Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jorge M. Galbiati
Función de probabilidad:
e−λ λx
p(x) = si x = 0, 1, 2, ...
x!
F(x)
p(y)
0 x y
APROXIMACION NORMAL DE LA POISSON.
Continuación
Probabilidad
⫺3.4 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0002 0.0 .5000 .5040 .5080 .5120 .5160 .5199 .5239 .5279 .5319 .5359
⫺3.3 .0005 .0005 .0005 .0004 .0004 .0004 .0004 .0004 .0004 .0003 0.1 .5398 .5438 .5478 .5517 .5557 .5596 .5636 .5675 .5714 .5753
⫺3.2 .0007 .0007 .0006 .0006 .0006 .0006 .0006 .0005 .0005 .0005 0.2 .5793 .5832 .5871 .5910 .5948 .5987 .6026 .6064 .6103 .6141
⫺3.1 .0010 .0009 .0009 .0009 .0008 .0008 .0008 .0008 .0007 .0007 0.3 .6179 .6217 .6255 .6293 .6331 .6368 .6406 .6443 .6480 .6517
⫺3.0 .0013 .0013 .0013 .0012 .0012 .0011 .0011 .0011 .0010 .0010 0.4 .6554 .6591 .6628 .6664 .6700 .6736 .6772 .6808 .6844 .6879
⫺2.9 .0019 .0018 .0018 .0017 .0016 .0016 .0015 .0015 .0014 .0014 0.5 .6915 .6950 .6985 .7019 .7054 .7088 .7123 .7157 .7190 .7224
⫺2.8 .0026 .0025 .0024 .0023 .0023 .0022 .0021 .0021 .0020 .0019 0.6 .7257 .7291 .7324 .7357 .7389 .7422 .7454 .7486 .7517 .7549
⫺2.7 .0035 .0034 .0033 .0032 .0031 .0030 .0029 .0028 .0027 .0026 0.7 .7580 .7611 .7642 .7673 .7704 .7734 .7764 .7794 .7823 .7852
⫺2.6 .0047 .0045 .0044 .0043 .0041 .0040 .0039 .0038 .0037 .0036 0.8 .7881 .7910 .7939 .7967 .7995 .8023 .8051 .8078 .8106 .8133
⫺2.5 .0062 .0060 .0059 .0057 .0055 .0054 .0052 .0051 .0049 .0048 0.9 .8159 .8186 .8212 .8238 .8264 .8289 .8315 .8340 .8365 .8389
⫺2.4 .0082 .0080 .0078 .0075 .0073 .0071 .0069 .0068 .0066 .0064 1.0 .8413 .8438 .8461 .8485 .8508 .8531 .8554 .8577 .8599 .8621
⫺2.3 .0107 .0104 .0102 .0099 .0096 .0094 .0091 .0089 .0087 .0084 1.1 .8643 .8665 .8686 .8708 .8729 .8749 .8770 .8790 .8810 .8830
⫺2.2 .0139 .0136 .0132 .0129 .0125 .0122 .0119 .0116 .0113 .0110 1.2 .8849 .8869 .8888 .8907 .8925 .8944 .8962 .8980 .8997 .9015
⫺2.1 .0179 .0174 .0170 .0166 .0162 .0158 .0154 .0150 .0146 .0143 1.3 .9032 .9049 .9066 .9082 .9099 .9115 .9131 .9147 .9162 .9177
⫺2.0 .0228 .0222 .0217 .0212 .0207 .0202 .0197 .0192 .0188 .0183 1.4 .9192 .9207 .9222 .9236 .9251 .9265 .9279 .9292 .9306 .9319
⫺1.9 .0287 .0281 .0274 .0268 .0262 .0256 .0250 .0244 .0239 .0233 1.5 .9332 .9345 .9357 .9370 .9382 .9394 .9406 .9418 .9429 .9441
⫺1.8 .0359 .0351 .0344 .0336 .0329 .0322 .0314 .0307 .0301 .0294 1.6 .9452 .9463 .9474 .9484 .9495 .9505 .9515 .9525 .9535 .9545
⫺1.7 .0446 .0436 .0427 .0418 .0409 .0401 .0392 .0384 .0375 .0367 1.7 .9554 .9564 .9573 .9582 .9591 .9599 .9608 .9616 .9625 .9633
