In Flight Landing Performance PDF

Version 2.
0 August 2012
In-flight landing Distances

New tools to assess landing performance
REASON FOR REVISION
• The Runway Condition Assessment Matrix is revised to take into account
comments we received since April 2012:
- Its general layout is reviewed to differentiate the Runway Surface Conditions from the
Related Landing Performance
- A slide is added to further highlight that assessed landing performance must not be
better that the one related to the Runway Surface Conditions (only the most
conservative landing performance must be retained)
• The in-flight landing distances are EASA approved since mid of July 2012 (FAA
approval is ongoing). Temporary Revision of the AFM have been dispatched to
enable operational use of the in-flight landing distances.
• A slide is added to highlight that multiple in-flight failure (from different aircraft
systems) are not considered (further information will be available soon on
AirbusWorld in the World In-Service Experience (WISE) knowledge Base).
• Clarify that the MMEL landing penalty factors must be also applied to the In-Flight
Landing Distances without or with failure.
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

OBJECTIVES

CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 WHAT IS NEW?
3 FACTORED LANDING DISTANCE
4 FLYSMART WITH AIRBUS
5 WHERE AND WHEN?

CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 WHAT IS NEW?
5 WHERE AND WHEN?

BACKGROUND
• A third of major accidents of large commercial transport aircraft are

runway excursions
• Many involve difficulties for the flight crew to realistically assess the
landing performance

BACKGROUND
• Currently, Actual Landing Distance (ALD) is the reference to

determine in flight landing performance
• ALD are defined by regulations and based on flight tests.
Thus, ALD are not representative of daily operations

BACKGROUND
• Following runway excursions, the FAA mandated the TALPA/ARC*

to find a strong industry consensus.
• The purpose was to elaborate common tools to better assess the

in-flight landing performance
???
Dispatchers Airports Pilots
All users need to share a common performance reference
* Takeoff and Landing Performance Assessment / Aviation Rulemaking Committee

BACKGROUND
• Following runway excursions, the FAA mandated the TALPA/ARC*

to find a strong industry consensus.
• The purpose was to elaborate common tools to better assess the

in-flight landing performance
• The committee submitted:

- The Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM)
- Landing distances figures more representative of daily operations
• The references to be used for dispatch are unchanged

CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 WHAT IS NEW?
• The Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM)

• The in-flight landing performance without failure
• The in-flight landing performance with failure
• Standard Operating Procedures
• Master Minimum Equipment List

CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 WHAT IS NEW?


WHAT IS NEW? - Runway Condition Assessment Matrix
IN FLIGHT PERFORMANCE
OPS DATA
OEB
Runway Condition Assessment Matrix

for Landing
* Pilot Report of Braking Action ** Estimated Surface Friction
The purpose is to provide all users with an unique reference to share:
OPS DATA
- The Runway Surface Conditions
- The Related Landing Performance
- The recommended Maximum Crosswind
OEB
- Additional information


for Landing
The purpose is to provide all users with an unique reference to share:
OPS DATA
- The Runway Surface Conditions
- The Related Landing Performance
- The recommended Maximum Crosswind
OEB
- Additional information

• How to use the Runway Condition Assessment Matrix - 1st example
2 mm of Slush
Use all existing information to

assess the landing performance
With the Runway State /
Contaminant only:
Use directly the Performance
Code/Level and associated
Maximum Crosswind

• How to use the Runway Condition Assessment Matrix - 2nd example
Damp

With both the Runway State /
Contaminant

Damp Good to Medium

Contaminant and a Report

Damp Good to Medium

Contaminant and a Report
Use the MOST CONSERVATIVE
Performance Code/Level and
associated Maximum Crosswind

CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 WHAT IS NEW?


WHAT IS NEW? - LANDING DISTANCE WITHOUT FAILURE
OPS DATA
OEB
LANDING DISTANCE - DRY
LANDING DISTANCE - GOOD
OPS DATA
OEB
LANDING DISTANCE – GOOD TO MEDIUM LANDING DISTANCE - MEDIUM TO POOR
LANDING DISTANCE - MEDIUM LANDING DISTANCE - POOR
OPS DATA
OEB
Braking Action
Landing Configurations
Braking Modes
(Manual or Auto brake)
The REF DIST

(Provided at fixed landing weight)

The REF DIST considers: Sea Level, ISA, no wind,

no slope, no engine reverse thrust, manual landing,
VAPP = VLS

Braking Action
Landing Configurations
Braking Modes
(Manual or Auto brake)
The REF DIST

Corrections
(Weight, SPD, ALT, WIND…)
Additional corrections
(Overweight procedure, Autoland)

