Memory

At least, I think it is….

 Forgetting (encoding failure)
We fail to encode the information.
It never has a chance to enter our LTM.
 • Transcience
Memory’s seven deadly
sins
-The impermanence of a
LTM....
-Based on the idea that
long-term memories gradually
fade in strength over time.
-Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve
-For relatively meaningless
material, there is a rapid initial
loss of memory, follwed by a
declining rate of loss.
 Absent mindedness
• Retrieval failure caused by a shift of
attention elsewhere.
• - It can have three different causes:
• -a low level of attention ("blanking" or
"zoning out")
• -intense attention to a single object of
focus (hyperfocus) that makes a
person oblivious to events around him
or her; or
• -unwarranted distraction of attention
from the object of focus by irrelevant
thoughts or environmental events.[2]
• http://www.charminghealth.com/appl
icability/inattentiveness.htm
 Blocking
• Retrieval failure that
occures when an item
in memory cannot be
accessed or retrieve.
Blocking is caused by
interference.
• There are several kinds
of interference..
 Proactive interference
Proactive Interference
• The disruptive effect of
prior learning on the
recall of new
information.
• Ex: If you call your new
girlfriend your old
girlfriend’s name.
 Blocking
• Retroactive
interference
• The disruptive effect of
new learning on the
recall of old
information.
• Ex: When you finally
remember this years
locker combination, you
forget last years.
 Serial Position effect.
• The tendency to
remember the first and
last of something, then
the those that are
found in the middle.
• Ex: You are likely to
remember the names of
the first and last people
then those in the
middle.
 Misattribution
• A memory fault that
occurs when a
memories are retrieved
but are associated with
the wrong time, place
or person.
 Suggestibility
• The process of memory
distortion as the result
of suggestion, whether
deliberate or not.

• Ex: Eye lock test

• Ex: hand lock test
 Misinformation Effect
• Incorporating
misleading information
into one’s memory of
an event.
• You tube:
misinformation effect
 Fabricated memories
• CD: Eye witness
 Bias
• Expectancy bias: • Ex: Your sister "never
• In memory, the does anything wrong",
tendency to distort so when your mom sees
recalled events to make the broken lamp, she
them fit ones automatically assumes
expectations. it was you and grounds
you, when it was really
your sister
• Self consistency bias:
• The commonly held idea
that we are more consistent
in our attitudes, opinions,
and the beliefs that we
actually are.
• Ex: Going on a blind date
and not being thrilled about
the date, but years later
telling people how amazing
that date was after you've
fallen in love with the
person.
 Unwanted persistence
• A memory problem in
which unwanted
memories cannot be
put out of your mind.
• Ex: depression-
unhappy events in their
lives
• Phobias- obsessed with
fearful memories…
 Advantages of the seven sins
• Mnemonics
• Method of Loci
• Natural language
Mediators
• Mnemonics:
• Associating a picture, or
symbol with a new
piece of information
you are trying to learn.
• Learning something and
visualizing it to help you
better understand.
• Method of Loci: • You tube
• Remembering things by • Method of Loci -
associating them with Mnemonic technique
vivid, distinctive mental
pictures.
• Using mental images of
things to remember.
• It employs both verbal
and visual images
• Natural language mediators:
words associated with new
information to be remembered
• Trying to remember the
difference between
Independent and Dependent
variables, you use the
phrase" I can do math"
ICDM. The "I" stands for the
independent and the "C"
stands for change because
the independent variable
changes, the "D" stands for
dependent and the "M"
stands for measure because
the dependent variable is
what is getting measured.