IA0125 – AERODINÁMICA SUPERSÓNICA

GRUPO: 240
Jefferson Manuel Medina Cáceres
Email: jmmedinac@libertadores.edu.co
Stivent Alfonso Santiago Montaño
Email: sasantiagom@libertadores.edu.co

SUMMARY.
In this laboratory the behavior of the altitude is analyzed with respect to the Temperature, Pressure,
Density and Speed of the sound that appears as it increases. In addition, it will be possible to see
the graphs made with interpolated values of the aforementioned factors, taking as reference the
altitudes that are between 60 meters and 85060 meters of altitude. Also, with the data already
found, they will be verified and plotted to analyze in detail each graph of "h vs T", "h vs P", "h vs d",
"h vs a" where h (altitude), T (temperature ), P (pressure), d (air density), a (speed of sound).

1. Metodology
Given the values of the altitude from 60 meters to 85060 meters (those are values
that are not found in the tables of the US Standard Atmosphere of 1976 and
therefore much less the Temperature, pressure, density and speed of sound at
those given altitudes. Then, in an Excel book, the data of the altitudes given by the
teacher were written and in subsequent columns the values of T, P, d, a
respectively, which were found using an interpolation equation adapted to the logic
of the Excel program. (Table 1).

Posición Altitud Temperatura Presion Densidad

X0
X #¡DIV/0! #¡DIV/0! #¡DIV/0!
X1
Tabla 1.

Where the squares in olive green, belong to the data of the tables between which
is the one of the corresponding altitude. Doing the same procedure of writing the
data for each starting altitude of 60 meters up to 8560 meters.
Once the missing data is found, complete the columns of T, P, d, and a
respectively (table 2), so you proceed to make the graph of each of the
components with respect to the same h. It should be noted that the value of a was
found later also with an Excel formula different from that of the interpolation, due to
the way in which it is expressed mathematically (form 1)

Densidad(Kg*m^-
h (m) Temperatura (k) Presion (Pa) 3) a (m/s)
60 287.760 1.01E+05 1.22E+00 340.03
1060 281.260 8.92E+04 1.11E+00 336.17

1
 2060 274.760 7.89E+04 1.00E+00 332.26
3060 268.260 6.96E+04 9.04E-01 328.31
4060 261.760 6.12E+04 8.14E-01 324.31
5060 255.260 5.36E+04 7.31E-01 320.26
6060 248.760 4.68E+04 6.55E-01 316.15
7060 242.260 4.07E+04 5.85E-01 311.99
8060 235.760 3.53E+04 5.21E-01 307.78
9060 229.260 3.05E+04 4.63E-01 303.51
10060 222.760 2.62E+04 4.10E-01 299.17
11060 216.650 2.24E+04 3.60E-01 295.04
12060 216.650 1.91E+04 3.08E-01 295.04
13060 216.650 1.64E+04 2.63E-01 295.04
14060 216.650 1.40E+04 2.25E-01 295.04
15060 216.650 1.19E+04 1.92E-01 295.04
16060 216.650 1.02E+04 1.64E-01 295.04
17060 216.650 8.70E+03 1.40E-01 295.04
18060 216.650 7.43E+03 1.20E-01 295.04
19060 216.650 6.35E+03 1.02E-01 295.04
20060 216.710 5.42E+03 8.72E-02 295.08
21060 217.710 4.63E+03 7.42E-02 295.76
22060 218.710 3.96E+03 6.31E-02 296.44
23060 219.710 3.39E+03 5.38E-02 297.12
24060 220.710 2.90E+03 4.58E-02 297.79
25060 221.710 2.49E+03 3.91E-02 298.47
26060 222.710 2.13E+03 3.34E-02 299.14
27060 223.710 1.83E+03 2.85E-02 299.81
28060 224.710 1.57E+03 2.44E-02 300.48
29060 225.710 1.35E+03 2.08E-02 301.15
30060 226.710 1.16E+03 1.78E-02 301.81
31060 227.710 9.99E+02 1.53E-02 302.48
32060 228.818 8.60E+02 1.31E-02 303.21
33060 231.618 7.42E+02 1.12E-02 305.06
34060 234.418 6.40E+02 9.52E-03 306.90
35060 237.218 5.54E+02 8.14E-03 308.73
36060 240.018 4.80E+02 6.97E-03 310.55
37060 242.818 4.17E+02 5.98E-03 312.35
38060 245.618 3.62E+02 5.14E-03 314.15
39060 248.418 3.16E+02 4.43E-03 315.93
40060 251.218 2.75E+02 3.82E-03 317.71
41060 254.018 2.40E+02 3.30E-03 319.48
42060 256.818 2.10E+02 2.85E-03 321.23