WHAT IS NEW? – VAPP WITHOUT FAILURE
OPS DATA
OEB
OPS DATA
OEB
If APPR COR > 1/3 Headwind:
OPS DATA
- Ground Speed increase
- SPD = APPR COR
OEB
If APPR COR = 1/3 Headwind:
OPS DATA
- No Ground Speed increase
- No SPD correction
OEB
CAUTION
OPS DATA
OEB
EXAMPLE WITHOUT FAILURE
Landing data
• Aircraft A330
• Runway Condition 2 mm of Slush
• Report Good to Medium
• Runway Slope 1% UP
• Wind / OAT 12 kt headwind / - 5°C
• Airport pressure altitude Sea Level
• Estimated Landing Weight 170 t
• Landing configuration CONF FULL
• A/THR ON
• A/BRK MED
• Credit for all thrust reversers

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Identify the Determine the Calculate the
Braking Action VAPP Landing Distance

Runway Condition: 2 mm of Slush
• Step 1 - Identify the Braking Action
2 mm of Slush

Runway Condition: 2 mm of Slush
EXAMPLE WITHOUT FAILURE Report: Good to Medium

2 mm of Slush Good to Medium

Estimated Landing Weight : 170 t
EXAMPLE WITHOUT FAILURE Landing configuration: CONF FULL

A/THR: ON - Wind / OAT: 12 kt headwind / - 5°C
• Step 2 - Determine the VAPP
VLS (FULL, 170T) = 132kt
5kt
APPR COR (A/THR) = 5kt

4kt
VAPP = 137kt
SPD = APPR COR = 5kt

From step 1: Good to Medium
EXAMPLE WITHOUT FAILURE From step 2: VAPP = 137kt and SPD = 5kt
CONF FULL, LW = 170T and A/BRK: MED
• Step 3 - Calculate the Landing Distance
REF DIST (190T) = 1980 m

WEIGHT correction (170T) = - 70 x 2 = - 140 m
SPD correction (SPD = 5kt) = + 100 m
ALT correction (Sea Level): NO CORRECTION Landing Distance = 1820 m
WIND correction (12kt headwind): NO CORRECTION
TEMP correction (ΔISA = -20°C): NO CORRECTION
SLOPE correction (1% UP): NO CORRECTION
REV correction = - 60 x 2 = - 120 m

CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 WHAT IS NEW?


WHAT IS NEW? - LANDING DISTANCE WITH FAILURE
OPS DATA
OEB
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
DRY
GOOD
OPS DATA
OEB
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
GOOD TO MEDIUM MEDIUM TO POOR
MEDIUM POOR
OPS DATA
OEB
FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
DRY
OPS DATA
etc.
OEB
WHAT IS NEW? – LANDING DISTANCE WITH FAILURE
Aircraft System
Braking Actions
Failure titles
FLAPS lever positions

and ΔVREF
The REF DIST


The REF DIST considers: Sea Level, ISA, no wind,

no slope, no engine reverse thrust, manual landing,
VAPP = VREF + ΔVREF

Aircraft System
Braking Actions
Failure titles

and ΔVREF
The REF DIST

Corrections

Aircraft System
Braking Actions
Failure titles

and ΔVREF
The REF DIST

Corrections

WHAT IS NEW? – VAPP WITH FAILURE
OPS DATA
OEB
OPS DATA
OEB
OPS DATA
If APPR COR > 1/3 Headwind:
- Ground Speed increase
- SPD = APPR COR
OEB
OPS DATA
If APPR COR = 1/3 Headwind:
- No Ground Speed increase
- No SPD correction
OEB
OPS DATA
OEB
OPS DATA
OEB
EXAMPLE WITH FAILURE
Landing data
• Aircraft A330
• Runway Condition Compacted snow
• Report Good
• Airport pressure altitude 1000ft
• A/THR ON
• In-Flight failure ENG 1 SHUTDOWN (no damage)
• Credit for all available thrust reversers

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Identify the Determine the Calculate the
Braking Action VAPP Landing Distance

Runway Condition: Compacted Snow OAT: -15°C
Compacted Snow
OAT = -15°C

EXAMPLE WITH FAILURE Report: Good

Compacted Snow
OAT = -15°C Good

EXAMPLE WITH FAILURE Report: Good

Compacted Snow
OAT = -15°C Good

EXAMPLE WITH FAILURE A/THR: ON

Wind / OAT: 12 kt headwind / - 15°C
VREF (190T) = 140kt
ΔVREF = 5kt

EXAMPLE WITH FAILURE A/THR: ON

Wind / OAT: 12 kt headwind / - 15°C
VREF (190T) = 140kt
ΔVREF = 5kt
5kt
APPR COR (A/THR) = 5kt
4kt
VAPP = 150kt
SPD = APPR COR = 5kt

From step 1: Good to Medium
EXAMPLE WITH FAILURE From step 2: VAPP = 150kt and SPD = 5kt
• Step 3 - Calculate the Landing Distance
FLAPS LEVER for LDG: CONF 3

REF DIST (190T) = 2080 m
Landing Distance = 2210 m
Weight correction (190T): NO CORRECTION
SPD correction (SPD = 5kt) = + 120 m
ALT correction (1000ft) = + 80 x 1 = + 80 m
REV correction = - 70 x 1 = - 70 m

CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 WHAT IS NEW?


