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1. Fuel tank
2. Fuel feed pump
3. Filter
4. Injection pump
5. Injector
The fuel from the tank is sucked by the fuel feed pump and the
pressure of fuel is raised slightly. Then the fuel is passed into the filter
where all the dust particles are removed. From the filter, the fuel enters
into the injection pump where the pressure of fuel is increased about the
sprayed into the engine cylinder by means of fuel injector. Any spill over
engine cylinder at the end of the compression stroke) and then injected
through the fuel nozzle into the engine cylinder. The rate of fuel injection
can be controlled by varying the pressure of the injection air. Storage air
bottles which are kept charged by an air compressor (driven by the engine)
supply the high pressure air. This method is absolete these days and
and a very high velocity into the engine cylinder in the form of sprays.
The injection pressure varies from 100 to 145 bar (or even more in some
Cam
Roller tappet
plunger
Suction chamber
Outlet Inlet
In case, the fuel injection pump doesn’t require the fuel from fuel
feed pump, the fuel goes to pressure chamber and pushes the plunger
downwards by compressing the diesel under it. As there is no outlet of
diesel, compressed diesel enters into the pressure chamber as shown
in figure. Due to this, the plunger is in down position as shown in figure
even though cam is working. As the plunger does not move up and down,
no fuel is being pumped.
through suction valves S2, in this position the suction valve S 1 and the
delivery valve D2 are in closed position. This constitutes one suction
stroke and one delivery stroke.
Eccentric
Cam
S1 - Suction valve 1
S2 - Suction valve 2
D1 - Delivery valve 1
D2 - Delivery valve 2
Roller tappet
Pressure Over
chamber flow port
D1
Pressure
S2 chamber
Suction chamber
S1
Outlet D2 Inlet
Now due to the spring action the piston is pushed upward. During
this action the fuel which entered through S2 valve is delivered through D2
valve and simultaneously. Due to the suction created in the other part of
the chamber suction occurs through S1 valve. In this position the valve S1
& D1 are in closed position.
This constitutes the second suction and second delivery stroke.
In this way in one complete rotation of the cam shaft, two suction and
two delivery process takes place. This gives the name of the pump as
double acting fuel feed pump.
Components of CRDI
The main components of CRDI system are
• High pressure fuel feed pump
• Common rail
• Pressure regulator
• Electronic injectors
• Electronic control module (ECM)
• Group of sensors
Common rail
Common rail is a small collecting tank in which fuel is collected
at a very high pressure. The pressure is maintained constantly at 1600
bar. This rail is used to avoid pressure oscillation caused due to opening
and closing of injector. Steel casting is commonly used material for
common rail, which is rigid to withstand high pressure.
Copyright Reserved by the Author ISBN 978-81-929638-0-8
Fuel Feed System
Group of sensors
The sensors are used to sense the operation of different
components and sends signal to the ECM. It also receives signal from
the ECM and the controls the working unit. There are several sensors
used in CRDI system to control several units, they are
Mass air flow sensor (MAF)
Intake air temperature sensor (IAT)
Acceleration position sensor (APS)
Manifold absolute pressure sensor (MAP)
Copyright Reserved by the Author ISBN 978-81-929638-0-8
Fuel Feed System
Fuel temperature sensor (FTS)
Fuel pressure sensor (FPS)
Vehicle speed sensor (VSS)
Crank and Cam shaft position sensor (CKP & CMP)
Engine coolant temperature sensor (ECTS)
Working
When the engine is started, the ECM receives signals from all
the sensors. At the same time the low pressure fuel from the fuel tank is
pumped by the high pressure fuel feed pump and converted into partially
compressed high pressure fuel to the common rail. If the pressure exceeds
1600 bar, the pressure relief valve releases the pressure and the constant
pressure is maintained in the rail, now according to the load and speed
of the vehicle the fuel is injected while the ECM sends signal. The fuel
injection is stopped at correct timing resulting in good performance of
engine.
Advantages
1. More precise control of the fuel quantity
2. Better control of the start of injection
3. Idle speed control is better
4. Control of the exhaust gas recirculation
5. Temp & air density can be compensated
6. Cruise control can be accomplished.