Grade-6/Notes/Worksheet/3-11-11

Introduction to Number System

Definition: Number system is the way to represent a number in different forms.

Types of Number system:

1. Binary Number System: It is the number system with base value 2 means it has only two digits to
represent the data. The digits are (0, 1). E.g. 00,01,10,11,100….
2. Decimal Number System: It is the number system with base value 10 means it has 10-digits to
represent the data. The digits are(0-9). Eg. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 ………
3. Octal Number System: It is the number system with base value 8 means it has 8 digits to represent
the data. The digits are ( 0-7).
4. Hexadecimal Number System : It is the number system with base value 16 means it has 16 digits
to represent the data. The digits are (0-15). Eg. 0,1,2,3…….,9,A,B,C,D,E,F

Bits & Bytes:

1 bit(binary digit) = 1 digit. For example: 1

1 byte = 8-bits
1 kilo byte= 210 = 1024 bytes
1 mega byte = 210 * 210 = 220 = 1024 kilo bytes
1 giga byte= 230= 1024 mega bytes
1 tera byte= 240= 1024 giga bytes

Binary Number System:

In binary number system is made up of 2 digits- 0 and 1. We use these two digits to represent data.
0 Start at 0
1 Then 1
??? Then no other symbol

So we count in the same way as using decimal number system. For example:
Decimal number system start at 0 and then 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9… now what after nine repeat the no in
combination such as start at 0 again the add 1 to the left of 0 resultant 10 , 11 ,12… so on. 100, 1000 etc.

The same method we follow in Binary number system:

So confused!
Decimal Binary Value Decimal Binary Value how we get this?
Number Number
0 0 6 110
1 1 7 111
2 10 8 1000
3 11 9 1001
4 100 10 1010
5 101 11 1011

Lets do a little Mathematics:

25 24 23 22 21 20 =
32 16 8 4 2 1  Confuse again? Have a
look on the bold letter 2,
0= 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 is representing that 2
1= 0 0 0 0 0 1
2= 0 0 0 0 1 0
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3= 0 0 0 0 1 1
4= 0 0 0 1 0 0
5= 0 0 0 1 0 1
6= 0 0 0 1 1 0
7= 0 0 0 1 1 1
STOP? Are you able to
8= 0 0 1 0 0 0 create the binary
9= 0 0 1 0 0 1 counting
10= 0 0 1 0 1 0

If no, Just look at the power values : 20, 21, 22, 23, 24…….2n
20= 1
21= 2
23= 8
24=16 so on…..

Lets calculate 2, we have only two digits 0 and 1.

For 2 , I can write in front of 21 as its equal to 2.

Hmmm…..again what about 3? If I will add 2+1 =3 so there for 1 is assigned in front of the power of 20
and 21.
Still not get : Ok read this,
Decimal
Well how do we count in Decimal? 0 Start at 0
... Count 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, and then...
9 This is the last digit in Decimal
10 So we start back at 0 again, but add 1 on the left

The same thing is done in binary ...

Binary
0 Start at 0
• 1 Then 1
•• 10 Now start back at 0 again, but add 1 on the left
••• 11 1 more
•••• ??? But NOW what ... ?

Conversion between Decimal to Binary

To convert a decimal number into binary number system. Follow the following Steps:-
Step-1: Divide the Number by 2 (as 2 is the base of the binary number system).
Step-2 : Collect the remainder.
Step-3: Divide the quotient again with 2.
Step-4: Repeat the step 2 & 3 until the quotient is 0.
Step-5: Start from bottom, read the sequence of remainders upwards to the top.
Example-1
Convert (15)10 = (?)2 Example-2: Convert (156)10 = (?)2
215 Remainder

7 1
3 1
1 1
0 1

Binary conversion of the (15)10=

(1111)2
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Hexadecimal Number system:

This number system has a base value 16. We can use (0-15) decimal numbers to represent hexadecimal
numbers. It uses 16 distinct numbers to represent the values.

Decimal numbers Binary Number Hexadecimal Number

0 00 0
1 01 1
2 10 2
3 11 3
4 100 4
5 101 5
6 110 6
7 111 7
8 1000 8
9 1001 9
10 1010 A
11 1011 B
12 1100 C
13 1101 D
14 1110 E
15 1111 F

ASCII (American Standard Code Interchange Information) Code: ASCII is a character set that is used to
interchange information to binary and from binary to decimal. ASCII is a 8-bit character containing 256
characters.

0-31 Control code

32-127 Standard, alphabet A-Z and a-z
128-255 Special Symbols, non standard
characters

Unicode: Unicode is a character set that is used to interchange information to binary language and from
binary to decimal language. The latest version of Unicode is Unicode 6.0. It is a computing industry
standard encoding scheme to represent a text.

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System Design Cycle Handouts

Grade-6
Technology

a) http://www.flickr.com/photos/superkimbo/3520372333/
b) Technology guide for MYP by IB

Design Cycle:

Design cycle is model to characterize the learning & teaching approach to deliver MYP-technology. It’s a
methodology where emphasis is on the process & development of practical and intellectual skills to find a solution
of the problem.
The MYP technology design cycle consist of four major stages and these relate to the objectives of the course.

