Useful for all Engineering Entrance Examinations held across India.

 

STD. XII Sci.

Triumph Maths
Based on Maharashtra Board Syllabus

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• Important formulae provided in each chapter.
 
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 Preface
“Std. XII: Sci. Triumph Maths” is a complete and thorough guide to prepare students for a competitive
level examination. The book will not only assist students with MCQs of Std. XII, but will also help them to
prepare for JEE (Main), CET and various other competitive examinations.
The content of this book is based on the Maharashtra State Board Syllabus. Formulae that form a key
part for solving MCQs have been provided in each chapter. Shortcuts provide easy and less tedious solving
methods.
MCQs in each chapter are divided into three sections:
Classical Thinking: consists of straight forward questions including knowledge based questions.
Critical Thinking: consists of questions that require some understanding of the concept.
Competitive Thinking: consists of questions from various competitive examinations like JEE (Main), CET, etc.
Hints have been provided to the MCQs which are broken down to the simplest form possible.
An Evaluation Test has been provided at the end of each chapter to assess the level of preparation of the
student on a competitive level.
The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think
we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you.
Please write to us on : mail@targetpublications.org

Best of luck to all the aspirants!

Yours faithfully
Authors

Sr. Page Sr. Page

Topic Name Topic Name
No. No. No. No.
1 Mathematical Logic 1 10 Continuity 311
11 Differentiation 347
2 Matrices 25
12 Applications of Derivatives 422
3 Trigonometric Functions 55 13 Integration 487
14 Definite Integrals 566
4 Pair of Straight Lines 124
15 Applications of Definite Integral 625
5 Vectors 158 16 Differential Equations 653
6 Three Dimensional Geometry 186 17 Probability Distribution 710
18 Binomial Distribution 731
7 Line 208 19 Model Question Paper – I 744
8 Plane 237 20 Model Question Paper – II 748
Question Paper –
9 Linear Programming 280 21 752
MHT CET 2016
 
 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic

01 Mathematical Logic

Subtopics
1.1 Statement, Logical Connectives, Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.)
Compound Statements and Truth
Table
1.2 Statement Pattern, Logical
Equivalence, and Algebra of
Statements
1.3 Tautology, Contradiction,
Contingency
1.4 Quantifiers and Quantified
Statements, Duality
1.5 Negation of compound statements

1.6 Switching circuit

Aristotle the great philosopher and thinker laid the
foundations of study of logic in systematic form. The
study of logic helps in increasing one’s ability of
systematic and logical reasoning and develops the
skill of understanding validity of statements.

1
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 

Chapter at a glance

1. Statement
A statement is declarative sentence which is either true or false, but not both simultaneously.
 Statements are denoted by lower case letters p, q, r, etc.
 The truth value of a statement is denoted by ‘1’ or ‘T’ for True and ‘0’ or ‘F’ for False.
Open sentences, imperative sentences, exclamatory sentences and interrogative sentences are not
considered as Statements in Logic.
2. Logical connectives
Type of compound statement Connective Symbol Example
Conjuction and  p and q : p  q
Disjunction or  p or q : p  q
Negation not ~ negation p : ~ p
not p : ~ p
Conditional or Implication if….then  or  If p, then q : p  q
Biconditional or Double implication if and only if i.e. iff  or  p iff q : p  q
i. When two or more simple statements are combined using logical connectives, then the statement so
formed is called Compound Statement.
ii. Sub-statements are those simple statements which are used in a compound statement.
iii. In the conditional statement p  q, p is called the antecedent or hypothesis, while q is called the
consequent or conclusion.
3. Truth Tables for compound statements:
i. Conjuction, Disjunction, Conditional and Biconditional:
p q pq pq pq pq
T T T T T T
T F F T F F
F T F T T F
F F F F T T
ii. Negation:
p ~p
T F
F T
4. Relation between compound statements and sets in set theory:
i. Negation corresponds to ‘complement of a set’.
ii. Disjunction is related to the concept of ‘union of two sets’.
iii. Conjunction corresponds to ‘intersection of two sets’.
iv. Conditional implies ‘subset of a set’.
v. Biconditional corresponds to ‘equality of two sets’.
5. Statement Pattern:
When two or more simple statements p, q, r …. are combined using connectives , , , ,  the new
statement formed is called a statement pattern.
e.g.: ~ p  q, p  (p  q) , (q  p)  r
6. Converse, Inverse, Contrapositive of a Statement:
If p  q is a conditional statement, then its
i. Converse: q  p ii. Inverse: ~p  ~q
iii. Contrapositive: ~q  ~p
2
 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic
7. Logical equivalence:
If two statement patterns have the same truth values in their respective columns of their joint truth table,
then these two statement patterns are logically equivalent.
Consider the truth table:
p q ~p ~q pq qp ~p  ~q ~q  ~p
T T F F T T T T
T F F T F T T F
F T T F T F F T
F F T T T T T T

From the given truth table, we can summarize the following:

i. The given statement and its contrapositive are logically equivalent.
i.e. p  q  ~ q  ~ p
ii. The converse and inverse of the given statement are logically equivalent.
i.e. q  p  ~ p  ~ q
8. Algebra of statements:
i. pqqp
Commutative property
pqqp
ii. (p  q)  r  p  (q  r)  p  q  r
Associative property
(p  q)  r  p  (q  r)  p  q  r
iii. p  (q  r)  (p  q)  (p  r)
Distributive property
p  (q  r)  (p  q)  (p  r)
iv. ~ (p  q)  ~ p  ~ q
De Morgan’s laws
~ (p  q)  ~ p  ~ q
v. pq~pq
p  q  (p  q)  (q  p) Conditional laws
 (~ p  q)  (~ q  p)
vi. p  (p  q)  p
Absorption law
p  (p  q)  p
vii. If T denotes the tautology and F denotes the contradiction, then for any statement ‘p’:
a p  T  T; p  F  p
Identity law
b. p  T  p; p  F  F
viii. a. p~pT
Complement law
b. p~pF
ix. a. (p)  p
b. TF Involution laws
c. FT
x. ppp
ppp Idempotent law

