10-6, KA2 =1.0 x 10-10) is titrated with
2.00 M NaOH. What is the minimum volume of
2.00 M NaOH needed to reach a pH of 10.0?
21. If NH4OH at 25 °C is 0.95% ionized in 0.20 M
solution, what is its ionization constant and what
is its percentage ionization in 0.50 M solution?
What is the numerical difference between the pH
values of the two solutions? How many grams of
Mg2+ could remain dissolved at 25 °C in 100 mL
of a solution, 0.50 M in NH4OH? Solubility
product of Mg(OH)2 at 25 °C is 3.4 x 10-11. If to a
0.10 M solution of NH4OH are added sufficient
NH4Cl to make a total ammonium ion
concentration of 0.80 M, what would be the
hydroxyl ion concentration? How many grams of
Mg2+ could remain dissolved in 100 mL of such a
solution? Calculate the molar solubility of
Mg(OH)2 in water at 25 °C.
22. A certain organic base of the general formula
ROH serves as an indicator in a neutralization
titration. Its change of color is found to take place
when it is one-quarter converted to the ionic form.
At this point the pH value of the solution is 5.6.
What is the ionization constant of the indicator?
23. The amount of sodium hydrogen carbonate,
NaHCO3, in an antacid tablet is to be determined
by dissolving the tablet in water and titrating the
resulting solution with hydrochloric acid. Which
indicator is the most appropriate for this titration?
Ka for H2CO3 = 2.5 x 10-4; Ka for HCO3– = 2.4x10-
8
a. Methyl orange, pKin = 3.7
b. Bromothymol blue, pKin = 7.0
c. Phenolphthalein, pKin = 9.3
d. Alizarin yellow, pKin = 12.5
24. [CHE BP NOVEMBER 1989] Free phosphoric
acid can be determined in fertilizer by dissolving
the sample in water, filtering the residue and
titrating the phosphoric acid with standard base.
A 0.8865 g sample of fertilizer treated as
indicated, required 16.62 mL of 0.1503 M NaOH
for titration. Calculate the % P2O5 in the sample.
25. A buffer solution is prepared from 1 L of 0.05 M
CH3COOH (𝐾𝑎 = 1.8 𝑥 10−5 ) and 2.50 g sodium
acetate, Na(CH3COO). (A) What is the pH of the
solution? (B) 1.00 mL of a 1.00 M solution of
hydrochloric acid is added to the buffer. Write an
equation for the major reaction that takes place,
and calculate the pH after the addition. (C)
Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide that
would need to be added to 1 L of 0.05 M
CH3COOH to produce a solution with the same
pH as the original buffer. (D) Suppose that the
buffer had been made with 1.00 L of 0.05 M
chloroacetic acid, ClCH2COOH, and 2.5 g
sodium chloroacetate, Na(ClCH2COO).
Compared to the original buffer, would this buffer
have a lower pH, a higher pH, or the same pH, or
can one not draw a qualitative information about
the Ka of ClCH2COOH?
26. What is the pH of a solution that results from
adding 25.0 mL of 0.0500 M NaOH to 25.0 mL of
0.100 M lactic acid (Ka = 1.4 x 10-4)?
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY:
27. Determine the percentage of total acid expressed
as acetic acid in a sample of vinegar if 3 g of the
vinegar requires 20.50 mL of 0.1150 N KOH
solution for an end point with phenolphthalein
indicator.
28. [CHE BP MAY 1983] A sample weighing 0.6234
g that might contain a mixture of NaOH + Na2CO3
or Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 is titrated with 0.1062 M
HCl by the two indicator method. With
phenolphthalein end point, 40.30 mL of acid was
used. The titration is continued after adding
methyl orange, and an additional 12.82 mL of
acid was used. (A) Identify the mixture of bases
in the sample. (B) Calculate the % of each base
in the sample.
29. [CHE BP MAY 1980] A 0.5 g sample of iron oxide
(Fe2O3 with inert materials) was dissolved in
sulfuric acid and completely reduced and titrated
with 13.3 mL of KMnO4 (1.00 mL of KMnO4 =
0.01260 g of H2C2O4∙2H2O). What is the %
Fe2O3 in the sample?
30. Which experimental procedure is best suited to
determine the H2O2 concentration in an aqueous
solution?
a. Precipitation with standard MgCl2 solution
b. Reaction with excess Zn to form H2
c. Titration with standard H2SO4
d. Titration with standard KMnO4
31. Acidified solutions of dichromate ion, Cr2O72–,
oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+, forming Cr3+ in the process.
What volume of 0.175 M K2Cr2O7 in mL is
required to oxidize 60.0 mL of 0.250 M FeSO4?
a. 14.3
b. 28.6
c. 42.9
d. 85.7
32. A solution of which can best be used as both
titrant and its own indicator in an oxidation-
reduction titration?
a. I2
b. NaOCl
c. K2Cr2O7
d. KMnO4
33. The equilibrium constant for the reaction
𝐹𝑒 3+ (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑆𝐶𝑁 − (𝑎𝑞) ⇌ 𝐹𝑒𝑆𝐶𝑁 2+ (𝑎𝑞)
can best be determined by means of
a. Chromatography
b. Conductance
c. Ion exchange
d. Spectrophotometry
34. The active ingredient in commercial bleach is
sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, which can be
determined by iodometric analysis as indicated in
these equations:
𝑂𝐶𝑙 − + 2𝐻+ + 2𝐼− ⟶ 𝐼2 + 𝐶𝑙− + 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐼2 + 2𝑆2 𝑂3 2− ⟶ 𝑆4 𝑂6 2− + 2𝐼 −
If 1.356 g of a bleach sample requires 19.50 mL
of 0.100 M Na2S2O3 solution, what is the
percentage by mass of NaOCl in the bleach?
a. 2.68 %
b. 3.70 %
c. 5.35 %
d. 10.7 %
35. Most salt is iodized by fortification with potassium
iodate. Iodate content can be determined in salt
using iodometric titration. 10.00 g sample of
iodized salt is dissolved in 100 mL of 1.00 M HCl
to which 1 g KI has been added. The solution is
then titrated with 0.00235 M aqueous sodium
thiosulfate solution to a starch end point and
requires 7.5 mL of the titrant. Calculate the
iodization level, in ppm, of the salt sample.
36. In an experiment to determine the empirical
formula of magnesium oxide, a student weighs
an empty crucible then adds a strip of
magnesium metal and reweighs the crucible. The
crucible and magnesium are heated with a burner
flame, which ignites the magnesium and forms a
gray-white solid. After cooling, the crucible and
solid are reweighed and the data are analyzed to
give an empirical formula of Mg5O4. Which could
account for the observed Mg5O4 result rather than
the expected MgO?
a. Some of the magnesium reacts with
atmospheric nitrogen to produce magnesium
nitride.
b. A mixture of magnesium oxide and
magnesium peroxide forms during
combustion.
c. The piece of magnesium ribbon is shorter
than recommended in the procedure.
d. The crucible and magnesium are heated
longer than recommended in the procedure
37. Calamine which is used for relief of skin
irritations, is a mixture of zinc and iron oxides. A
1.056 g sample of dried calamine was dissolved
in acid and diluted to 250 mL. Potassium fluoride
was added to a 10.00 mL aliquot of the diluted
solution to mask the iron; after suitable
adjustment of the pH, Zn2+ consumed 38.37 mL
of 0.01133 M EDTA. A second 50.00 mL aliquot
was suitably buffered and titrated with 2.30 mL of
0.002647 M ZnY2- solution:
𝐹𝑒 3+ + 𝑍𝑛𝑌 2− ⟶ 𝐹𝑒𝑌 − + 𝑍𝑛2+
Calculate the percentages of ZnO and Fe2O3 in
the sample.
38. [CHE BP MAY 1980] A 0.5 gram sample of shale
(SiO2, Al2O3 and inert) is dissolved in sulfuric
acid. The residue is filtered, washed, ignited and
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY:

weighed. The filtrate is treated with NH4Cl and
heated to boiling. NH4OH and bromine water is
added to precipitate the contents of the filtrate.
The second precipitate is washed and ignited.
The first ignition weighed 0.3 gram and the
second weighed 0.125 gram. Calculate the % of
SiO2 and Al2O3 in the sample.
39. A solution X contains two weak monoprotic acids:
HA with the acid dissociation constant of KHA =
1.74 x 10-7, and HB with the acid dissociation
constant of KHB = 1.34 x 10-7. The solution has
a pH of 3.75. Titration of 100 mL solution X
requires 100 mL of 0.220 M NaOH solution for
the completion. Calculate the initial
concentration of each acid in the solution. Adding
large amounts of distilled water to solution X
gives a very dilute solution where the total
concentrations of the acids are close to zero.
Calculate the percentage of dissociation of each
acid in this dilute solution.
40. Glycolic Acid, a constituent of sugar cane juice,
is used in the processing of textiles and leathers.
A 0.10 M solution of glycolic acid, HOCH2COOH,
has a pH of 2.41. What is the Ka for the acid?
