CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION
2. DESIGN
3. REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
4. DATA ANALYSIS
5. CONCLUSION
6. REFERENCE & BIBLIOGRAPHY
7. INPUT & OUTPUT SCREENS
8. CODING

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INTRODUCTION

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 INTRODUCTION

Accountant

Definition

Qualified person who is trained in bookkeeping and in preparation, auditing and analysis
of accounts. Accountants prepare annual reports and financial statements for planning and
decision making, and advise on tax laws and investment opportunities.
Meaning

An accountant is a practitioner of accounting or accountancy, which is the measurement,

disclosure or provision of assurance about financial information that helps managers,
investors, tax authorities and others make decisions about allocating resource(s).

In many jurisdictions, professional accounting bodies maintain standards of practice and

evaluations for professionals. Accountants who have demonstrated competency through
their professional associations' certification exams are certified to use titles such as
Chartered Accountant, Chartered Certified Accountant or Certified Public Accountant.
Such professionals are granted certain responsibilities by statute, such as the ability to
certify an organization's financial statements, and may be held liable for professional
misconduct. Non-qualified accountants may be employed by a qualified accountant, or
may work independently without statutory privileges and obligations.

Cahan & Sun (2015) used archival study to find out that accountants’ personal
characteristics may exert a very significant impact during the audit process and further
influence audit cash and audit quality.

The Big Four auditors are the largest employers of accountants worldwide. However, most
accountants are employed in commerce, industry and the public sector.

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 ACADEMIC ELIGIBILITY

 B.Com/ BSc/BA in accounting, finance or relevant field

 Excellent knowledge of MS Office and familiarity with relevant computer
software (e.g. SAP)

 Qualifications (ACA, ACCA or CIMA) is a plus but not required

Assistant Accountant Job Responsibilities:

Provides financial information to management by researching and analyzing accounting

data; preparing reports.

Assistant Accountant Job Duties:

 Prepares asset, liability, and capital account entries by compiling and analyzing
account information.
 Documents financial transactions by entering account information.

 Recommends financial actions by analyzing accounting options.

 Summarizes current financial status by collecting information; preparing balance

sheet, profit and loss statement, and other reports.

 Substantiates financial transactions by auditing documents.

 Maintains accounting controls by preparing and recommending policies and

procedures.

 Guides accounting clerical staff by coordinating activities and answering

questions.

 Reconciles financial discrepancies by collecting and analyzing account

information.

 Secures financial information by completing data base backups.

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  Maintains financial security by following internal controls.

 Prepares payments by verifying documentation, and requesting disbursements.

 Answers accounting procedure questions by researching and interpreting

accounting policy and regulations.

 Complies with federal, state, and local financial legal requirements by studying
existing and new legislation, enforcing adherence to requirements, and advising
management on needed actions.

 Prepares special financial reports by collecting, analyzing, and summarizing

account information and trends.

 Maintains customer confidence and protects operations by keeping financial

information confidential.

 Maintains professional and technical knowledge by attending educational

workshops; reviewing professional publications; establishing personal networks;
participating in professional societies.

 Accomplishes the result by performing the duty.

 Contributes to team effort by accomplishing related results as needed.

Accountant Skills and Qualifications:

Accounting, Corporate Finance, Reporting Skills, Attention to Detail, Deadline-Oriented,

Reporting Research Results, SFAS Rules, Confidentiality, Time Management, Data Entry
Management, General Math Skills

TRAINING AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS

Requirements

 Proven experience as a junior accountant

 Excellent organizing abilities

 Great attention to detail

 Good with numbers and figures and an analytical acumen

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 Good understanding of accounting and financial reporting principles and practices

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 ABOUT JOB PROFILE
A bachelor’s degree is the minimum prerequisite for most careers in the accounting
industry. The industry is growing and is expected to continue to grow as laws and policies
change and as more companies have their finances closely inspected. This means that
there are good prospects for those entering the industry and those opportunities can be
maximized by showing expertise in computer applications, gaining a license or
certification from a professional organization, or earning a master’s or doctorate degree.

The main job of an accountant or auditor is to make sure that businesses maximize
production, pay taxes correctly, and keep public records. They do this in a number of ways
including keeping accounts for governments, administrations, and the public; and also
performing auditing services inside organizations. Accountants review, draft, and
authenticate documents containing financial information for clients. In addition,
accountants are finding it increasing valuable to posses associated knowledge in areas like
information technology, the law, analyzing budgets, and planning investments.