3
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 
9. Types of Statements:
i. If a statement is always true, then the statement is called a “tautology”.
ii. If a statement is always false, then the statement is called a “contradiction” or a “fallacy”.
iii. If a statement is neither a tautology nor a contradiction, then it is called “contingency”.
10. Quantifiers and Quantified Statements:
i. The symbol ‘’ stands for “all values of ” or “for every” and is known as universal quantifier.
ii. The symbol ‘’ stands for “there exists atleast one” and is known as existential quantifier.
iii. When a quantifier is used in an open sentence, it becomes a statement and is called a quantified
statement.
11. Principles of Duality:
Two compound statements are said to be dual of each other, if one can be obtained from the other by
replacing “” by “” and vice versa. The connectives “” and “” are duals of each other. If ‘t’ is tautology
and ‘c’ is contradiction, then the special statements ‘t’ & ‘c’ are duals of each other.
12. Negation of a Statement:
i. ~ (p  q)  ~ p  ~ q ii. ~ (p  q)  ~ p  ~ q
iii. ~ (p  q)  p  ~ q iv. ~ (p  q)  (p  ~ q)  (q  ~ p)
v. ~ (~ p)  p
vi. ~ ( for all / every x)  for some / there exists x
~(x)x
vii. ~ (for some / there exist x)  for all / every x
 ~ ( x)   x
viii. ~ (x  y)  x  y
~ (x  y)  x  y
13. Application of Logic to Switching Circuits:
i. AND : [] ( Switches in series)
Let p : S1 switch is ON S1 S2
q : S2 switch is ON
L
For the lamp L to be ‘ON’ both S1 and S2 must be ON
Using theory of logic, the adjacent circuit can be expressed as, p  q.
ii. OR : [] (Switches in parallel)
S1
Let p : S1 switch is ON
q : S2 switch is ON
For lamp L to be put ON either one of the two S2
L
switches S1 and S2 must be ON.
Using theory of logic, the adjacent circuit can be expressed as p  q.
iii. If two or more switches open or close simultaneously then the switches are denoted by the same
letter.
If p : switch S is closed.
~ p : switch S is open.
If S1 and S2 are two switches such that if S1 is open S2 is closed and vice versa.
then S1  ~ S2
or S2  ~ S1
4
 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic
9. Assuming the first part of the statement as p,
Classical Thinking second as q and the third as r, the statement
‘Candidates are present, and voters are ready to
1.1 Statement, Logical Connectives, vote but no ballot papers’ in symbolic form is
Compound Statements and Truth Table (A) (p  q)  r
(B) (p  ~q)  r
1. Which of the following is a statement in logic? (C) (~p  q)  r
(A) What a wonderful day! (D) (p  q)  r
(B) Shut up!
(C) What are you doing? 10. Write verbally ~p  q where
p: She is beautiful; q: She is clever
(D) Bombay is the capital of India.
(A) She is beautiful but not clever
2. Which of the following is a statement? (B) She is not beautiful or she is clever
(A) Open the door. (C) She is not beautiful or she is not clever
(B) Do your homework. (D) She is beautiful and clever.
(C) Switch on the fan. 11. If p: Ram is lazy, q: Ram fails in the
(D) Two plus two is four. examination, then the verbal form of ~p  ~q
3. Which of the following is a statement in logic? is
(A) Go away (B) How beautiful! (A) Ram is not lazy and he fails in the
(C) x > 5 (D) 2 = 3 examination.
(B) Ram is not lazy or he does not fail in the
4. The connective in the statement examination.
“Earth revolves around the Sun and Moon is a (C) Ram is lazy or he does not fail in the
satellite of earth”, is examination.
(A) or (B) Earth (D) Ram is not lazy and he does not fail in
(C) Sun (D) and the examination.
5. p: Sunday is a holiday, q: Ram does not study 12. A compound statement p or q is false only when
on holiday. (A) p is false.
The symbolic form of the statement (B) q is false.
‘Sunday is a holiday and Ram studies on (C) both p and q are false.
holiday’ is (D) depends on p and q.
(A) p  ~q (B) p  q 13. A compound statement p and q is true only
(C) ~p  ~q (D) p  ~q when
6. p : There are clouds in the sky and q : it is not (A) p is true.
raining. The symbolic form is (B) q is true.
(C) both p and q are true.
(A) p  q (B) p  ~q
(D) none of p and q is true.
(C) p  ~q (D) ~p  q
14. For the statements p and q ‘p → q’ is read as
7. If p: The sun has set, q: The moon has risen, ‘if p then q’. Here, the statement q is called
then symbolically the statement ‘The sun has (A) antecedent.
not set or the moon has not risen’ is written as (B) consequent.
(A) p  ~q (B) ~q  p (C) logical connective.
(C) ~p  q (D) ~p  ~q (D) prime component.
8. If p: Rohit is tall, q: Rohit is handsome, then 15. If p : Prakash passes the exam,
the statement ‘Rohit is tall or he is short and q : Papa will give him a bicycle.
handsome’ can be written symbolically as Then the statement ‘Prakash passing the exam,
(A) p  (~p  q) implies that his papa will give him a bicycle’
(B) p  (~p  q) can be symbolically written as
(C) p  (p  ~q) (A) p  q (B) p  q
(D) ~p  (~p  ~q) (C) p  q (D) p  q
5
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 
16. If d: driver is drunk, a: driver meets with an 22. Contrapositive of p  q is
accident, translate the statement ‘If the Driver (A) q  p
is not drunk, then he cannot meet with an (B) ~q  p
accident’ into symbols (C) ~q  ~p
(A) a  d (B) d  a (D) q  ~p
(C) ~d  a (D) a  ~d
23. The statement “If x2 is not even then x is not
17. If a: Vijay becomes a doctor, even”, is the converse of the statement
b: Ajay is an engineer. (A) If x2 is odd, then x is even
Then the statement ‘Vijay becomes a doctor if (B) If x is not even, then x2 is not even
and only if Ajay is an engineer’ can be written (C) If x is even, then x2 is even
in symbolic form as (D) If x is odd, then x2 is even
(A) b  ~a (B) a  b
24. The converse of ‘If x is zero then we cannot
(C) a  b (D) b  a
divide by x’ is
18. A compound statement p  q is false only (A) If we cannot divide by x then x is zero.
when (B) If we divide by x then x is non-zero.
(A) p is true and q is false. (C) If x is non-zero then we can divide by x.
(B) p is false but q is true. (D) If we cannot divide by x then x is
(C) atleast one of p or q is false. non-zero.
(D) both p and q are false. 25. The converse of the statement “If x > y, then
19. Assuming the first part of each statement as p, x + a > y + a”, is
second as q and the third as r, the statement ‘If (A) If x < y, then x + a < y + a
A, B, C are three distinct points, then either (B) If x + a > y + a, then x > y
they are collinear or they form a triangle’ in (C) If x < y, then x + a > y + a
symbolic form is (D) If x > y, then x + a < y + a
(A) p  (q  r) 26. The inverse of the statement “If you access the
(B) (p  q)  r internet, then you have to pay the charges”, is
(C) p  (q  r) (A) If you do not access the internet, then
(D) p  (q  r) you do not have to pay the charges.
(B) If you pay the charges, then you
20. If m: Rimi likes calculus.
accessed the internet.
n: Rimi opts for engineering branch. (C) If you do not pay the charges, then you
Then the verbal form of m  n is do not access the internet.
(A) If Rimi opts for engineering branch then (D) You have to pay the charges if and only
she likes calculus. if you access the internet.
(B) If Rimi likes calculus then she does not
opt for engineering branch. 27. The contrapositive of the statement: “If a child
concentrates then he learns” is
(C) If Rimi likes calculus then she opts for
engineering branch (A) If a child does not concentrate he does
not learn.
(D) If Rimi likes engineering branch then
(B) If a child does not learn then he does not
she opts for calculus.
concentrate.
21. The inverse of logical statement p  q is (C) If a child practises then he learns.
(A) ~p  ~q (B) p  q (D) If a child concentrates, he does not
(C) q  p (D) q  p forget.
6
 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic
28. If p: Sita gets promotion, 1.3 Tautology, Contradiction, Contingency
q: Sita is transferred to Pune.
35. When the compound statement is true for all
The verbal form of ~p  q is written as
its components then the statement is called
(A) Sita gets promotion and Sita gets (A) negation statement.
transferred to Pune. (B) tautology statement.
(B) Sita does not get promotion then Sita (C) contradiction statement.
will be transferred to Pune. (D) contingency statement.
(C) Sita gets promotion if Sita is transferred
36. The statement (p  q)  p is
to Pune.
(A) a contradiction (B) a tautology
(D) Sita does not get promotion if and only (C) either (A) or (B) (D) a contingency
if Sita is transferred to Pune.
37. The proposition (p  q)  (p  ~q) is
29. Negation of a statement in logic corresponds (A) Contradiction
to _______ in set theory. (B) Tautology
(A) empty set (C) Contingency
(B) null set (D) Tautology and Contradiction
(C) complement of a set
38. The proposition p  ~(p  ~q) is a
(D) universal set (A) contradiction. (B) tautology.
30. The logical statement ‘p  q’ can be related to (C) contingency. (D) none of these
the set theory’s concept of
39. The proposition (p  q)  ( p  q) is a
(A) union of two sets
(A) tautology
(B) intersection of two set
(B) contradiction
(C) subset of a set
(D) equality of two sets (C) contingency
(D) none of these
31. If p and q are two logical statements and A
1.4 Quantifiers and Quantified Statements,
and B are two sets, then p  q corresponds to
Duality
(A) A  B (B) A  B
(C) A  B (D) A   B 40. Using quantifiers , , convert the following
open statement into true statement.
1.2 Statement Pattern, Logical
‘x + 5 = 8, x  N’
Equivalence, and Algebra of
Statements (A)  x  N, x + 5 = 8
(B) For every x  N, x + 5 > 8
32. Every conditional statement is equivalent to (C)  x  N, such that x + 5 = 8
(A) its contrapositive (B) its inverse (D) For every x  N, x + 5 < 8
(C) its converse (D) only itself
41. Using quantifier the open sentence ‘x2  4 = 32’
33. The statement, ‘If it is raining then I will go to
defined on W is converted into true statement
college’ is equivalent to
as
(A) If it is not raining then I will not go to
(A) x  W, x2  4 = 32
college.
(B) If I do not go to college, then it is not (B) x  W, such that x2  4  32
raining. (C) x  W, x2  4 > 32
(C) If I go to college then it is raining. (D) x  W, such that x2  4 = 32
(D) Going to college depends on my mood.
42. Dual of the statement (p  q)  ~q  p  ~q is
34. The logically equivalent statement of (A) (p  q)  ~q  p  ~q
(p  q)  (p  r) is (B) (p  q)  ~q  p  ~q
(A) p  (q  r) (B) q  (p  r) (C) (p  q)  ~q  p  ~q
(C) p  (q  r) (D) q  (p  r) (D) (~p  ~q)  q  ~p  q
7
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 
43. The dual of the statement “Manoj has the job 1.6 Switching circuit
but he is not happy” is
(A) Manoj has the job or he is not happy. 50. The switching circuit for the statement
(B) Manoj has the job and he is not happy. p  q  r is
(C) Manoj has the job and he is happy.
(D) Manoj does not have the job and he is (A)
p q r
happy.
1.5 Negation of compound statements q
(B)
44. Which of the following is logically equivalent p
to ~(p  q)? r
(A) p  q
(B) ~p  ~q p
(C)
(C) ~(p  q) r
(D) ~p  ~q q
45. ~(p  ~q) is equal to
p q
(A) ~p  q (D)
(B) ~p  q
(C) ~p  ~p r
(D) ~p  ~q 51. If the current flows through the given circuit,
46. The negation of the statement then it is expressed symbolically as,
“ I like Mathematics and English” is
(A) I do not like Mathematics and do not p q
like English
(B) I like Mathematics but do not like
English
(C) I do not like Mathematics but like r
English (A) (p  q)  r (B) (p  q)
(D) Either I do not like Mathematics or do (C) (p  q) (D) (p  q)  r
not like English 52. The switching circuit
47. (p  q) is equivalent to
S1
(A) (p  q)  (q  p)
(B) (p  q)  (q  p)
(C) (p  q)  (q  p) S2
(D) (q  p)  (p  q) in symbolic form of logic, is
(A) p  ~q (B) p  ~q
48. The negation of ‘If it is Sunday then it is a (C) p  ~q (D) p  ~q
holiday’ is
(A) It is a holiday but not a Sunday. 53. The switching circuit
(B) No Sunday then no holiday.
(C) It is Sunday, but it is not a holiday, S1 S2
(D) No holiday therefore no Sunday.
S1
49. The negation of ‘For every natural number x,
x + 5 > 4’ is S1 S2
(A)  x  N, x + 5 < 4 in symbolic form of logic, is
(B)  x  N, x  5 < 4 (A) (p  q)  (~p)  (p  ~q)
(C) For every integer x, x + 5 < 4 (B) (p  q)  (~p)  (p  ~q)
(D) There exists a natural number x, for (C) (p  q)  (~p)  (p  ~q)
which x + 5  4 (D) (p  q)  (~p)  (p  ~q)019
8
 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic
9. Given that p is ‘false’ and q is ‘true’ then the
Critical Thinking statement which is ‘false’ is
(A) ~p  ~q (B) p  (q  p)
1.1 Statement, Logical Connectives, (C) p  ~q (D) q  ~p
Compound Statements and Truth
Table 10. If p, q are true and r is false statement then
which of the following is true statement?
1. Which of the following is an incorrect (A) (p  q)  r is F
statement in logic ?
(B) (p  q)  r is T
(A) Multiply the numbers 3 and 10.
(B) 3 times 10 is equal to 40. (C) (p  q)  (p  r) is T
(C) What is the product of 3 and 10? (D) (p  q)  (p  r) is T
(D) 10 times 3 is equal to 30.
11. If q  p is F, then which of the following is
2. Assuming the first part of the sentence as p correct?
and the second as q, write the following (A) p  q is T (B) p  q is T
statement symbolically: (C) q  p is T (D) p  q is F
‘Irrespective of one being lucky or not, one
should not stop working’ 1.2 Statement Pattern, Logical Equivalence,
(A) (p  ~p)  q (B) (p  ~p)  q and Algebra of Statements
(C) (p  ~p)  ~q (D) (p  ~p)  ~q 12. Find out which of the following statements
3. If first part of the sentence is p and the second have the same meaning:
is q, then the symbolic form of the statement i. If Seema solves a problem then she is
‘It is not true that Physics is not interesting or happy.
difficult’ is ii. If Seema does not solve a problem then
(A) (p  q) (B) (p  q) she is not happy.
(C) (p  ~q) (D) (p  q) iii. If Seema is not happy then she hasn’t
solved the problem.
4. The symbolic form of the statement ‘It is not
iv. If Seema is happy then she has solved
true that intelligent persons are neither polite
the problem
nor helpful’ is
(A) (i, ii) and (iii, iv)
(A) ~(p  q) (B) (p  q)
(B) i, ii, iii
(C) ~(~p  ~q) (D) ~(p  q)
(C) (i, iii) and (ii, iv)
5. Given ‘p’ and ‘q’ as true and ‘r’ as false, the (D) ii, iii, iv
truth values of ~p  (q  ~r) and (p  q)  r
are respectively 13. Find which of the following statements
(A) T, F (B) F, F convey the same meanings?
(C) T, T (D) F, T i. If it is the bride’s dress then it has to be
red.
6. If p and q have truth value ‘F’, then the truth ii. If it is not bride’s dress then it cannot be
values of (~p  q)  ~(p  q) and red.
~p  (p  ~q) are respectively iii. If it is a red dress then it must be the
(A) T, T (B) F, F bride’s dress.
(C) T, F (D) F, T iv. If it is not a red dress then it can’t be the
7. If p is true and q is false then the truth values of bride’s dress.
(p  q)  (~q  ~p) and (~p  q)  (~q  p) (A) (i, iv) and (ii, iii)
are respectively (B) (i, ii) and (iii, iv)
(A) F, F (B) F, T (C) (i), (ii), (iii)
(C) T, F (D) T, T (D) (i, iii) and (ii, iv)
8. If p is false and q is true, then 14. p  (p  q) is logically equivalent to
(A) p  q is true (B) p  q is true (A) p  q (B) ~p  q
(C) q  p is true (D) p  q is true
(C) p  q (D) p  ~q
9
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 
15. ~ (p  q) (~p  q) is logically equivalent to 23. Using quantifier the open sentence ‘x2 > 0’
(A) ~p (B) p defined on N is converted into true statement
(C) q (D) ~q as
(A) x  N, x2 > 0
16. Which of the following is true? (B) x  N, x2 = 0
(A) p  p  T (C) x  N, such that x2 < 0
(B) p  p  F (D) x  N, such that x2 < 0
(C) p  q  q  p
(D) p  q  (~q)  (p) 24. Which of the following quantified statement is
false?
1.3 Tautology, Contradiction, Contingency (A) x  N, such that x + 5  6
17. ~(~p)  p is (B) x  N, x2  0
(A) a tautology (C) x  N, such that x  1 < 0
(B) a contradiction (D) x  N, such that x2  3x + 2 = 0
(C) neither a contradiction nor a tautology 25. Given below are four statements along with
(D) none of these their respective duals. Which dual statement is
not correct?
18. (~ p  ~ q)  (q  r) is a
(A) (p  q)  (r  s), (p  q)  (r  s)
(A) tautology
(B) (p  ~q)  (~p), (p  ~q)  (~p)
(B) contingency
(C) contradiction (C) (p  q)  r, (p  q)  r
(D) neither tautology nor contradiction (D) (p  q)  s, (p  q)  s