⫺1.6 .0548 .0537 .0526 .0516 .0505 .0495 .0485 .0475 .0465 .0455 1.8 .9641 .9649 .9656 .9664 .9671 .9678 .9686 .9693 .9699 .9706
⫺1.5 .0668 .0655 .0643 .0630 .0618 .0606 .0594 .0582 .0571 .0559 1.9 .9713 .9719 .9726 .9732 .9738 .9744 .9750 .9756 .9761 .9767
⫺1.4 .0808 .0793 .0778 .0764 .0749 .0735 .0721 .0708 .0694 .0681 2.0 .9772 .9778 .9783 .9788 .9793 .9798 .9803 .9808 .9812 .9817
⫺1.3 .0968 .0951 .0934 .0918 .0901 .0885 .0869 .0853 .0838 .0823 2.1 .9821 .9826 .9830 .9834 .9838 .9842 .9846 .9850 .9854 .9857
⫺1.2 .1151 .1131 .1112 .1093 .1075 .1056 .1038 .1020 .1003 .0985 2.2 .9861 .9864 .9868 .9871 .9875 .9878 .9881 .9884 .9887 .9890
⫺1.1 .1357 .1335 .1314 .1292 .1271 .1251 .1230 .1210 .1190 .1170 2.3 .9893 .9896 .9898 .9901 .9904 .9906 .9909 .9911 .9913 .9916
⫺1.0 .1587 .1562 .1539 .1515 .1492 .1469 .1446 .1423 .1401 .1379 2.4 .9918 .9920 .9922 .9925 .9927 .9929 .9931 .9932 .9934 .9936
⫺0.9 .1841 .1814 .1788 .1762 .1736 .1711 .1685 .1660 .1635 .1611 2.5 .9938 .9940 .9941 .9943 .9945 .9946 .9948 .9949 .9951 .9952
⫺0.8 .2119 .2090 .2061 .2033 .2005 .1977 .1949 .1922 .1894 .1867 2.6 .9953 .9955 .9956 .9957 .9959 .9960 .9961 .9962 .9963 .9964
⫺0.7 .2420 .2389 .2358 .2327 .2296 .2266 .2236 .2206 .2177 .2148 2.7 .9965 .9966 .9967 .9968 .9969 .9970 .9971 .9972 .9973 .9974
⫺0.6 .2743 .2709 .2676 .2643 .2611 .2578 .2546 .2514 .2483 .2451 2.8 .9974 .9975 .9976 .9977 .9977 .9978 .9979 .9979 .9980 .9981
⫺0.5 .3085 .3050 .3015 .2981 .2946 .2912 .2877 .2843 .2810 .2776 2.9 .9981 .9982 .9982 .9983 .9984 .9984 .9985 .9985 .9986 .9986
⫺0.4 .3446 .3409 .3372 .3336 .3300 .3264 .3228 .3192 .3156 .3121 3.0 .9987 .9987 .9987 .9988 .9988 .9989 .9989 .9989 .9990 .9990
⫺0.3 .3821 .3783 .3745 .3707 .3669 .3632 .3594 .3557 .3520 .3483 3.1 .9990 .9991 .9991 .9991 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9993 .9993
⫺0.2 .4207 .4168 .4129 .4090 .4052 .4013 .3974 .3936 .3897 .3859 3.2 .9993 .9993 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9995 .9995 .9995
⫺0.1 .4602 .4562 .4522 .4483 .4443 .4404 .4364 .4325 .4286 .4247 3.3 .9995 .9995 .9995 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9997
⫺0.0 .5000 .4960 .4920 .4880 .4840 .4801 .4761 .4721 .4681 .4641 3.4 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9998
DISTRIBUCION JI CUADRADO
Jorge M. Galbiati
Función de densidad:
1
f (x) = k/2
xk/2−1 e−x/2 si x > 0
2 Γ(k/2)
Valor esperado: k
Varianza: 2k
k/2
1
Función generadora de momentos: 1−2t
para t < 1/2
f(y)
F(x)
0 x y
APROXIMACION NORMAL DE LA JI-CUADRADO.