WHAT IS NEW? - STANDARD OPS PROCEDURES
GENERAL
NORMAL PROCEDURES
GENERAL
GENERAL
IN FLT PERF
OPS DATA
OEB
WHAT IS NEW? - STANDARD OPS PROCEDURES
DESCENT PREPARATION
GENERAL PF PNF
LDG ELEV …………………………………………………… CHECK LANDING DATA ……………………………………………PREPARE
GENERAL
LANDING PERFORMANCE ………….…………………. CONFIRM
FMGS ……………………………………………………… PREPARE FMGS ……………………………………………………… PREPARE
GENERAL
APPR BRIEFING …………………………………...…… PERFORM

AUTO BRK ……………………………………..………….. AS RQRD
DESCENT CLEARANCE …………………………………. OBTAIN
ANTI ICE ………………………………………………….. AS RQRD
IN FLT PERF
OPS DATA
OEB
CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 WHAT IS NEW?


WHAT IS NEW? - MASTER MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST
• MEL item(s) that impact(s) the landing performance must also be

taken into account in-flight.
…
Landing performance computation
Multiply the landing distances by 1.02
Landing Distance (MEL 27-64-01A) = Landing Distance (without or with failure) x 1.02

CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 WHAT IS NEW?
5 WHERE AND WHEN?

ADDITIONAL SAFETY MARGIN
• In-flight landing distance considers fixed flight parameters, without

margin
• To cover variability in flying techniques and unexpected conditions at

landing the flight crew should apply an appropriate margin to the in-
flight landing distances
• Airbus recommends to add a margin of 15% to the in-flight landing

distance (except in emergency)
Factored Landing Distance = In-flight Landing Distance x 1.15

ADDITIONAL SAFETY MARGIN
• In-flight landing distance considers fixed flight parameters, without

margin
• To cover variability in flying techniques and unexpected conditions at

landing the flight crew should apply an appropriate margin to the in-
flight landing distances
• Airbus recommends to add a margin of 15% to the in-flight landing

distance (except in emergency)
Factored Landing Distance = In-flight Landing Distance x 1.15

CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 WHAT IS NEW?
5 WHERE AND WHEN?

Landing data
• Aircraft A330
• Runway Condition Compacted snow
• Report Good
• Airport pressure altitude 1000ft
• A/THR ON
• In-Flight failure ENG 1 SHUTDOWN (no damage)
• Credit for all available thrust reversers

FLYSMART WITH AIRBUS – EXAMPLE WITH FAILURE
IN-FLIGHT

Most fields remain similar to previous

Flysmart with Airbus version


Selection of the Braking Action


Selection of the Braking Action
Selection of the A/THR ON


CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 WHAT IS NEW?
5 WHERE AND WHEN?

WHAT IS NEW? - SUMMARY
• The aim of the TALPA/ARC* was to elaborate common tools to

better assess the in-flight landing performance
The Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM)
The in-flight landing performance without failure
The in-flight landing performance with failure

FCOM IMPACTS - REVISION MAY 2012
GEN General
DSC Aircraft Systems
PRO Procedures
ABN Abnormal and Emergency Procedures

All references* to the landing
NOR Normal Procedures
distance penalty factors are removed
SPO Special Operations
SUP Supplementary Procedures
LIM Limitations
OEB Operations Engineering Bulletins
FCB Flight Crew Bulletins
PER Performance
LDG Landing
* Reference to the tables of landing distance penalty factors and the tables are removed

GEN General
PRO Procedures
NOR Normal Procedures Descent Preparation updated

LIM Limitations
PER Performance
LDG Landing

GEN General
PRO Procedures
NOR Normal Procedures
LIM Limitations
PER Performance Introduction of:

LDG Landing Definitions,

QRH IMPACTS - REVISION MAY 2012
GEN General
ABN Abnormal and Emergency Procedures All references to the landing distance
NP Normal Procedures
FPE In-Flight Performance
penalty factors are removed
SPD Speeds
FPF Fuel Penalty Factors “Summaries” provide reference to the
IFL In-Flight Landing
MAT Runway Condition Assessment Matrix
Landing Distance tables
VAP VAPP Determination
LD Landing Distance – Normal Operations
VAF VAPP Determination with Failure
24 Landing Distance with Electric System Failure
27 Landing Distance with Flight Control System Failure
XX ….
34 Landing Distance with Navigation System Failure
36 Landing Distance with Bleed System Failure
70 Landing Distance with Engine System Failure
OEI One Engine Inoperative

AEO All Engines Operative
CAB Flight Without Cabin Pressurization
OPD Operating Data
OPS Operational Data
OEBPROC Operations Engineering Bulletins

GEN General
NP Normal Procedures Descent Preparation updated
SPD Speeds
FPF Fuel Penalty Factors
27 Landing Distance with Flight Control System Failure
XX ….