19. Which of the following is a tautology? 26. The dual of ‘(p  t)  (c  ~q)’ where t is a
tautology and c is a contradiction, is
(A) p  (p  q)
(A) (p  c)  (t  ~q)
(B) q  (p  q)
(B) (~p  c)  (t  q)
(C) (p  q)  p  q
(C) (~p  c)  (t  q)
(D) (p  q)  q
(D) (~p  t)  (c  ~q)
20. Which of the following statement is 1.5 Negation of compound statements
contradiction?
(A) (p  q)  q 27. Negation of the proposition (p  q)  (q  r) is
(B) (p  ~ q)  (p  q) (A) (p  q)  (q  r)
(C) p  ~ (p  ~ q) (B) (p  q)  (q  r)
(D) (p  q)  ~ q (C) (p  q)  (q  r)
(D) (p  q)  (q  ~r)
21. Which of the following statement is a
contingency? 28. The negation of p  ( ~ q  ~ p) is
(A) (p  q)  (p  q) (A) ~ p  q (B) p  ~ q
(B) (p  q)  (p  q) (C) ~ p  ~ q (D) ~ p  ~ q
(C) (~q  p)  (p  p)
29. Which of the following is logically equivalent
(D) (q  p)  (~p  q) to ~[p  (p  ~q)]?
1.4 Quantifiers and Quantified Statements (A) p  (~p  q ) (B) p  (~p  q)
Duality (C) p  (p  ~q) (D) p  (p  ~q)
22. If A  {4, 5, 7, 9}, determine which of the 30. The negation of the statement,  x  R, such
following quantified statement is true. that x2 + 3  0, is
(A)  x  A, such that x + 4 = 7 (A)  x  R, such that x2 + 3  0
(B)  x  A, x + 1  10 (B)  x  R, x2 + 3 > 0
(C)  x  A, 2 x ≤ 17 (C)  x  R, x2 + 3 ≤ 0
(D)  x  A, such that x + 1 > 10 (D)  x  R, such that x2 + 3 = 0
10
 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic
31. The negation of the statement “If Saral Mart
does not reduce the prices, I will not shop S1 S3
there any more” is
(A) Saral Mart reduces the prices and still I (B)
will shop there. S2 S3
(B) Saral Mart reduces the prices and I will
not shop there.
(C) Saral Mart does not reduce the prices S1 S3
and still I will shop there.
(D) Saral Mart does not reduce the prices or
I will shop there.
S1 S2 S3
1.6 Switching circuit (C)
32. The switching circuit for the statement
[p  (q  r)]  (~p  s) is S1 S2 S3