Grados de
Libertad Probabilidad acumulada
0.0005 0.001 0.0025 0.005 0.010 0.025 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.016 0.036 0.064 0.102
2 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.051 0.103 0.211 0.325 0.446 0.575
3 0.015 0.024 0.045 0.072 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.584 0.798 1.005 1.213
4 0.064 0.091 0.145 0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.064 1.366 1.649 1.923
5 0.158 0.210 0.307 0.412 0.554 0.831 1.145 1.610 1.994 2.343 2.675
6 0.299 0.381 0.527 0.676 0.872 1.237 1.635 2.204 2.661 3.070 3.455
7 0.485 0.598 0.794 0.989 1.239 1.690 2.167 2.833 3.358 3.822 4.255
8 0.710 0.857 1.104 1.344 1.646 2.180 2.733 3.490 4.078 4.594 5.071
9 0.972 1.152 1.450 1.735 2.088 2.700 3.325 4.168 4.817 5.380 5.899
10 1.265 1.479 1.827 2.156 2.558 3.247 3.940 4.865 5.570 6.179 6.737
11 1.587 1.834 2.232 2.603 3.053 3.816 4.575 5.578 6.336 6.989 7.584
12 1.934 2.214 2.661 3.074 3.571 4.404 5.226 6.304 7.114 7.807 8.438
13 2.305 2.617 3.112 3.565 4.107 5.009 5.892 7.042 7.901 8.634 9.299
14 2.697 3.041 3.582 4.075 4.660 5.629 6.571 7.790 8.696 9.467 10.17
15 3.108 3.483 4.070 4.601 5.229 6.262 7.261 8.547 9.499 10.31 11.04
16 3.536 3.942 4.573 5.142 5.812 6.908 7.962 9.312 10.31 11.15 11.91
17 3.980 4.416 5.092 5.697 6.408 7.564 8.672 10.09 11.12 12.00 12.79
18 4.439 4.905 5.623 6.265 7.015 8.231 9.390 10.86 11.95 12.86 13.68
19 4.912 5.407 6.167 6.844 7.633 8.907 10.12 11.65 12.77 13.72 14.56
20 5.398 5.921 6.723 7.434 8.260 9.591 10.85 12.44 13.60 14.58 15.45
21 5.896 6.447 7.289 8.034 8.897 10.28 11.59 13.24 14.44 15.44 16.34
22 6.404 6.983 7.865 8.643 9.542 10.98 12.34 14.04 15.28 16.31 17.24
23 6.924 7.529 8.450 9.260 10.20 11.69 13.09 14.85 16.12 17.19 18.14
24 7.453 8.085 9.044 9.886 10.86 12.40 13.85 15.66 16.97 18.06 19.04
25 7.991 8.649 9.646 10.52 11.52 13.12 14.61 16.47 17.82 18.94 19.94
26 8.538 9.222 10.26 11.16 12.20 13.84 15.38 17.29 18.67 19.82 20.84
27 9.093 9.803 10.87 11.81 12.88 14.57 16.15 18.11 19.53 20.70 21.75
28 9.656 10.39 11.50 12.46 13.56 15.31 16.93 18.94 20.39 21.59 22.66
29 10.23 10.99 12.13 13.12 14.26 16.05 17.71 19.77 21.25 22.48 23.57
30 10.80 11.59 12.76 13.79 14.95 16.79 18.49 20.60 22.11 23.36 24.48
35 13.79 14.69 16.03 17.19 18.51 20.57 22.47 24.80 26.46 27.84 29.05
40 16.91 17.92 19.42 20.71 22.16 24.43 26.51 29.05 30.86 32.34 33.66
45 20.14 21.25 22.90 24.31 25.90 28.37 30.61 33.35 35.29 36.88 38.29
50 23.46 24.67 26.46 27.99 29.71 32.36 34.76 37.69 39.75 41.45 42.94