Types of Accountants and Auditors

 Public Accountants: People involved in this area work for a wide range of clients
including businesses, governmental organizations, nonprofit organizations, or
personal clients. They usually get certification as a Certified Public Accountant
(CPA) and work either independently or as a member of an accounting firm. They
provide an equally wide range of services, including consulting on taxes,
accounting, and auditing. Some might help businesses maximize profits by
advising them on taxation, for example suggesting tax deductible expenditures or
providing advice to help managements make better decisions. Others might help
companies in evaluating employee benefits, insurance, compensation, developing
programs for accounting or processing data, or safeguarding assets. Others might
audit financial information and prepare statements for investors or officials to
show that their financial activities have been properly conducted and reported.

Forensic accounting is a branch of public accounting that deals with criminal

activities like fraud, embezzlement, legal disputes, money laundering, or
bankruptcies. Analyzing and investigating these crimes requires awareness of
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 finance and accounting along with knowledge of the law and investigation skills.
Forensic accountants often work with law enforcement officers and attorneys and
serve as expert witnesses in courts of law.
A number of public scandals involving accounting have led to new federal
legislation. This legislation states that the firm that provides auditing services for a
company cannot also provide consultation in other areas like investments, law,
human resources, or technology. They can, however, still provide services in
taxation, provide those services for other clients, and provide consultation to
members of their own firm.

 Management Accountants: These accountants provide services in reporting and

analyzing financial data for their corporation. They are alternately termed private,
corporate, industrial, or cost accountants. They generally work as a specialist in an
executive team that makes major decisions about expanding production or
strategic planning. They can also be involved in budgeting, maximizing
expenditures and production, and evaluating performance of personnel and
equipment. They also draft reports for outside interests like stockholders, banks,
and authorities. Often they work in accounting departments, where they might be
involved in strategic planning, budgeting, accounting for expenditures, or analysis.
 Government Accountants/Auditors: They work for government agencies at the
federal, state, or local level, or for corporations or individuals who are regulated by
the government or txed. Those who work directly for the government ensure that
income and spending are appropriate and legal. Those who work for the federal
government often work for the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) or provide other
services like investigation of financial institutions, analyzing budgets,
administration, or management of finances.

 Internal Auditors: These work for businesses or organizations, and are becoming
more and more important. They check their corporation’s records to ensure that
they are correct and look for problems such as inefficiency or criminal activities.
They look at financial situations, information systems, management, and internal
controls to make sure that everything is in order. They also look their corporation’s
processes to assess efficiency, legality, appropriateness, and efficacy. Internal
auditors can specialize in many different areas like environment, engineering,
insurance, healthcare, law, technology, or data-processing. As more information is
made available more quickly, auditors can use computers to make better and more

8|Page
 timely decisions. They may even offer advice about the most efficient and reliable
use of computers.

Industry Trends

Computers are the biggest agents of change in accounting. They are making almost every
area more efficient and accurate. They provide templates and standard forms for
transactions and records, and organize the data better. Increasing access to a company’s
data allow accountants to have quick access to the information they need to do their job
effectively, and new accounting software makes the work more efficient and enjoyable by
eliminating a lot of manual work. They also resolve problems of geography through the
World Wide Web. Thus, the modern accountant needs to be well-versed with computer
programs and using the internet. Many accountants even specialize in writing programs or
troubleshooting existing programs. Some accountants are even involved in technical
aspects like developing or implementing technological systems and maintaining networks.

Personal financial advisors are gaining popularity as more clients need reliable, honest,
competent individuals or firms. Personal financial officers provide services in preparing taxes,
personal budgets, and retirement plans. They also can help clients develop investment portfolios,
effectively utilize assets, and provide advice on recognizing and minimizing risks. However,
regulations prevent accountants from both providing these services and preparing financial
statements for the same client.

Work Environment

While self-employed accountants might work from home, the majority of accountants
work in a normal office setting. Those employed as public accountants for either firms or
government agencies may travel to different businesses or facilities.

Accountants and auditors work a customary forty hours per week, but depending on type
of firm and number of clients they may work longer. Also, those who specialize in taxes
may have a seasonal increased workload.