(A) q
p p s
S1 S3
r
(D)
S2 S3
q p HF011
(B)
p S1 S3
r s
34. The switching circuit for the symbolic form
q
(C) p (p  q)  [~p  (r  ~q)] is
r
p S1 S1
(A)
s
S2 S3 S2
q
p
(B) S1
(D) r
S1 S2
p
S3 S2
s
33. If the symbolic form is S1 S1 S3
(C)
(p  r)  (~q  ~r)  (~p  ~r), then switching
circuit is
S2 S2
S1 S2
(A)
(D) S1 S1
S1 S3

S3 S3 S2
S2 S3
11
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 
35. The symbolic form of logic for the following
circuit is Competitive Thinking

S1 S2 1.1 Statement, Logical Connectives,

Compound Statements and Truth
S3 Table
S1 1. Which of the following statement is not a
S2 statement in logic? [MH CET 2005]
(A) Earth is a planet.
S3
(B) Plants are living object.
(A) (p  q)  (~p  r  ~q)  ~r
(B) (p  q)  (~p  r  ~q)  ~r (C) 9 is a rational number.
(C) (p  q)  [~p  (r  ~q)]  ~r (D) I am lying.
(D) (p  q)  [~p  (r  ~q)]  ~rHF01 2. p : A man is happy
q : The man is rich.
36. The simplified circuit for the following circuit
The symbolic representation of “If a man is
is
not rich then he is not happy” is
p q
[MH CET 2004]
(A)  p   q (B)  q   p
p q (C) p  q (D) p   q
3. p  Ram is rich
(A)
p q  Ram is successful
r  Ram is talented
(B) Write the symbolic form of the given
q
statement.
Ram is neither rich nor successful and he is
(C) p q not talented [MH CET 2008]
(A) ~p  ~q  ~r (B) ~p  ~q  ~r
(C) ~p  ~q  ~r (D) ~p  ~q  ~r
(D) q
p 4. Which of the following is not a correct
statement? [Karnataka CET 2014]
(A) Mathematics is interesting.
37. The simplified circuit for the following circuit is
(B) 3 is a prime.
(C) 2 is irrational.
S1 S2
(D) The sun is a star.
S1 S3 5. Let p be the proposition : Mathematics is
interesting and let q be the proposition :
S2 Mathematics is difficult, then the symbol p  q
(A) means [Karnataka CET 2001]
S1 (A) Mathematics is interesting implies that
Mathematics is difficult.
(B) (B) Mathematics is interesting implies and is
S2
implied by Mathematics is difficult.
(C) (C) Mathematics is interesting and
S1 Mathematics is difficult.
(D) Mathematics is interesting or
(D) Mathematics is difficult.
S3
12
 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic
6. Let p: roses are red and q : the sun is a star. 13. The converse of the contrapositive of p  q is
Then the verbal translation of (~p)  q is [Karnataka CET 2005]
[Kerala (Engg.) 2011] (A) p  q
(A) Roses are not red and the sun is not a star.
(B) It is not true that roses are red or the sun (B) p  q
is not a star. (C) p  q
(C) It is not true that roses are red and the (D) q  p
sun is not a star.
14. If Ram secures 100 marks in maths, then he
(D) Roses are not red or the sun is a star.
will get a mobile. The converse is
7. Let p : Boys are playing [Orissa JEE 2010]
q : Boys are happy (A) If Ram gets a mobile, then he will not
the equivalent form of compound statement
secure 100 marks in maths.
~ p  q is [MH CET 2013]
(A) Boys are not playing or they are happy. (B) If Ram does not get a mobile, then he
(B) Boys are not happy or they are playing. will secure 100 marks in maths.
(C) Boys are playing or they are not happy. (C) If Ram will get a mobile, then he
(D) Boys are not playing or they are not secures 100 marks in maths.
happy. (D) None of these
8. If p and q are true statements in logic, which 15. Let p : A triangle is equilateral, q : A triangle
of the following statement pattern is true? is equiangular, then inverse of q  p is
[MH CET 2007] [MH CET 2013]
(A) (p  q)  ~ q (B) (p  q)  ~ q (A) If a triangle is not equilateral then it is
(C) (p  ~q)  q (D) (~p  q)  q not equiangular.
(B) If a triangle is not equiangular then it is
9. If p  (p  q) is false, the truth values of p
not equilateral.
and q are respectively
(C) If a triangle is equiangular then it is not
[Karnataka CET 2002]
equilateral.
(A) F, T (B) F, F
(D) If a triangle is equiangular then it is
(C) T, T (D) T, F
equilateral.
10. If (p   q)  ( p  r) is a false statement,
16. If it is raining, then I will not come. The
then respective truth values of p, q and r are
contrapositive of this statement will be
[MH CET 2010]
[Orissa JEE 2011]
(A) T, F, F (B) F, T, T
(A) If I will come, then it is not raining
(C) T, T, T (D) F, F, F
(B) If I will not come, then it is raining
11. If p : Every square is a rectangle (C) If I will not come, then it is not raining
q : Every rhombus is a kite then truth values of (D) If I will come, then it is raining
p  q and p  q are _______ and _______
17. The contrapositive of the converse of the
respectively. [MH CET 2016] statement “If x is prime number then x is odd”
(A) F, F (B) T, F is [Karnataka CET 2016]
(C) F, T (D) T, T (A) If x is not an odd number then x is not a
12. The contrapositive of (p  q)  r is prime number
[Karnataka CET 1990] (B) If x is not a prime number then x is not
(A) r  p  q (B) r  (p  q) an odd
(C) If x is not a prime number then x is odd
(C) r  (p  q) (D) p  (q  r)
(D) If x is a prime number then it is not odd
13
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 
1.2 Statement Pattern, Logical Equivalence, 26. (p  q)  (p  q) is a
and Algebra of Statements [Karnataka CET 2003]
(A) Tautology
18. The logically equivalent statement of p  q is (B) Contradiction
[Karnataka CET 2000] (C) Tautology and contradiction
(A) (p  q)  (q  p) (D) Contingency
(B) (p  q)  ( p  q) 27. Which of the following statements is a
tautology? [DCE 2009]
(C) (p  q)  (q  p)
(A) (~q  p)  q
(D) (p  q)  (p  q) (B) (~q  p)  (p  ~p)
19. ~ p  q is logically equivalent to (C) (~ q  p)  (p  ~p)
[Karnataka CET 2004] (D) (p  q)  (~(p  q))
(A) p  q (B) q  p 28. The only statement among the following i.e., a
(C) ~(p  q) (D) ~(q  p) tautology is [AIEEE 2011]
20. (p  q)  (q  p)  [MH CET 2009] (A) A  (A  B)
(A) q  p (B) p (B) A  (A  B)
(C) ~q (D) p  q (C) [A  (A  B)]  B
(D) B  [A  (A  B)]
21. The Boolean Expression (p  ~q)  q  (~p  q)
is equivalent to: 29. The false statement in the following is
[JEE (Main) 2016] [Karnataka CET 2002]
(A) p  q (A) p  (p) is a contradiction
(B) p  q (B) p  (p) is a tautology
(C) p  ~q (C)  (p)  p is tautology
(D) ~p  q (D) (p  q)  (q  p) is a contradiction
22. The statement p  (q  p) is equivalent to 30. The statement ~(p  ~q) is
[AIEEE 2008] [JEE (Main) 2014]
(A) p  (p  q) (A) a tautology
(B) p  (p  q) (B) a fallacy
(C) p  (p  q) (C) equivalent to p  q
(D) p  (p  q) (D) equivalent to ~p  q
23. The statement p  (~q) is equivalent to 1.4 Quantifier and Quantified Statements
[Kerala (Engg.) 2011] Duality
(A) q  p (B) ~q  ~p 31. Which of the following quantified statement is
(C) p  ~q (D) ~q  p true ? [MH CET 2016]
(A) The square of every real number is
1.3 Tautology, Contradiction, Contingency positive
24. Which of the following is not true for any two (B) There exists a real number whose square
statements p and q? [Kerala PET 2007] is negative
(A) ~[p (~q)]  ~p  q (C) There exists a real number whose square
(B) (p  q)  (~q) is a tautology is not positive
(D) Every real number is rational
(C) ~(p  ~p) is a tautology
(D) ~(p  q)  ~p ~q 1.5 Negation of compound statements
25. The proposition (p  p)  (p  p) is a 32. The negation of q  (p  r) is
[Karnataka CET 1997] [Karnataka CET 1997]
(A) Neither tautology nor contradiction (A) q  (p  r)
(B) Tautology (B) q  (p  r)
(C) Tautology and contradiction (C) q  (p  r)
(D) Contradiction (D) q  (p  r)
14
 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic
33. The negation of (p  ~q) q is 41. Negation of (p  q)  (~ p  r) is
[Kerala (Engg.) 2011] [MH CET 2005]
(A) (~p  q)  ~q (A) (p  q)  (p  ~ r)
(B) (p  ~q)  q (B) (p  q)  (p  ~ r)
(C) (~p  q)  ~q (C) (p  q)  (p  ~ r)
(D) (p  ~q)  ~q (D) (p  q)  (p  ~ r)
34. Negation of the statement 42. Negation of p  q is
‘A is rich but silly’ is [MH CET 2006] [MH CET 2005]
(A) Either A is not rich or not silly. (A) (p  q)  (p  q)
(B) A is poor or clever. (B) (p  ~ q)  (q  ~ p)
(C) A is rich or not silly. (C) (~ p  q)  (q  p)
(D) A is either rich or silly. (D) (p  q)  (~ q  p)
35. The negation of the statement given by 43. The negation of the proposition “If 2 is prime,
“He is rich and happy” is [MH CET 2006] then 3 is odd” is
(A) He is not rich and not happy [Karnataka CET 2007]
(B) He is rich but not happy (A) If 2 is not prime, then 3 is not odd.
(C) He is not rich but happy (B) 2 is prime and 3 is not odd.
(D) Either he is not rich or he is not happy (C) 2 is not prime and 3 is odd.
(D) If 2 is not prime then 3 is odd.
36. Let p : 7 is not greater than 4
and q : Paris is in France 44. Let S be a non-empty subset of R. Consider
be two statements. Then, ~(p q) is the statement the following statement:
[Kerala (Engg.) 2010] p : There is a rational number x  S such that
(A) 7 is greater than 4 or Paris is not in x > 0.
France. Which of the following statements is the
(B) 7 is not greater than 4 and Paris is not in negation of the statement p?
France. [AIEEE 2010]
(C) 7 is not greater than 4 and Paris is in (A) There is a rational number x  S such
France. that x  0
(D) 7 is greater than 4 and Paris is not in (B) There is no rational number x  S such
France. that x  0
(C) Every rational number x  S satisfies
37. The negation of ~s  (~r  s) is equivalent to
x0
[JEE (Main) 2015]
(D) x  S and x  0  x is not rational
(A) s  ~r (B) s  (r  ~s)
(C) s  (r  ~s) (D) s  r 1.6 Switching circuit
38. Which of the following is always true?
45. When does the current flow through the
[Karnataka CET 1998]
following circuit.
(A) (p  q)  ~ q  ~ p
(B) ~ (p  q)  p  ~ q q
(C) ~ (p  q)  p  ~ q
(D) ~ (p  q)  ~ p  ~ q p r