55 26.87 28.17 30.10 31.73 33.57 36.40 38.96 42.06 44.24 46.04 47.61
60 30.34 31.74 33.79 35.53 37.48 40.48 43.19 46.46 48.76 50.64 52.29
65 33.88 35.36 37.54 39.38 41.44 44.60 47.45 50.88 53.29 55.26 56.99
70 37.47 39.04 41.33 43.28 45.44 48.76 51.74 55.33 57.84 59.90 61.70
75 41.11 42.76 45.17 47.21 49.48 52.94 56.05 59.79 62.41 64.55 66.42
80 44.79 46.52 49.04 51.17 53.54 57.15 60.39 64.28 66.99 69.21 71.14
85 48.52 50.32 52.95 55.17 57.63 61.39 64.75 68.78 71.59 73.88 75.88
90 52.28 54.16 56.89 59.20 61.75 65.65 69.13 73.29 76.20 78.56 80.62
95 56.07 58.02 60.86 63.25 65.90 69.92 73.52 77.82 80.81 83.25 85.38
100 59.90 61.92 64.86 67.33 70.06 74.22 77.93 82.36 85.44 87.95 90.13
110 67.63 69.79 72.92 75.55 78.46 82.87 86.79 91.47 94.72 97.36 99.67
120 75.47 77.76 81.07 83.85 86.92 91.57 95.70 100.6 104.0 106.8 109.2
200 140.7 143.8 148.4 152.2 156.4 162.7 168.3 174.8 179.4 183.0 186.2
DISTRIBUCION JI - CUADRADO (2)
Grados de
Libertad Probabilidad acumulada
0.300 0.350 0.400 0.450 0.500 0.550 0.600 0.650 0.700 0.750
1 0.148 0.206 0.275 0.357 0.455 0.571 0.708 0.873 1.074 1.323
2 0.713 0.862 1.022 1.196 1.386 1.597 1.833 2.100 2.408 2.773
3 1.424 1.642 1.869 2.109 2.366 2.643 2.946 3.283 3.665 4.108
4 2.195 2.470 2.753 3.047 3.357 3.687 4.045 4.438 4.878 5.385
5 3.000 3.325 3.655 3.996 4.351 4.728 5.132 5.573 6.064 6.626
6 3.828 4.197 4.570 4.952 5.348 5.765 6.211 6.695 7.231 7.841
7 4.671 5.082 5.493 5.913 6.346 6.800 7.283 7.806 8.383 9.037
8 5.527 5.975 6.423 6.877 7.344 7.833 8.351 8.909 9.524 10.22
9 6.393 6.876 7.357 7.843 8.343 8.863 9.414 10.01 10.66 11.39
10 7.267 7.783 8.295 8.812 9.342 9.892 10.47 11.10 11.78 12.55
11 8.148 8.695 9.237 9.783 10.34 10.92 11.53 12.18 12.90 13.70
12 9.034 9.612 10.18 10.76 11.34 11.95 12.58 13.27 14.01 14.85
13 9.926 10.53 11.13 11.73 12.34 12.97 13.64 14.35 15.12 15.98
14 10.82 11.45 12.08 12.70 13.34 14.00 14.69 15.42 16.22 17.12
15 11.72 12.38 13.03 13.68 14.34 15.02 15.73 16.49 17.32 18.25
16 12.62 13.31 13.98 14.66 15.34 16.04 16.78 17.56 18.42 19.37
17 13.53 14.24 14.94 15.63 16.34 17.06 17.82 18.63 19.51 20.49
18 14.44 15.17 15.89 16.61 17.34 18.09 18.87 19.70 20.60 21.60
19 15.35 16.11 16.85 17.59 18.34 19.11 19.91 20.76 21.69 22.72
20 16.27 17.05 17.81 18.57 19.34 20.13 20.95 21.83 22.77 23.83
21 17.18 17.98 18.77 19.55 20.34 21.15 21.99 22.89 23.86 24.93
22 18.10 18.92 19.73 20.53 21.34 22.17 23.03 23.95 24.94 26.04
23 19.02 19.87 20.69 21.51 22.34 23.19 24.07 25.01 26.02 27.14