2
43060 259.618 1.84E+02 2.47E-03 322.98
44060 262.418 1.62E+02 2.15E-03 324.71
45060 265.218 1.42E+02 1.87E-03 326.44
46060 268.018 1.25E+02 1.62E-03 328.16
47060 270.650 1.10E+02 1.42E-03 329.77
48060 270.650 9.70E+01 1.25E-03 329.77
49060 270.650 8.55E+01 1.10E-03 329.77
50060 270.650 7.54E+01 9.70E-04 329.77
51060 270.482 6.64E+01 8.56E-04 329.67
52060 267.682 5.85E+01 7.61E-04 327.96
53060 264.882 5.15E+01 6.77E-04 326.24
54060 262.082 4.52E+01 6.01E-04 324.51
55060 259.282 3.97E+01 5.33E-04 322.77
56060 256.482 3.47E+01 4.72E-04 321.02
57060 253.682 3.04E+01 4.17E-04 319.26
58060 250.882 2.65E+01 3.68E-04 317.50
59060 248.082 2.31E+01 3.25E-04 315.72
60060 245.282 2.01E+01 2.86E-04 313.93
61060 242.482 1.75E+01 2.52E-04 312.14
62060 239.682 1.52E+01 2.21E-04 310.33
63060 236.882 1.32E+01 1.94E-04 308.51
64060 234.082 1.14E+01 1.70E-04 306.68
65060 231.282 9.83E+00 1.48E-04 304.84
66060 228.482 8.48E+00 1.29E-04 302.99
67060 225.682 7.29E+00 1.13E-04 301.13
68060 222.882 6.26E+00 9.79E-05 299.26
69060 220.082 5.37E+00 8.50E-05 297.37
70060 217.282 4.59E+00 7.36E-05 295.47
71060 214.530 3.92E+00 6.36E-05 293.60
72060 212.530 3.34E+00 5.47E-05 292.22
73060 210.530 2.84E+00 4.70E-05 290.85
74060 208.530 2.41E+00 4.03E-05 289.46
75060 206.530 2.05E+00 3.45E-05 288.07
76060 204.530 1.74E+00 2.95E-05 286.67
77060 202.530 1.47E+00 2.52E-05 285.27
78060 200.530 1.24E+00 2.15E-05 283.85
79060 198.530 1.04E+00 1.83E-05 282.43
80060 196.530 8.77E-01 1.55E-05 281.01
81060 194.530 7.36E-01 1.32E-05 279.57
82060 192.530 6.17E-01 1.12E-05 278.13
83060 190.530 5.16E-01 9.44E-06 276.69

3
 84060 188.530 4.31E-01 7.97E-06 275.23
85060 186.946 3.59E-01 6.70E-06 274.07
Tabla 2.

𝛼 = √𝛾𝑅𝑇
Fórmula 1.

α = Speed of sound
γ = Adiabatic constant
R = Specific gas constant
T = Temperature at reference altitude
Also to be clear the analysis in the graphs it was necessary to annex the different
layers and the ranges in meters to which they are, to refer to these layers and
simplify the analysis.
The reference layers are:
 the Troposphere - ranging 0 to 11000 m (36.000 ft) altitude
 the Stratosphere - ranging 11000 to to 51000 m (167.000 ft) altitude
 the Mesosphere - ranging 51000 to 71000 m (232.000 ft) altitude
 the Ionosphere - ranging above 71000 m (above 232.000 ft) altitude
 transition zones - between layer and layer, named after the first two
syllables of each layer added the suffix "pause". Example with the first layer:
tropo-pause.

4
 2. Analysis of the graphs

Graph 1

h (m) Vs T (K)
90000
80000
70000
60000
H (M))

50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
170.000 190.000 210.000 230.000 250.000 270.000 290.000 310.000
T (K)

In this, which is the graph 1 of h (altitude) vs T (temperature) it is observed that in

the altitude that comprises the troposphere from 0 to approximately 11000m the
temperature gradually decreases and when this layer ends a sky lapse

5
(tropopause) ) in which the temperature becomes constant. We resume in the
stratosphere and, we see that as the altitude continues to increase the temperature
takes part in increasing also, since it starts this layer until it ends at approximately
51000m; it stabilizes in a small layer of sky again (stratopause). Then, in the
mesosphere that goes from 51000m to 71000m it begins to diminish
circumstantially and continues to decrease even in the thermosphere as it
approaches outer space.
Graph 2

h (m) Vs P (Pa)
90000
80000
70000
60000
H (M))

50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0.00E+00 2.00E+04 4.00E+04 6.00E+04 8.00E+04 1.00E+05 1.20E+05
P (PA)

In the graph 2 of h (altitude) vs P (pressure) it is observed that as the height

increases the pressure decreases this is clearly seen in the graph; It is a
DECRECIENT function in all its domain since, as the altitude increases, the
atmospheric pressure decreases. Atmospheric pressure decreases with
increasing height above sea level.

6
 Gráph 3

h (m) Vs ρ ( Kg*m-3)
90000
80000
70000
60000
H (M))

50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0.00E+00 2.00E-01 4.00E-01 6.00E-01 8.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.20E+00 1.40E+00
Ρ ( KG*M-3)

In the same way it is seen in this graph that the pressure in the atmosphere
is not the same everywhere. Fundamentally depends on the height, being
higher the closer to the sea level we are. This is because the atmospheric
pressure depends on the weight of the air that is left over. The higher the
height, the less air is left above our heads, which therefore weighs less and
exerts less pressure
Gráph 4

h (m) Vs a (m/s)
90000
80000
70000
60000
H (M))

50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
270.00 280.00 290.00 300.00 310.00 320.00 330.00 340.00 350.00
A (M/S)

7
In this, which is the graph 4 of h (altitude) vs a (velocity in m / s) it is observed that
the speed of sound varies depending on the medium in which it is transmitted.
Since the speed of sound varies according to the medium, the Mach 1 number is
used to indicate it. Thus a body that moves in the air at Mach 2 advances at twice
the speed of sound, regardless of the air pressure or its temperature. In this case,
the comparison is made with the height as the different isothermal layers change.