39. Negation of (p  q) is [MH CET 2009]

q
(A)  p  q (B) p  q
(C) p   q (D)  p  q [Karnataka CET 2002]
40. The negation of p  (~p  q) is (A) p, q should be closed and r is open
[Karnataka CET 2011] (B) p, q, r should be open
(A) p  (p  ~q) (B) p  ~(p  q) (C) p, q, r should be closed
(C) p  q (D) p  ~q (D) none of these
15
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 
46. The following circuit represent symbolically
in logic when the current flow in the circuit. Relations between logical connectives
and various operations on sets
~p q

p ~q

Which of the symbolic form is correct?

[Karnataka CET 1999]
(A) (p  q)  (p  q)
(B) (p  p)  (q  q)
(C) (p  q)  (q  p)
(D) (p  q)  (p  q)
47. If
p p

q r
then the symbolic form is [MH CET 2009]
(A) (p  q)  (p  r)
(B) (p  q)  ( p  r)
(C) (p  q)  (p  r)
(D) (p  q)  r
48. Simplified logical expression for the following
switching circuit is
p
q

p
[MH CET 2010]
(A) p (B) q
(C) p (D) pq
49.
S1 S2

S1 S2

The rules of logic and set theory go hand in hand.

Symbolic form of the given switching circuit
is equivalent to ________ [MH CET 2016]
(A) p  ~q
(B) p  ~q
(C) p  q
(D) ~(p  q)

16
 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic

Answer Key

Classical Thinking
1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (D) 4. (D) 5. (A) 6. (C) 7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (D) 10. (B)
11. (B) 12. (C) 13. (C) 14. (B) 15. (A) 16. (B) 17. (B) 18. (A) 19. (C) 20. (C)
21. (A) 22. (C) 23. (B) 24. (A) 25. (B) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (D) 29. (C) 30. (B)
31. (A) 32. (A) 33. (B) 34. (C) 35. (B) 36. (B) 37. (A) 38. (C) 39. (C) 40. (C)
41. (D) 42. (C) 43. (A) 44. (B) 45. (B) 46. (D) 47. (A) 48. (C) 49. (D) 50. (A)
51. (A) 52. (B) 53. (A)

Critical Thinking
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (A) 10. (C)
11. (B) 12. (C) 13. (A) 14. (C) 15. (A) 16. (D) 17. (A) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (B)
21. (B) 22. (B) 23. (A) 24. (C) 25. (D) 26. (A) 27. (C) 28. (A) 29. (B) 30. (C)
31. (C) 32. (C) 33. (B) 34. (A) 35. (C) 36. (B) 37. (D)

Competitive Thinking
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (D) 7. (A) 8. (C) 9. (D) 10. (A)
11. (D) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (C) 15. (B) 16. (A) 17. (B) 18. (C) 19. (D) 20. (B)
21. (B) 22. (D) 23. (B) 24. (D) 25. (D) 26. (B) 27. (C) 28. (C) 29. (D) 30. (C)
31. (C) 32. (B) 33. (C) 34. (B) 35. (D) 36. (D) 37. (D) 38. (C) 39. (B) 40. (D)
41. (C) 42. (B) 43. (B) 44. (C) 45. (C) 46. (D) 47. (A) 48. (B) 49. (D)

Hints

Classical Thinking 9. p: Candidates are present,

q: Voters are ready to vote
1. ‘Bombay is the capital of India’ is a statement. r: Ballot papers  r : no Ballot papers
The other options are exclamatory and
‘and’ and ‘but’ are represented by ‘’ symbol.
interrogative sentences.
10. ~p: She is not beautiful, ‘’ indicates ‘or’.
2. ‘Two plus two is four’ is a statement.
The other options are imperative sentences. 11. ~p: Ram is not lazy, ~q: Ram does not fail in
the examination, ‘’ indicates ‘or’.
3. Even though 2 = 3 is false, it is a statement in
logic with truth value F. 15. “Implies” is expressed as ‘’.
 symbolic form is p  q
5. ~q: Ram studies on holiday,
‘and’ is expressed by ‘’ symbol 16. (~d: Driver is not drunk) implies
 Symbolic form is p  ~q. (~a: He cannot meet with an accident).

6. p: There are clouds in the sky, ~q: It is not 17. “if and only if” is expressed as ‘’
raining, ‘and’ is expressed by ‘’ symbol.  symbolic form is a  b.
 p  ~q 19. p: A, B,C, are distinct points
7. ~p: The sun has not set, ~q: The moon has not q: Points are collinear
r: Points form a triangle
risen, ‘or’ is expressed by ‘’ symbol.
 p implies (q or r) i.e. p  (q  r)
 ~p  ~q
8. ~p: Rohit is short, ‘or’ is expressed by ‘’ 20. ‘m  n’ means ‘If m then n’,
symbol, ‘and’ is expressed by ‘’ symbol.  option (C) is correct.
17
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 
23. Let p : x2 is not even, 40. Option (C) is a true statement, since, x = 3  N
q : x is not even satisfies x + 5 = 8.
Converse of p  q is q  p
41. Option (D) is the required true statement since
i.e., If x is not even then x2 is not even
x = 6  W satisfies x2  4 = 32
24. Converse of p  q is q  p.
43. p: Manoj has the job, q: he is not happy
25. Let p : x > y Symbolic form is p  q.
q:x+a>y+a Its dual is p  q.
Converse of p  q is q  p  Manoj has the job or he is not happy.
i.e., If x + a > y + a, then x > y
44. ~(p  q)  ~p  ~q
26. Let p: You access the internet
q: You have to pay the charges 45. ~[p  (~q)]  ~p  ~(~q)  ~p  q
Given statement is written symbolically as, 46. p : I like Mathematics
pq q : I like English.
Inverse of p  q is ~p  ~q ~ (p  q )  ~ p  ~ q
i.e. If you do not access the internet then you
 Option (D) is correct.
do not have to pay the charges.
47. We know that,
27. Contrapositive of p  q is ~q  ~p.
p  q  (p  q)  (q  p)
28. ~p: Sita does not get promotion and ‘’  (p  q)  [(p  q)  (q  p)]
symbol indicates ‘if and only if’.   (p  q)  (q  p)
33. r: It is raining, c: I will go to college. ….[By Demorgan’s Law]
The given statement is r  c  c  r  (p  q)  (q  p)
….[ (p  q) = p  q]
36.
p q pq (p  q)  p 48. p : It is Sunday
T T T T q : It is a holiday
T F F T  Symbolic form p  q
F T F T ~ (p  q)  p  ~ q
F F F T i.e. It is Sunday, but it is not a holiday
37. 49. Given statement is ‘ x  N, x + 5 > 4’
p q ~q p  q p ~q (p  q)  (p  ~q)  ~ [  x  N, , x + 5 > 4]
T T F T F F   x  N, such that x + 5 ≤ 4
T F T F T F i.e., there exists a natural number x, for which
F T F F T F x+54
F F T F T F
51. Current will flow in the circuit if switch p and
38. q are closed or switch r is closed.
p q ~q p  ~q ~(p ~q) p  ~(p  ~q) It is represented by
T T F F T T (p  q)  r.
T F T T F F  option (A) is correct.
F T F F T T
F F T F T T
Critical Thinking
39.
1. ‘Incorrect statement’ means a statement in
(p q) 
p q p  q p q p  q logic with truth value false.
(p  q)
Options (A) and (C) are not statements in
T T T F F T T logic.
T F F F T T F Option (D) has truth value True.
F T T T F F F Option (B) is a statement in logic with truth
F F T T T T T value false.