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 CAREER INTEREST

The senior accountant is responsible for applying accounting principles and procedures to
analyze financial information, prepare accurate and timely financial reports and
statements and ensure appropriate accounting control procedures.

Main Job Tasks and Responsibilities

 compile and analyze financial information to prepare financial statements

including monthly and annual accounts
 ensure financial records are maintained in compliance with accepted policies and
procedures

CAREER PLAN

Accountant Career Path - Accountant Average Salary

If you're interested in an accountant career path and/or an accountant average salary, this
interview with accountant Christine White crunches the numbers. Christine has gone out
of her way to follow her own path as an accountant by continuing her education with
online accounting classes, pursuing forensic accounting, and always focusing on excellent
customer service. She spoke to us about how she started her accountant career path, the
responsibilities of accounting jobs, the education needed for an accountant career and how
self-employment vs. working at a firm may impact an accountant's average salary.

Education and Training Requirements

To become an Accountant, a person must have at least a bachelor's degree with a major in
accounting. Courses in economics, communications, computers, and the humanities are
also helpful. Many external Accountants receive advanced degrees, such as a master's
degree in business administration (MBA) or a law degree.
Many public accounting firms require their external Accountants to pass their state's
certification examination and earn a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) designation. All
states use the four-part Uniform CPA Examination issued by the American Institute of
Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). The exam lasts for two days and typically has a
pass rate of only 25 percent. Before candidates can take the exam, most states require that
they have 150 hours of college-level course-work, which is the equivalent of a master's
degree and an undergraduate degree.

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Other qualifications
. Previous experience in accounting or auditing can help an applicant get a job. Many
colleges offer students the opportunity to gain experience through summer or part-time
internship programs conducted by public accounting or business firms. In addition, as
many business processes are now automated, practical knowledge of computers and their
applications is a great asset for jobseekers in the accounting and auditing fields.
People planning a career in accounting and auditing should have an aptitude for
mathematics and be able to analyze, compare, and interpret facts and figures quickly.
They must be able to clearly communicate the results of their work to clients and
managers both verbally and in writing. Accountants and Accountants must be good at
working with people, business systems, and computers. At a minimum, accountants and
Accountants should be familiar with basic accounting and computer software packages.
Because financial decisions are made on the basis of their statements and services,
accountants and Accountants should have high standards of integrity.

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 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
 To develop and maintain financial data bases
 To Study financial audit preparation and coordinate the audit process

 To Study ensure accurate and appropriate recording and analysis of revenues and
expenses

 To Study analyze and advise on business operations including revenue and

expenditure trends, financial commitments and future revenues.

 To Study analyze financial information to recommend or develop efficient use of

resources and procedures, provide strategic recommendations and maintain
solutions to business and financial problems

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Types of Accountants and Auditors
 Public Accountants: People involved in this area work for a wide range of clients
including businesses, governmental organizations, nonprofit organizations, or
personal clients. They usually get certification as a Certified Public Accountant
(CPA) and work either independently or as a member of an accounting firm. They
provide an equally wide range of services, including consulting on taxes,
accounting, and auditing. Some might help businesses maximize profits by
advising them on taxation, for example suggesting tax deductible expenditures or
providing advice to help managements make better decisions. Others might help
companies in evaluating employee benefits, insurance, compensation, developing
programs for accounting or processing data, or safeguarding assets. Others might
audit financial information and prepare statements for investors or officials to
show that their financial activities have been properly conducted and reported.

Forensic accounting is a branch of public accounting that deals with criminal

activities like fraud, embezzlement, legal disputes, money laundering, or
bankruptcies. Analyzing and investigating these crimes requires awareness of
finance and accounting along with knowledge of the law and investigation skills.
Forensic accountants often work with law enforcement officers and attorneys and
serve as expert witnesses in courts of law.
A number of public scandals involving accounting have led to new federal
legislation. This legislation states that the firm that provides auditing services for a
company cannot also provide consultation in other areas like investments, law,
human resources, or technology. They can, however, still provide services in
taxation, provide those services for other clients, and provide consultation to
members of their own firm.

