Name Garv Bhatngar Subject: I&S MYP: 3B

Unit title: Understanding Nationalism Home Assignment

Key concept: Related concept(s): Global context: Fairness & Development
Change Governance & Ideologies
Statement of Inquiry: Difference in ideology result in changes of governance

Time set for assignment: 1 hr 30 mins Time Taken: Date: 13/3/19

(A) How do we define fascism today?

The Fascist Century, Anthony James Joes, May 1, 1978

Writing about fascism can get one in trouble. "Fascist" is used to describe every nasty person—from Mussolini and his
henchmen to ill-tempered policemen and professors who expect their students to complete assignments…

Fascists I define as those who like the rulers of Italy after 1922, approach political life with certain fundamental ideas.
First, politics is pre-eminently a dangerous competition among nations; the strong may survive, the weak will be
subjugated. Second, and consequently, the productive power of one’s country must be raised to the utmost; in this
struggle for production (and survival) there is room for neither capitalist egoism nor Marxist class struggle, but only for
class collaboration under state supervision. Third, ensuring these goals in a perilous world requires not constitutional
restraints, parliamentary palaver [hassle], or partisan divisions, but unlimited authority wielded by a sagacious and
acknowledged elite: "Nothing above the State, nothing against the State.”

Fascist policies will vary from state to state and from time to time. Above all fascism does not require "racial" campaigns
of the Nazis. It is basic beliefs that make fascism what it is.

1. a) Define Fascism.

Fascism is a system where there is one authoritarian rule, not supported by monarchy, multiple classes, or
democracy. Fascism is a rule where nothing is usually said against said ruler, and everything that goes on in
the country, whether it be economical, social, political, or cultural, all goes back to the said dictator. Many
fascists throughout history also go to their way to literally execute any competition and opponents.

1. b) Where does the word Fascism come from? What does it symbolize and mean?

Fascism as a system first originated in Italy after the first world war, due to Mussolini. He was the first one,
then Spain and Germany, to establish a full fascist rule, and set in the ideals of fascism, which is something
that both Francisco Franco and Adolf Hitler continued. Fascism symbolizes complete control of a state, and
that control usually being in the hands of one individual.

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 2. Discuss any 2 causes that led to the rise of fascism

2 causes that led to the rise of fascism are of course Italy’s change of sides in the first world war, where
after the establishment of the treaty of versailles, Italy was given no land, which made many italian citizens
and army men quite angry, and led to the rise of Mussolini. Another cause that led to the rise of fascism
could also be the establishment of other communist and capitalist states, such as the establishment of the
Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution.

(B)

Nazism, also spelled Naziism, in full National Socialism, German Nationalsozialismus, totalitarian movement
led by Adolf Hitler as head of the Nazi Party in Germany. In its intense nationalism, mass appeal, and
dictatorial rule, Nazism shared many elements with Italian fascism. However, Nazism was far more extreme
both in its ideas and in its practice. In almost every respect it was an anti-intellectual and a theoretical
movement, emphasizing the will of the charismatic dictator as the sole source of inspiration of a people and a
nation, as well as a vision of annihilation of all enemies of the Aryan Volk as the one and only goal of Nazi
policy.
1. What led to the rise of Nazism in Germany in reference to:
a) Growing fear of communism
b) Charismatic personality of Hitler
Evaluate both the factors

2. State any two similarities between the AIMS of Fascism and Nazism.

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 (C) Read the extract carefully

Throughout the 19th century, the people living in Germany's different states began to realise that culturally,
they were very similar. This led many to believe that the German people should be united politically.

The French occupation of German lands before 1815 resulted in a growth of resentment towards the
occupying forces. These feelings led people to react against French ideas and culture. Instead of French
Rationalism, German Romanticism flourished. Artists and writers looked to the inner life of individuals.
Others evoked the idea of a national spirit or "volk" - something that had existed in the past but been
suppressed under Napoleon's rule. A culture emerged that encouraged people of the subjugated states to
consider their identity and their roots.

Also read this Statement of Inquiry

“Cultural unity and economic cooperation under the Zollverein helped German nationalism to grow”

Now formulate a clear and focused research question to investigate the statement of inquiry.

Justify the relevance of your research question in relation to statement of inquiry