What is the degree of ionization in the 0.10 M
solution?
41. How many millimoles of K2HPO4 must be added
contained 10.0% KCl, what volume of the AgNO3
would be required to precipitate the cyanide and
chloride completely?
46. Neohetramine, C16H21ON4 (285.37 g/mol), is a
common anti-histamine. A 0.1247 g sample
containing this compound was analyzed by the
Kjeldahl method. The ammonia produced was
collected in H3BO3; the resulting H2BO3- was
titrated with 26.13 mL of 0.01477 M HCl.
Calculate the percentage of neohetramine in the
sample.
47. A sample of oxide of lead (oxide A) weighing
4.784 g is heated to drive off oxygen to form
oxide B weighing 4.5704 g. Further heating at
high temperature removes more oxygen to give
oxide C weighing 4.4639 g and containing 92.8
% lead. Determine the empirical formula of oxide
A, oxide B and oxide C.
48. A sample solution with a volume of 1 dm3 was
acidified with a sufficient amount of sulfuric acid,
and chloride ions were removed by the addition
of silver nitrate solution. A volume of 0.1 dm 3 of
KMnO4 (c = 5 x 10-3 mol/dm3) was added to the
sample solution, and the mixture was heated for
30 minutes. Further, a volume of 0.1 dm 3 of
disodium oxalate standard solution (c = 1.25 x 10-
2 mol/dm3) was added, and the mixture was

to 100 mL of a 0.10 M KH2PO4 solution to have
a buffer with pH of 7.00 (Ka2 = 5.0 x 10-8)?
42. A 0.4755 g sample containing (NH4)2C2O4 and
inert materials was dissolved in H2O and made
strongly alkaline with KOH, which converted
NH4+ to NH3. The liberated NH3 was distilled into
50.0 mL of 0.05035 M H2SO4. The excess H2SO4
was back-titrated with 11.3 mL of 0.1214 M
NaOH. Calculate the % N in the sample.
Calculate the % (NH4)2C2O4 in the sample.
49.
43. [CHE BP November 1987] A 5.82 g Philippine
silver coin is dissolved in nitric acid. When
hydrochloric acid is added to the solution, all the
solver is precipitated as AgCl. The AgCl
precipitate weighs 7.02 g. What is the % of silver
in the coin?
44. A sample consists of 80.0% KCN, 15% KCl and
5.0% inert salts. A 0.500 g sample would require
what volume of 0.100 M AgNO3 for titration to a
permanent turbidity? If 80.00 mL more of the
50.
AgNO3 were then added, what volume of 0.200
M KCNS would be required to complete the
titration to a red color ferric indicator?
45. A sample containing KCN weighs 0.400 g and
51.
requires 16.00 mL of 0.125 N AgNO3 to obtain a
faint permanent turbidity. What is the percentage
of KCN in the sample? If the sample also
stirred well. Oxalate ions that remained
unreacted were titrated with the same KMnO4
solution. A volume of 3 x 10-2 dm3 of the solution
was used for the titration. Give the redox reaction
of potassium permanganate and disodium
oxalate. Calculate the mass of O2 in mg that will
oxidize the same number of moles of oxidizable
substance as 1 x 10-3 dm3 of potassium
permanganate solution. Calculate the COD
(mg/dm3) of the sample solution.
7.348 g sample contains KCl and Fe(NO3)3 and
other inert material is titrated with 0.126 M AgNO3
requiring 25.80 mL according to the reaction
𝐴𝑔 + + 𝐶𝑙 − ⇌ 𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙. 50.0 mL of 0.100 M K2Cr2O4
was added in excess to a 3.674 g sample of the
same material ( 2𝐹𝑒 3+ + 3𝐶𝑟2 𝑂4 2− ⟶ 2𝐹𝑒 +
6𝑂2 ). The excess Cr2O42- was titrated by 0.07332
M KMnO4 requiring 5.245 mL (16𝐻+ + 2𝑀𝑛𝑂4 − +
5𝐶𝑟2 𝑂4 2− ⟶ 2𝑀𝑛3+ + 10𝐶𝑂2 + 8𝐻2 𝑂 ).
Calculate the % of KCl and Fe(NO3)3 in the
sample.
It is found that 27.55 mL of 0.02020 M KMnO4 are
required to titrate the H2O2 in a 2.055 g sample.
What is the % by weight of H2O2 in the sample?
Show the balanced reaction.
Titration of 0.2121 g of pure Na2C2O4 required
43.31 mL of KMnO4. What is the molarity of the
KMnO4 solution?