18
 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic
2. p: One being lucky, 12. p: Seema solves a problem
q: One should stop working q: She is happy
 Symbolic form: (p  ~p)  ~q i. pq
3. p: Physics is interesting. ii. p  q
q: Physics is difficult. iii. q  p
 Symbolic form: ~ (~p  q) iv. q  p
(i) and (iii) have the same meaning,
4. p: Intelligent persons are polite. (ii) and (iv) have the same meaning.
q: Intelligent persons are helpful.
 Symbolic form: ~ (~p  ~q) 13. i. br
ii. b  r
5. ~p  (q  ~r) and (p  q)  r iii. r  b
 ~T  (T  ~F) and (T  T)  F iv. r  b
 F  (T  T) and (T  F) (i) and (iv) are the same and (ii) and (iii) are
 F  T and T  F  F and F the same.
6. (~p  q)  ~(p  q) and ~p  (p  ~q) 14. p  (p  q)
 (~F  F)  ~(F  F) and ~F  (F  ~F)  p  (~p  q) ….[Conditional law]
 (T  F)  ~F and T  (F  T)  (p  ~p)  (p  q) ….[Distributive law]
 T  T and T  T  F  (p  q) ….[Complement law]
 T and T pq ….[Identity law]
7. (p  q)  (~q  ~p) and (~p  q)  (~q  p) 15. ~ (p  q) (~p  q)
 (T  F)  (~F  ~T) and (~T  F)  (~F  T)  (~p  ~q) (~p  q)
 F  (T  F) and (F  F)  (T  T)  ~p (~q  q)
 F  F and F  T  T and F  ~p T
8. pqFTF  ~p
p~qF~TFFF 16. (q)  (p) is contrapositive of p  q and
qpTFF hence both are logically equivalent of each
pqFTT other.
9. ~p~q~F~TTFF 17.
p  (q  p)  F  (T  F)  F  F  T p ~p ~(~p) ~(~p)  p
p~qF~TFFT T F T T
q~pT~FTTT F T F T
10. Consider option (C) All the entries in the last column of the above
(p  q)  (p  r)  (T  T)  (T  F) truth table is T.
TT  ~(~p)  p is a tautology.
T
 option (C) is correct. 18.

11. (~p  ~q)

p q r ~p ~ q ~p ~q qr
p q q q  p pq pq qp  (q  r)
T T T F F F T F
T T F T T T T
T T F F F F F F
T F T T F F T
F T F F F T F T F T F T F F F
F F T T T T T T F F F T F F F
F T T T F F T F
Alternate Method: F T F T F F F F
~ q  p: F F F T T T T F F
 ~ q is F, p is F F F F T T T F F
i.e., q is T, p is F
 pqFTT  Given statement is contradiction.

19
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 
19. Consider option (C) 29. ~[p  (p  ~q)]  p  ~[p  (~q)]
 p  (~p  q)
p q q pq (pq) pq (pq)(pq)
T T F T F F T 30. ~ [ x  R, such that x2 + 3 > 0]
T F T F T T T =  x  R, x2 + 3  0
F T F T F F T 31. p: Saral Mart does not reduce the prices.
F F T T F F T q: I will not shop there any more.
Symbolic form is p  q
 option (C) is correct.
~ (p  q)  p  ~ q
20. consider option (B) i.e. Saral Mart does not reduce the prices and
still I will shop there.
P q ~ q p  ~q p  q (p  ~ q)  (p  q)
T T F F T F 36. The symbolic form of circuit is
T F T T F F (p  q)  (~p  q)  (p  ~p)  q
F T F F T F Tq
F F T F T F q

 option (B) is correct. 37. The symbolic form of circuit is

[(~p  ~q)  p  q ]  r
21. Consider option (B)  [~(p  q)  (p  q)]  r
p q p q pq p q (pq)(pq) Tr
T T F F T T T r
T F F T F T F Competitive Thinking
F T T F F F T
F F T T F T F 2. Man is not rich : ~ q
Man is not happy : ~ p
 option (B) is correct.  The symbolic representation of the given
statement is ~ q  ~ p.
22. Since, x = 4, 5, 7, 9 satisfies x + 1  10
 option (B) is correct. 3. ~ p : Ram is not rich
~ q : Ram is not successful
23. Option (A) is the true statement since square ~ r : Ram is not talented
of every natural number is positive.
 The symbolic form of the given statement is
24. Option (C) is false, since for every natural ~p  ~q  ~r.
number the statement x  1  0 is always true.
4. “Not a correct statement” means it is a
25. Dual of (p  q)  s is (p  q)  s. statement whose truth value is false.
Option (A) is not a statement.
27. Negation of (p  q)  (q  r) is Options (C) and (D) are statements with truth
[(p  q)  (q  r)] value true.
 (p  q)  (q  r) 3 is a prime’ is false statement.
 (p  q)  [(q)  r] Hence, option (B) is correct.
 (p  q)  (q  r)
5. The symbol p  q means
28. ~[ p  ( ~ q  ~ p)] Mathematics is interesting and Mathematics is
 ~ p  ~ (~ q  ~ p) ….[By De Morgan’s law] difficult.
 ~ p  [ ~ ( ~ q )  ~ (~ p) ]
6. p : roses are red
 ~ p  (q  p) q : The sun is a star
 ( ~ p  q )  ( ~ p  p) (~p)  q : roses are not red or the sun is a star.
….[Distributive property]
(~pq)F ….[Complement law] 7. ~ p : Boys are not playing
~pq ….[Identity law] The symbol ‘’ means ‘or’.
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 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic
8. Consider option (C), 19.
(p  q)  q  (T  T)  T 1 2 3 4 5 6
 (T  F)  T p q p p  q q  p (q  p)
FT T T F F T F
T T F F F T F
 option (C) is correct. F T T T F T
F F T F T F
9.
The entries in the columns 4 and 6 are identical.
p q ~p ~p  q p  (~p  q)  p  q  (q  p)
T T F T T
T F F F F 20. (p  q)  (~q  p)  (p  q)  (p  ~ q)
F T T T T  p  (q  ~q)
F F T T T pTp

 From the table p  (~p  q) is false when p is 21. (p  ~q)  q  (~p  q)

true and q is false.  [(p  q)  (~q  q)]  (~p  q)
 [(p  q)  T]  (~p  q)]
10. Since, (p   q)  ( p  r)  F  (p  q)  (~p  q)
 p   q  T and  p  r  F  (p  q  ~p)  (p  q  q)
 p  T, ~ q  T and ~ p  F, r  F  (T  q)  (p  q)  T  (p  q)
 p  T, q  F, r  F pq
 The truth values of p, q and r are T, F, F
respectively. 22.
11. Since, both the given statements p and q have 1 2 3 4 5 6
truth values T, p p
p q qp qp
 p  q  T  T  T, and (q  p) (q  p)
pqTTT T T T T T T
T F T T T T
12. Contrapositive of (p  q)  r is
F T F T T T
r  (p  q) i.e. r  p  q
F F T T F T
13. Given p  q The entries in the columns 4 and 6 are identical.
Its contrapositive is q  p  p  (q  p)  p  (p q)
and its converse is p  q
23. p  (q)  p  q
14. Let p : Ram secures 100 marks in maths  q  p
q : Ram will get a mobile
Converse of p  q is q  p 24. ~(p  q)  ~p  ~q is not true as it contradicts
i.e., If Ram will get a mobile, then he secures De Morgan’s law.
100 marks in maths.  option (D) is not true.