OPD Operating Data

GEN General
NP Normal Procedures
SPD Speeds
FPF Fuel Penalty Factors
Introduction of the new landing
performance assessment tools
Tables of Actual Landing
27 Landing Distance with Flight Control System Failure Distances are removed
XX ….

OPD Operating Data

FCTM IMPACTS - REVISION MAY 2012
NO Normal Operations
Cruise
Descent Preparation
Landing Performance
Guidelines on how to assess landing
Approach Preparation
Approach Briefing performance
Descent
SI Supplementary Information
SI-090 Landing Performance
General
Normal Operations
VAPP Determination without Failure
Landing Distance without Failure
Example
Abnormal Operations
VAPP Determination with Failure
Landing Distance with Failure
Example

FCTM IMPACTS - REVISION MAY 2012
NO Normal Operations
Cruise
Descent Preparation
Landing Performance
Approach Preparation
Approach Briefing
Descent
SI Supplementary Information
SI-090 Landing Performance
General
Normal Operations
VAPP Determination without Failure
Landing Distance without Failure
Example “How to use” and examples
Abnormal Operations
VAPP Determination with Failure
Landing Distance with Failure
Example

AFM IMPACTS – TEMPORARY REVISION JULY 2012
Approval Data
General
Limitations Reference to relevant file that enables
Emergency Procedures landing distance computation is added
Abnormal Procedures Landing distances with failure supersede
Normal Procedures the landing distance penalty factors
Performance
Appendices and Supplements
Master Configuration Deviation List
Supplementary Performance

MMEL IMPACTS - REVISION JULY 2012
How to Use
MMEL Entries
MMEL Items Clarify that landing distance penalty

factors apply on:
MMEL Operational Procedures
- Required Landing Distance (at dispatch)
- In-Flight Landing Distance (in-flight)

CONCLUSION
May 2012 revision
• Airbus provides the operators with the tools to better assess the
landing performance
Training to assess In-Flight Landing Performance
• Information and autonomous learning material already available to

customers on Airbus World portal
FlySmart with Airbus
• The landing module enables the In-Flight Landing Performance

assessment
Page 87

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are granted by the
delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be
used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting
grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.
AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.

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Version 2.

In-flight landing Distances

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

3 FACTORED LANDING DISTANCE

4 FLYSMART WITH AIRBUS

5 WHERE AND WHEN?

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

3 FACTORED LANDING DISTANCE

4 FLYSMART WITH AIRBUS

5 WHERE AND WHEN?

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

• A third of major accidents of large commercial transport aircraft are

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

• Currently, Actual Landing Distance (ALD) is the reference to

• ALD are defined by regulations and based on flight tests.

Thus, ALD are not representative of daily operations

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

• Following runway excursions, the FAA mandated the TALPA/ARC*

• The purpose was to elaborate common tools to better assess the

Dispatchers Airports Pilots

All users need to share a common performance reference

* Takeoff and Landing Performance Assessment / Aviation Rulemaking Committee

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

• Following runway excursions, the FAA mandated the TALPA/ARC*

• The purpose was to elaborate common tools to better assess the

• The committee submitted:

• The references to be used for dispatch are unchanged

* Takeoff and Landing Performance Assessment / Aviation Rulemaking Committee

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

• The Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM)

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

• The Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM)

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Runway Condition Assessment Matrix

* Pilot Report of Braking Action ** Estimated Surface Friction

The purpose is to provide all users with an unique reference to share:

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Runway Condition Assessment Matrix

The purpose is to provide all users with an unique reference to share:

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Use all existing information to

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Use all existing information to

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Use all existing information to

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Use all existing information to

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

• The Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM)

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

LANDING DISTANCE - DRY

LANDING DISTANCE - GOOD

LANDING DISTANCE – GOOD TO MEDIUM LANDING DISTANCE - MEDIUM TO POOR

LANDING DISTANCE - MEDIUM LANDING DISTANCE - POOR

The REF DIST

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

The REF DIST considers: Sea Level, ISA, no wind,

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

The REF DIST

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

If APPR COR > 1/3 Headwind:

If APPR COR = 1/3 Headwind: