LITERATURE REVIEW

(Kumar, Ranjan, & Radhakrishnan, 2015) proposed an enhanced energy efficient distributed
protocol for heterogeneous network for maximizing the lifetime of the network. An algorithm
based on flow chart is being developed which includes clustering equations. WSN is being
implemented and tested using certain parameters which includes cluster heads per round,
number of alive nodes and network lifetime which are set to measure the throughput of the
system and the proposed system improves the lifetime of cluster head and stability period.

Multi hop energy efficient clustering and data aggregation protocol for heterogeneous
wireless sensor network is proposed by (Kumar, Prateek, Ahuja, & Bhushan, 2014) for
optimizing the energy consumption of the network by using combining the multi hop
communication and clustering. The sensor nodes are randomly deployed and a sleep state and
three level hierarchies are introduced in the system for increasing the energy efficiency. It
selects the cluster head on the basis of residual energy whereas the advance and super node
act as a medium for transferring the data of normal cluster heads when they are not
performing the duty of themselves being a cluster head. For the analysis of result, M-EECDA
is compared with EECDA and the simulation result shows that it is better than the EECDA
approach.

A Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol based routing protocol and
an energy efficient hierarchical routing protocol developed from LEACH is being proposed
by (Sharma & Choudhary, 2014) . For optimizing and conserving the energy, the goal is to
keep the distance of radio communication as less as possible. It uses multi-level clustering
approach for heterogeneous networks which is based on the distance between the sink and the
sensor nodes. The proposed algorithm is implemented using MATLAB and the results
compared with homogeneous LEACH shows that the improved version of LEACH is better.

(Israr & Awan, 2008) has presented an algorithm based on the extension of LEACH routing
protocol. It replaces the direct communication between the cluster head and the sink with
multi hops using some other nodes from the clusters. There are two phases, setup phase in
which the cluster head us selected on the basis of probability and the steady phase in which
the data is being transferred using TDMA based scheduling. CSMA MAC protocol is being
used in this system. Different parameters like MAC layer transmission technique and the
cluster size are used to analyze the performance. Studies show that the proposed algorithm is
much efficient of energy consumption and connectivity of the network.

Data gathering is a major task in wireless sensor networks. An approach for effective data
gathering for heterogeneous energy WSN (EDGA) is proposed by (Mao, Liu, Zhang, & Li,
2009) to minimize the energy consumption and increase the lifetime of the network
communication and balance the energy. It is based on the probabilities of election which are
weighted for each node to select a cluster head. Area coverage problem is also being solved
which is known as inter-cluster coverage. The results show that the proposed EDGA system
outperforms other techniques in terms of data gathering, network lifetime and energy
optimization.
REFERENCES