15. Inverse of q  p is ~q  ~p 25.

i.e., If a triangle is not equiangular then it is p  p p  p  p  p (pp)(p p)
not equilateral. T F F T F
F T T F F
16. Let p : It is raining
q : I will not come 26.
Contrapositive of p  q is q  p (p  ~ q)
p q ~ p ~ q (p ~q) (~p  q)
i.e., If I will come, then it is not raining.  (~ p  q)
17. Let p : x is prime number T T F F F F F
q : x is odd T F F T T F F
 Statement is p  q F T T F F T F
Converse of p  q is q  p F F T T F F F
Contrapositive of q  p is ~p  ~q.  Given statement is contradiction.
21
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 
27. Since, p  ~p  T  (s  r)  F ....[Complement law]
 (~q  p)  (p  ~p)  (~q  p)  T  T sr ....[Identity law]
 (~q  p)  (p  ~p) is a tautology.
38. pq  ~ pq
28. Consider option (C)  ~ (p  q)  p  ~ q
A B AB A  (A  B) [A  (A  B)]  B
T T T T T 39. Since, p  q  p  q
T F F F T  p  q  p  q
F T T F T  (p  q)  (p  q)
F F T F T  p  q

 option (C) is correct. 40. [p  (p  q)]  p   (p  q)

 p  (p  q)
29. p  q is logically equivalent to q  p
 (p  p)  ~ q
 (p  q)  (q  p) is tautology
 p  q
But, it is given contradiction.
Hence, it is false statement. 41. Since, p  q  p  q
30.  ~[(p  q)  (~p  r)]
1 2 3 4 5 6  ~[~(p  q)  (~p  r)]
p q q p  q ~(p  ~q) pq  ~[(~p  ~q)  (~p  r)]
T T F F T T  ~(~p  ~q)  ~(~p  r)
T F T T F F  (p  q)  (p  ~r)
F T F T F F 43. Let p : 2 is prime, q : 3 is odd
F F T F T T  Symbolic form p  q
The entries in the columns 5 and 6 are  ~(p  q)  p  ~q
identical. i.e., 2 is prime and 3 is not odd.
 ~(p  ~q)  p  q
44. Given statement is
31. Option (C) is the correct answer since there  x  S, such that x > 0
exists a real number x = 0, such that x2 = 0.  ~ (  x  S, such that x > 0 )
Zero is neither positive nor negative.   x  S, x  0
32. Negation of q  (p  r) is i.e., Every rational number x  S satisfies x  0.
[q  (p  r)]  q  ((p  r)) 45. The current will flow through the circuit if p,
 q  (p  r) q, r are closed or p, q, r are closed.
33. ~[(p  ~q)  q]  ~(p  ~q)  ~q  option (C) is the correct answer.
….[De Morgan’s Law]
 (~p)  [~(~q)]  ~q 46. Let p : switch s1 is closed.
 (~p  q)  ~q q: switch s2 is closed.
~p : switch s1 is open
34. p : A is rich, q : A is silly q : switch s2 is open
 ~(p  q)  ~p  ~q The current can flow in the circuit iff either
35. ~(p  q)  ~p  ~q s1 and s2 are closed or s1 and s2 are closed.
It is represented by (p  q) (p  q).
36. ~(p  q)  (~p)  (~q)
i.e.,7 is greater than 4 and Paris is not in 48. The symbolic form of the given circuit is
France. (p  ~p)  q  T  q
q
37. ~[~s  (~r  s)]
 ~(~s)  ~(~r  s) ....[De Morgan’s Law] 49. Symbolic form of the circuit is
 s  (r  ~s) (p  ~q)  (~p  q)  (p  ~q)  (q  ~p)
 (s  r)  (s  ~s) ....[Distributive property]  ~ (p  q)

22
 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic

Evaluation Test

1. Which of the following is not a statement in (C) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
logic? (D) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true;
(A) Every set is a finite set. statement-2 is a correct explanation for
(B) 2 + 3 < 6 statement-1.
(C) x + 3 = 10
(D) Zero is a complex number. 9. If p, q are true and r is a false statement, then
which of the following is a true statement?
2. If p  (q  r) is false, then the truth values of (A) (p  q)  r is F
p, q and r are respectively (B) (p  q)  r is T
(A) T, F, F (B) F, F, F (C) (p  q)  (p  r) is T
(C) F, T, F (D) T, T, F (D) (p  q)  (p  r) is T
3. The contrapositive of (~p  q)  ~r is 10. The dual of the statement
(A) (p  q)  r (B) (p  q)  r ~(p  q)  [p  ~ (q  ~ r)] is
(C) r  (p  ~q) (D) none of these (A) ~ (p  q)  [p  ~ (q  ~ r)]
4. If p: Rohit is tall, q: Rohit is handsome, then (B) (~p  ~q)  [~p  (~q  r)]
the statement ‘Rohit is tall or he is short and (C) (p  q)  [~p  (q  ~ r)]
handsome’ can be written symbolically as (D) ~ (p  q)  [~ p  (q  ~ r)]
(A) p  (~p  q) (B) p  (~p  q) 11. Consider the following statements:
(C) p  (p  ~q) (D) ~p  (~p  ~q) P : Suman is brilliant
Q : Suman is rich
5. The converse of the statement, “If x is a R: Suman is honest.
complex number, then x is a negative number” The negation of the statement “Suman is
is brilliant and dishonest iff suman is rich” can
(A) If x is not a complex number, then x be expressed as
is not a negative number. (A) ~P  (Q  ~R) (B) ~(Q (P  ~R))
(B) If x is a negative number, then x is a (C) ~Q  ~ (P R) (D) ~ (P R)  Q
complex number. 12. Which of the following is true?
(C) If x is not a negative number, then x (A) p  p  T
is not a complex number. (B) p  p  F
(D) If x is a real number, then x is a (C) p  q  q  p
positive number. (D) p  q  (~q)  (p)
6. Which of the following statements is a 13. Simplified form of the switching circuit given
contingency? below is
(A) (~p  ~q)  (q  r) S1 S2
(B) (p  q)  (q  p)
(C) (p  ~q)  r
S1 S2
(D) (q  r)  (r  p)
7. Which of the following is a contradiction? S2
S1
(A) (p  q)  (~(p  q))
(B) p  (~p  q) S1 S2
(A)
(C) (p  q)  p
(D) none of these S2
8. Statement-1: ~(p  ~q) is equivalent to p  q.
S1
Statement-2: ~(p  ~q) is a tautology. (B)
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false. S2

23
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 

S1
(C)
S2
(D)
S1 S2

14. The inverse of the proposition (p  ~q)  r is

(A) ~r  ~p  q (B) ~p  q  ~ r
(C) r  p  ~q (D) ~p  q  ~ r

15. The negation of the statement

x  N, x + 1 > 2 is
(A)  x  N, x + 1 < 2
(B)  x  N, such that x + 1 > 2
(C)  x  N, x + 1  2
(D)  x  N, such that x + 1  2

Answers to Evaluation Test

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (A)

5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (B)
9. (C) 10. (A) 11. (B) 12. (D)
13. (B) 14. (B) 15. (D)

24
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 

QUESTION PAPER : MHT CET 2016 
1. Let X ~ B (n, p), if 7. If 2 tan1 (cos x) = tan1 (2 cosec x) then
E(X) = 5, Var(X) = 2.5 then P(X  1) = sin x + cos x =
1
11
1
10 (A) 2 2 (B) 2
(A)   (B)   1 1
2 2 (C) (D)
6 9 2 2
1 1
(C)   (D)   8. Direction cosines of the line
2 2
x  2 2y  5
 x   , z = 1 are
2. Derivative of tan1   with respect to 2 3
 1 x 
2
4 3 3 4 1
(A) , ,0 (B) , ,
sin1 (3x  4x3) is 5 5 5 5 5
1 3 3 4 4 2 1
(A) (B) (C)  , ,0 (D) , ,
1 x 2
1  x2 5 5 5 5 5
1 1
(C) 3 (D)
3
9.  8  2 x  x2
dx =

3. The differential equation of the family of 1 1  x  1 

circles touching Y-axis at the origin is
(A) sin  c
3  3 
dy
(A)  x 2  y 2   2 xy  0 (B) sin 1 
 x +1 
dx c
 3 
dy 1 1  x + 1 
(B) x2  y2 + 2xy 0
dx (C) sin  c
3  3 
dy
(C)  x 2  y 2   2 xy  0  x 1
dx (D) sin 1  c
 3 
dy
(D)  x 2  y 2   2 xy  0 10. The approximate value of
dx 3 2
f(x) = x + 5x – 7x + 9 at x = 1.1 is
1 1 0 (A) 8.6 (B) 8.5 (C) 8.4 (D) 8.3
4. If A =  2 1 5  , then 11. If r. v. X: waiting time in minutes for bus and
 1 2 1  p.d.f. of X is given by
1
a11 A21 + a12 A22 + a13 A23 =  , 0 x5
f (x) =  5
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2 0 , otherwise,
5. If Rolle’s theorem for f(x) = ex (sinx – cosx) is then probability of waiting time not more than
  4 minutes is =
verified on  , 5  then the value of c is (A) 0.3 (B) 0.8 (C) 0.2 (D) 0.5
4 4
   C C
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D)  12. In ABC (a  b)2 cos2 + (a + b)2 sin2 =
3 2 4 2 2
(A) b2 (B) c2
6. The joint equation of lines passing through the (C) a2 (D) a2 + b2 + c2
origin and trisecting the first quadrant is
13. Derivative of log (sec  + tan ) with respect
(A) x2 + 3xy  y2 = 0