INVESTIGATE:

Identify the problem to be solved, they should be able to:

 Identify a person/group of persons who can help them to find the solutions of the problem in hand. For this
student can conduct interviews and survey in order to identify the problem to be solved. As part of this you
may have to prepare a proper questionnaire.
 Evaluate the importance of the problem for life, society and the environment.
 Outline the design brief.

Design Brief- In design brief student will response to the challenges and shows how he/she will
present the problem to be solved and guide his/her investigation towards design specification.

Develop the design brief, you should be able to:

 Formulate and discuss appropriate questions that guide the investigation.
 Collect, analyze, select, organize and evaluate information.
 Evaluate the source of information.

Design Specification- During this stage student has to describe the detail description of the
conditions, requirements, materials and methods. All appropriate solutions will need to comply
with the design specification.

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Formulate a design specification, you should be able to:
 List the specific requirements that must be met by the product/solution.
 Design tests to evaluate the product/solution against the design specification.
 Identify the appropriate sources of information.
 Evaluate the sources of information.
ForExample:
How can I use my skills in Multimedia to help someone to make an informed decision while purchasing a Laptop?

Design brief:- I will use PowerPoint to make my multimedia solution. I will use Slide layout, slide design,
transition, animation, action buttons and Hyperlink etc. option to make my presentation informative. I will use
internet, magazines and newsletter as a source of information.

Design Specification:-
Features Specifications
No. of slides & Slide layout 20, Title slide, title slide with 2 columns, content slide
& blank slide to design my own layout
Action button Movie, volume, document(to compare my prizes),
previous & next button etc.
Formatting option Font & Colour scheme- 12 for content, 20 for
headings, blue/black, images, B/I/U( necessary) etc.
Animation & transition Suited to my contents

Bibliography and Areas Of Interaction can be included with the investigation section.
 It is important to cite and acknowledge sources that you may have used in your project.
 You must address the Area’s of interaction.

PLAN:

Design the product/solution, they should be able to:

 Generate several feasible designs that meet the design specification.
 The design could be in the form of sketch. You need to draw three or four design layout of your
presentation/booklet/brochure etc. with the font and formatting features to be used.
 Evaluate the designs against the design specification.
 Select one design and justify its choice.

Plan the product, they should be able to:

 Construct a plan to create the product that has series of logical steps.
- Create a timeline for the entire project (Investigation, design, plan, create and evaluate) including Dates,
Time, Location and Tools. The timeline should be realistic and should include an estimate of how much time
you will be spending on each steps of the design cycle.
 Evaluate the plan and justify and modification to the design.

CREATE:

Use appropriate techniques and equipment, you should be able to:

 Ensure a safe working environment for themselves and others.
 Follow the plan to produce the product/solution.
 Evaluate the plan and justify any changes to the plan.
 Create a product of appropriate quality.

EVALUATE:

Evaluate the product, you should be able to:

 Carry out tests to evaluate the product against the design specification.
 Evaluate the success of the product in an objective manner based on testing.
 Evaluate the impact of the product on individuals and on society.
 Explain how the product could be improved.
You can use various evaluation methods:-
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1. Self Evaluation
2. Peer Evaluation
3. Teacher’s Evaluation

Evaluate the use of the design cycle, you should be able to:
 Evaluate your performance at each stage of the design cycle.
 Suggest ways in which their performance could be improved.

ATTITUDES IN TECHNOLOGY:
It focuses on overall assessment of two aspects:-
a) Personal Engagement (involvement, contribution, attitude, motivation & independence)
b) Attitude towards safety, cooperation and respect for others.

During the course, student should:

 Carry outs units of work in technology using materials and techniques safely and responsibly.
 Work effectively as members of a team, collaborating, acknowledging and supporting the views of others.
 Provide evidence of personal engagement with the subject (motivation, independence, general positive
attitude) when working in technology.

Worksheet

1. Write important part of the investigate stage.

a) plan, logical step b) design brief, interview
c) Design specification, Design brief d) Evaluate, design

2. Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of brainstorming?

a) It involves a face-to-face gathering during which participants openly discuss the issue at hand
b) It is an idea generating exercise used to solve problems or address issues in a group setting
c) Each participant should verbalize any idea they have no matter how stupid or silly it may seem
d) Participants should not share any idea that they think others will make fun of or criticize

3. Which of the following is not true about a product design specification?

a) It states the precise limits for the complete range of performance requirements
b) It identifies features or requirements that must be met
c) It identifies features that should be met as long as they are economically feasible
d) It provides a detailed part by part analysis of the final product

4. Which of the following is the final stage of the design cycle?

a) Investigate b) Plan
c) Create d) Evaluate

Detail Answer type questions:

1. What is design cycle?

2. Draw the design cycle diagram & explain each stage.
3. What is number system?
4. Convert decimal number to binary number system: (29)10= (?)2 , (19)10= (?)2, (86)10=(?)2
5. What is the difference between ASCII & Unicode?
6. Write two input and output devices.
7. Define Hardware and Software with examples.