24 19.94 20.81 21.65 22.49 23.34 24.20 25.11 26.06 27.10 28.24
25 20.87 21.75 22.62 23.47 24.34 25.22 26.14 27.12 28.17 29.34
26 21.79 22.70 23.58 24.45 25.34 26.24 27.18 28.17 29.25 30.43
27 22.72 23.64 24.54 25.44 26.34 27.26 28.21 29.23 30.32 31.53
28 23.65 24.59 25.51 26.42 27.34 28.27 29.25 30.28 31.39 32.62
29 24.58 25.54 26.48 27.40 28.34 29.29 30.28 31.33 32.46 33.71
30 25.51 26.49 27.44 28.39 29.34 30.31 31.32 32.38 33.53 34.80
35 30.18 31.25 32.28 33.31 34.34 35.39 36.47 37.62 38.86 40.22
40 34.87 36.02 37.13 38.23 39.34 40.46 41.62 42.85 44.16 45.62
45 39.58 40.81 42.00 43.16 44.34 45.53 46.76 48.06 49.45 50.98
50 44.31 45.61 46.86 48.10 49.33 50.59 51.89 53.26 54.72 56.33
55 49.06 50.42 51.74 53.04 54.33 55.65 57.02 58.45 59.98 61.66
60 53.81 55.24 56.62 57.98 59.33 60.71 62.13 63.63 65.23 66.98
65 58.57 60.07 61.51 62.92 64.33 65.77 67.25 68.80 70.46 72.28
70 63.35 64.90 66.40 67.87 69.33 70.82 72.36 73.97 75.69 77.58
75 68.13 69.74 71.29 72.81 74.33 75.88 77.46 79.13 80.91 82.86
80 72.92 74.58 76.19 77.76 79.33 80.93 82.57 84.28 86.12 88.13
85 77.71 79.43 81.09 82.71 84.33 85.98 87.67 89.43 91.32 93.39
90 82.51 84.29 85.99 87.67 89.33 91.02 92.76 94.58 96.52 98.65
95 87.32 89.14 90.90 92.62 94.33 96.07 97.85 99.72 101.7 103.9
100 92.13 94.00 95.81 97.57 99.33 101.1 102.9 104.9 106.9 109.1
110 101.8 103.7 105.6 107.5 109.3 111.2 113.1 115.1 117.3 119.6
120 111.4 113.5 115.5 117.4 119.3 121.3 123.3 125.4 127.6 130.1
200 189.0 191.7 194.3 196.8 199.3 201.9 204.4 207.1 210.0 213.1
DISTRIBUCION JI - CUADRADO (3)
Grados de
Libertad Probabilidad acumulada
0.800 0.850 0.900 0.950 0.975 0.990 0.995 0.998 0.999 0.9995
1 1.642 2.072 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879 9.141 10.83 12.12
2 3.219 3.794 4.606 5.992 7.379 9.214 10.60 12.00 13.85 15.27
3 4.642 5.317 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.34 12.84 14.32 16.27 17.73
4 5.989 6.745 7.779 9.488 11.14 13.28 14.86 16.42 18.47 20.00
5 7.289 8.115 9.236 11.07 12.83 15.09 16.75 18.39 20.52 22.11
6 8.558 9.446 10.64 12.59 14.45 16.81 18.55 20.25 22.46 24.10
7 9.803 10.75 12.02 14.07 16.01 18.48 20.28 22.04 24.32 26.02
8 11.03 12.03 13.36 15.51 17.53 20.09 21.95 23.77 26.12 27.87
9 12.24 13.29 14.68 16.92 19.02 21.67 23.59 25.46 27.88 29.67
10 13.44 14.53 15.99 18.31 20.48 23.21 25.19 27.11 29.59 31.42
11 14.63 15.77 17.28 19.68 21.92 24.72 26.76 28.73 31.26 33.14
12 15.81 16.99 18.55 21.03 23.34 26.22 28.30 30.32 32.91 34.82