(B) x2  3xy  y2 = 0 to sec  at  = is
4
(C) 3x 2  4xy + 3y 2 = 0 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D) 2
(D) 3x2  y2 = 0 2
752
 Question Paper : MHT CET 2016
14. The joint equation of bisectors of angles  x2  y 2  dy
between lines x = 5 and y = 3 is _______ 21. If log10  2 2 
= 2, then =
(A) (x  5) (y  3) = 0 x y  dx
(B) x2  y2  10x + 6y + 16 = 0 99 x 99 x
(A)  (B)
(C) xy = 0 101 y 101 y
(D) xy  5x  3y + 15 = 0 99 y 99 y
3
(C)  (D)
15. The point on the curve 6y = x + 2 at which 101 x 101 x
y – co-ordinate is changing 8 times as fast as

x – co-ordinate is ______
 2  sinx 
2
(A) (4, 11) (B) (4, –11) 22.  log  2 + sinx  dx =
(C) (4, 11) (D) (–4, –11) 
2
16. If the function f(x) defined by (A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 0
1
f ( x ) = x sin , for x  0  2  x  tan1 x  
x   x  2  a 
=k, for x = 0 23.  x 2
 1 dx =
is continuous at x = 0, then k =  
 
(A) 0 (B) 1 1 x
(A) log a.a x  tan c
1
(C) 1 (D)
2
(B)
 x  tan x   c
1

2 log a
1 x  dy 
17. If y = e m sin and (1 x2)   = Ay2, then A= 1
 dx  a x  tan x
(C) c
(A) m (B) m (C) m2 (D) m2 log a

 4e x  25  (D) log a.  x  tan 1 x   c

  2e x  5  dx = Ax + B log 2e  5 + c, then
x
18.
24. The degree and order of the differential
(A) A = 5, B = 3 7

(B) A = 5, B = 3   dy 3  3  d2 y 
equation 1     = 7  2  respectively
(C) A = 5, B = 3   dx    dx 
(D) A = 5, B = 3 are

19.
tan 1  3   sec (2) 
1 (A) 3 and 7
(C) 7 and 3
(B) 3 and 2
(D) 2 and 3
cos ec 1   2   cos   12 
1
25. The acute angle between the line
r   ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ     ˆi  ˆj  kˆ  and the plane
4 4
(A)
5
(B) 
5 r.  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  = 5
3  2  2
(C) (D) 0 (A) cos1  (B) sin 1 
5  
 3   3 
20. For what value of k, the function defined by  2  2
log(1  2 x ) sin x (C) tan 1   (D) sin 1  
f(x) = , for x  0  3   3
x2
=k, for x = 0 26. The area of the region bounded by the curve
is continuous at x = 0 ? y = 2x  x2 and X  axis is
1 2 4
(A) 2 (B) (A) sq.units (B) sq.units
2 3 3
 90 5 8
(C) (D) (C) sq.units (D) sq.units
90  3 3
753
Std. XII : Triumph Maths 
f ( x) 34. If sin x is the integrating factor (I. F.) of the
27. If  dx = log (log sin x) + c, then f(x)=
log  sin x  dy
linear differential equation  Py  Q, then
(A) cot x (B) tan x dx
P is
(C) sec x (D) cosec x
(A) log sin x (B) cos x
28. If A and B are foot of perpendicular drawn (C) tan x (D) cot x
from point Q (a, b, c) to the planes yz and zx,
35. Which of the following equation does not
then equation of plane through the points A, B
represent a pair of lines ?
and O is _______
(A) x2 – x = 0
x y z x y z (B) xy – x = 0
(A)   =0 (B)   0
a b c a b c (C) y2 – x + 1 = 0
x y z x y z (D) xy + x + y + 1 = 0
(C)   =0 (D)   =0
a b c a b c 36. Probability of guessing correctly atleast 7 out
of 10 answers in a “True” or “False” test is =
29. If a  ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ , b  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and c  3iˆ  kˆ 11 11
(A) (B)
and c  ma  nb then m + n = _______. 64 32
(A) 0 (B) 1 11 27
(C) (D)
(C) 2 (D) –1 16 32
 37. Principal solutions of the equation
2  n
sec x  sin 2x + cos 2x = 0, where π < x < 2π are
30. 0  n sec x  n cos ec x  dx  (A)
7  11
(B)
9 13
,
  ,
8 8 8 8
 
(A) (B) 11 15 15 19
2 3 (C) , (D) ,
8 8 8 8
 
(C) (D) 38. If line joining point A and B having position
4 6
vectors 6a  4b  4c and 4c respectively,
31. If the p.d.f. of a r.v. X is given as and the line joining the points C and D having
position vectors a  2b  3c and a  2b  5c
xi 2 1 0 1 2
intersect, then their point of intersection is
P(X = xi) 0.2 0.3 0.15 0.25 0.1 (A) B (B) C
Then F(0) = (C) D (D) A
(A) P(X  0) (B) P(X  0)
 2 2 0 1
(C) 1  P(X  0) (D) 1  P(X  0) 39. If A =  3 2  , B = 1 0 
then
  
32. The particular solution of the differential (B1 A1)1 =
dx
equation y (1 + logx)  x log x  0 when  2 2  2 2
dy (A)   (B) 
2 2 3   2 3 
x = e, y = e is
(A) y = ex log x (B) ey = x log x  2 3 1 1
(C)   (D) 
(C) xy = e log x (D) y log x = ex 2 2   2 3 

33. M and N are the midpoints of the diagonals 40. If p : Every square is a rectangle
AC and BD respectively of quadrilateral q : Every rhombus is a kite then truth values of
ABCD, then AB  AD  CB  CD = p  q and p  q are _______ and _______
respectively.
(A) 2 MN (B) 2 NM
(A) F, F (B) T, F
(B) 4 MN (D) 4 NM (C) F, T (D) T, T
754
 Question Paper : MHT CET 2016

41. If G  g  , H  h  and P  p  are centroid, 47. If a  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ , b  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ , c  ˆi  ˆj  4kˆ

orthocenter and circumcenter of a triangle and and a.(b  c) = 10, then  is equal to
x p  y h  zg  0 then (x, y, z) = (A) 6 (B) 7
(A) 1, 1, 2 (B) 2, 1, 3 (C) 9 (D) 10
(C) 1, 3, 4 (D) 2, 3, 5  1
48. If r.v. X ~ B  n  5,P   then P(2 < X < 4) =
42. Which of the following quantified statement is  3
true ? 80 40
(A) The square of every real number is positive (A) (B)
243 243
(B) There exists a real number whose square
40 80
is negative (C) (D)
(C) There exists a real number whose square 343 343
is not positive 49. The objective function z = x1 + x2, subject to
(D) Every real number is rational x1 + x2  10, 2x1 + 3x2  15, x1  6, x1, x2  0
43. The general solution of the equation tan2 x = 1 has maximum value _______ of the feasible
is region.
  (A) at only one point
(A) n + (B) n  (B) at only two point
4 4 (C) at every point of the segment joining
  two points
(C) n  (D) 2n 
4 4 (D) at every point of the line joining two
44. The shaded part of given figure indicates the points
feasible region 50.
Y
S1 S2
C (3, 3) B
(5, 3)
S1 S2

X
O A (5, 0) Symbolic form of the given switching circuit
is equivalent to ________
then the constraints are (A) p  ~q (B) p  ~q
(A) x, y  0, x + y  0, x  5, y  3 (C) p  q (D) ~(p  q)
(B) x, y  0, x  y  0, x  5, y  3
(C) x, y  0, x  y  0, x  5, y  3 Answer Key
(D) x, y  0, x  y  0, x  5, y  3
45. Direction ratios of the line which is 1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (B)
perpendicular to the lines with direction ratios 5. (D) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (A)
–1, 2, 2 and 0, 2, 1 are 9. (D) 10. (A) 11. (B) 12. (B)
(A) 1, 1, 2 (B) 2, –1, 2 13. (B) 14. (B) 15. (A) 16. (A)
(C) – 2, 1, 2 (D) 2, 1, –2 17. (C) 18. (B) 19. (B) 20. (C)
21. (A) 22. (D) 23. (C) 24. (B)
1 2  25. (B) 26. (B) 27. (A) 28. (A)
46. If Matrix A =   such that Ax = I, then x =
4 3 29. (C) 30. (C) 31. (C) 32. (A)
33. (C) 34. (D) 35. (C) 36. (A)
1 1 3  1 4 2  37. (C) 38. (A) 39. (A) 40. (D)
(A)   (B)
5  2 1 5  4 1 41. (B) 42. (C) 43. (C) 44. (B)
1  3 2  1  1 2  45. (B) 46. (C) 47. (A) 48. (B)
(C) (D) 49. (C) 50. (D)
5  4 1 5  1 4 

755