 Management Accountants: These accountants provide services in reporting and

analyzing financial data for their corporation. They are alternately termed private,
corporate, industrial, or cost accountants. They generally work as a specialist in an
executive team that makes major decisions about expanding production or
strategic planning. They can also be involved in budgeting, maximizing
expenditures and production, and evaluating performance of personnel and
equipment. They also draft reports for outside interests like stockholders, banks,

13 | P a g e
 and authorities. Often they work in accounting departments, where they might be
involved in strategic planning, budgeting, accounting for expenditures, or analysis.
 Government Accountants/Auditors: They work for government agencies at the
federal, state, or local level, or for corporations or individuals who are regulated by
the government or txed. Those who work directly for the government ensure that
income and spending are appropriate and legal. Those who work for the federal
government often work for the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) or provide other
services like investigation of financial institutions, analyzing budgets,
administration, or management of finances.

 Internal Auditors: These work for businesses or organizations, and are becoming
more and more important. They check their corporation’s records to ensure that
they are correct and look for problems such as inefficiency or criminal activities.
They look at financial situations, information systems, management, and internal
controls to make sure that everything is in order. They also look their corporation’s
processes to assess efficiency, legality, appropriateness, and efficacy. Internal
auditors can specialize in many different areas like environment, engineering,
insurance, healthcare, law, technology, or data-processing. As more information is
made available more quickly, auditors can use computers to make better and more
timely decisions. They may even offer advice about the most efficient and reliable
use of computers.

Industry Trends
Computers are the biggest agents of change in accounting. They are making almost every
area more efficient and accurate. They provide templates and standard forms for
transactions and records, and organize the data better. Increasing access to a company’s
data allow accountants to have quick access to the information they need to do their job
effectively, and new accounting software makes the work more efficient and enjoyable by
eliminating a lot of manual work. They also resolve problems of geography through the
World Wide Web. Thus, the modern accountant needs to be well-versed with computer
programs and using the internet. Many accountants even specialize in writing programs or
troubleshooting existing programs. Some accountants are even involved in technical
aspects like developing or implementing technological systems and maintaining networks.
Personal financial advisors are gaining popularity as more clients need reliable, honest,
competent individuals or firms. Personal financial officers provide services in preparing
taxes, personal budgets, and retirement plans. They also can help clients develop
14 | P a g e
investment portfolios, effectively utilize assets, and provide advice on recognizing and
minimizing risks. However, regulations prevent accountants from both providing these
services and preparing financial statements for the same client.

Work Environment
While self-employed accountants might work from home, the majority of accountants
work in a normal office setting. Those employed as public accountants for either firms or
government agencies may travel to different businesses or facilities.
Accountants and auditors work a customary forty hours per week, but depending on type
of firm and number of clients they may work longer. Also, those who specialize in taxes
may have a seasonal increased workload.

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DESIGN

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 DESIGN
ANALYSIS

Analysis was the end result of the feasibility study. Once feasibility was done the next step
was analysis. We have used both traditional tools as well as structured tools to collect data
and analyze it effectively.

We have studied the whole process of the organization and its handling after that we
designed my programs in paper and mind.

Then we thought out how, what, where, and who of input system and same is for output
system.

DESIGN PHASE

Perhaps more entertaining as well as vital phase in design phase as if you fault to take
care in design the software your project creates a lot of problems and finally it becomes a
permanent headache for the developer as frequently you are called to short out problems
and normal working at the site for the user gets severely affected and as end result your
relations with the user get completely spoiled .In ordered to avoid hose one needs to be
very careful in designing process and one must remember that 80% of projects fail
because of the casual approach of the programmers .We would like to suggest that user
involvement in the designing phase is very important .We must involve the user in
every phase of the project development but in designing phase users involves in crucial .

In design phase actual of programming is done. We first worked out what forms we
needed on the basis of analysis and then we had gone for developing the forms .Once the
forms were ready we created data base table followed by coding required for all functions
. Our next task was to debug the software form by form and after completion of this work
we requested my teacher and our counselor to see the working of the application software.

Whatever suggestions we received from them, were implemented by us.

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Design is a time taking and highly sophisticated job and needs extra care and
thinking .Here we have to provide very possible option and facility to the user which
he or she requires therefore we require students on part of the programmers. For us it
was a special event as we was developing my first project we found quit interesting
and knowledge increasing process. Infects we fill true learning of computer can only

we achieved by project development.

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REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATION

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 REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

We have used Pentium-IV machine for my project and my machine has 80GB of Hard
disk space and 256 Mb RAM. We have done my project on VGA screen display.