13 16.98 18.20 19.81 22.36 24.74 27.69 29.82 31.88 34.53 36.48
14 18.15 19.41 21.06 23.68 26.12 29.14 31.32 33.43 36.12 38.11
15 19.31 20.60 22.31 25.00 27.49 30.58 32.80 34.95 37.70 39.72
16 20.47 21.79 23.54 26.30 28.85 32.00 34.27 36.46 39.25 41.31
17 21.61 22.98 24.77 27.59 30.19 33.41 35.72 37.95 40.79 42.88
18 22.76 24.16 25.99 28.87 31.53 34.81 37.16 39.42 42.31 44.43
19 23.90 25.33 27.20 30.14 32.85 36.19 38.58 40.88 43.82 45.97
20 25.04 26.50 28.41 31.41 34.17 37.57 40.00 42.34 45.31 47.50
21 26.17 27.66 29.62 32.67 35.48 38.93 41.40 43.78 46.80 49.01
22 27.30 28.82 30.81 33.92 36.78 40.29 42.80 45.20 48.27 50.51
23 28.43 29.98 32.01 35.17 38.08 41.64 44.18 46.62 49.73 52.00
24 29.55 31.13 33.20 36.42 39.36 42.98 45.56 48.03 51.18 53.48
25 30.68 32.28 34.38 37.65 40.65 44.31 46.93 49.44 52.62 54.95
26 31.79 33.43 35.56 38.89 41.92 45.64 48.29 50.83 54.05 56.41
27 32.91 34.57 36.74 40.11 43.19 46.96 49.64 52.22 55.48 57.86
28 34.03 35.71 37.92 41.34 44.46 48.28 50.99 53.59 56.89 59.30
29 35.14 36.85 39.09 42.56 45.72 49.59 52.34 54.97 58.30 60.73
30 36.25 37.99 40.26 43.77 46.98 50.89 53.67 56.33 59.70 62.16
35 41.78 43.64 46.06 49.80 53.20 57.34 60.27 63.08 66.62 69.20
40 47.27 49.24 51.81 55.76 59.34 63.69 66.77 69.70 73.40 76.09
45 52.73 54.81 57.51 61.66 65.41 69.96 73.17 76.22 80.08 82.88
50 58.16 60.35 63.17 67.50 71.42 76.15 79.49 82.66 86.66 89.56
55 63.58 65.86 68.80 73.31 77.38 82.29 85.75 89.03 93.17 96.16
60 68.97 71.34 74.40 79.08 83.30 88.38 91.95 95.34 99.61 102.7
65 74.35 76.81 79.97 84.82 89.18 94.42 98.11 101.6 106.0 109.2
70 79.71 82.26 85.53 90.53 95.02 100.4 104.2 107.8 112.3 115.6
75 85.07 87.69 91.06 96.22 100.8 106.4 110.3 114.0 118.6 121.9
80 90.41 93.11 96.58 101.9 106.6 112.3 116.3 120.1 124.8 128.3
85 95.73 98.51 102.1 107.5 112.4 118.2 122.3 126.2 131.0 134.5
90 101.1 103.9 107.6 113.1 118.1 124.1 128.3 132.3 137.2 140.8
95 106.4 109.3 113.0 118.8 123.9 130.0 134.2 138.3 143.3 147.0
100 111.7 114.7 118.5 124.3 129.6 135.8 140.2 144.3 149.4 153.2
110 122.2 125.4 129.4 135.5 140.9 147.4 151.9 156.2 161.6 165.4
120 132.8 136.1 140.2 146.6 152.2 159.0 163.6 168.1 173.6 177.6
200 216.6 220.7 226.0 234.0 241.1 249.4 255.3 260.7 267.5 272.4
DISTRIBUCION T DE STUDENT
Jorge M. Galbiati
Función de densidad:
Γ k+1
2 1 1
f (x) = ·√ · para x ∈ (−∞, +∞)
Γ k/2 (kπ) x2
k+1
2
1+ k
k
Varianza: k−2
para k > 2
f(y)
F(x)
0 x y
Grados de
Libertad Probabilidad acumulada
Grados de
Libertad Probabilidad acumulada