A realistic hardware platform needed:

Processor –Pentium IV
Ram - 256 Mb
Hard disk -80 GB or more
Monitor-VGA color

Platform used in my project:

Processor- Pentium-IV Ram -256

Mb Hard disk-80 GB or more
Monitor-VGA color

SOFTWARE USED

Tally9

For practical purpose the two are indistinguishable .Windows is a GUI-Graphical user
interface .It response to the GUI machine .MS-DOS is still running beneath windows and
providing the low level control with completes sets of tools to simplify rapid application
development (RAD).

Visual Basic is an ideal medium for developing Windows based applications. Before the
Visual Basic, programmers grappled with “c” code and lots of documentation to come up
with a good program.

Operating System Used:

WINDOWS XP

Programming Language Used:

Packages Used:

MS-Access Version 7.0(For Data Base)

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SYSTEM ANALYSIS

My project, "RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” handles the Salary of employee.

We have set our focus on the pay slip is done in organization.

RECOGNITION OF NEED

Our first job was to look in to the requirement factor. We observed for ourselves and made
enquires as and when it was necessary to convince our self about the utility of the
computerized system for the organization. Our initial investigation convinced us about
utility of a project work for an institute.

FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility study includes three aspects: Economic

feasibility. Technical feasibility.
Behavioral feasibility.

We think that the institute had absolutely no difficulty in making system available for
keeping and running the software as there were sufficient number of system were
available .And also being a institute of computer they have good number of people to
handle the software and finally institute management was also keen to computerize the
whole system.

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INTERFACE REQUIREMENT

Software Requirement

 Tally 9.

 NetBeans / FrontPage / NotePad/Dreamviewer

Hardware Requirement

 Intel 3.0 ghz or higher processor

 2 GB RAM

 10 GB HDD Space

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DATA ANALYSIS

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 Tally is an Accounting Software that helps you in maintaining Accounts and
Inventory of your office.

Basics of Accounting

Tally is an Accounting Software that helps you in maintaining Accounts and Inventory of
your office.
General Accounting
What is Accounting

“Accounting is the art of recording, classifying and summarizing in a significant manner

and in terms of money, transactions and events, which are in part, at least, of a financial
character, and interpreting the result thereof” – American Institute of certified public
accountants.

Methods of Accounting

There are two types of Accounting Systems.

1. American Method or Single Entry System.

2. English Method or Double Entry System.

1. American Method or Single Entry System.

It has further five types of accounting.

I. Assets Accounts
II. Liabilities Accounts
III. Capital Accounts or Owner’s Equity A/c
IV. Revenue or Income Accounts
V. Loss or Expenses A/c
Methods of Recording

I. Debit the Increase in the Assets and Credit the Decrease in the Assets.

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 II. Credit the Increase in the Liabilities and Debit the Decrease in the Liabilities.
III. Credit the Increase in the Capital and Debit the Decrease in the Capital.
IV. Credit the Increase in the Income and Debit the Decrease in the Income.
V. Debit the Increase in the Expenses and Credit the Decrease in the Expenses.

2. English Method or Double Entry System.

Classification of Accounts

1. Personal Accounts: These accounts are those accounts which are opened by a
name of a person, firm, company, society or organization.

Rules: “Debit the Receiver and Credit the Giver”.

Types of Personal Accounts:

I. Natural Personal Accounts:

a) MAHESH’s Accounts
b) Owner’s Capital Accounts
c) Owner’s Drawing Accounts
d) Debtors Accounts
e) Creditors Accounts
II. Artificial Personal Accounts

a) Firm’s Accounts
a) Company’s Accounts
b) Organization Accounts
c) Bank Accounts
d) Club Accounts
e) Insurance Company Accounts
f) Government Sector accounts

III. Representative Personal Accounts

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 a) Outstanding Salary Due to Staff account
b) Prepaid Insurance Account
c) Accrued Income Account
d) Unearned Commission Account
3. Real Accounts: Those Business assets which can be measure in the term of money
their accounts are called Real Accounts.

Rules: “Debit what comes in and Credit what goes out”.

Types of Real Accounts:

I. Tangible Real Accounts: These accounts are those assets account which can be
touched.

a) Cash Account
b) Stock Account
c) Furniture Account
d) Land Account
e) Building Account

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