Types of building

A list of structural structure types for individual

buildings.
1. Agricultural buildings
2. Commercial buildings
3. Residential buildings
4. Medical buildings
5. Educational buildings
6. Government buildings
7. Industrial buildings
8. Military buildings
9. Parking structures and storage
10. Religious buildings
11. Transport buildings
12. Non-buildings(bridges, arenas, amusement
parks)
13. Infrastructure(data center)
14. Power providers.
 EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS
(a) Archive
(b) College
(c) School
(d) Library
(e) Museum
(f) Art gallery
(g) Theater(building)
(h) Amphitheater
(i) Concert hall
(j) Cinema
(k) Opera house
(l) Boarding schools.
LAW COLLEGE
Law college, as it is popularly known, continues to be
an institution exclusively for the students of law. The
college remains strong and resolute in these trying
times of a competitive and commercialised nature of
legal education by holding on to its institutional ethos
and due to the strength of its rich heritage and
professional character, thus fulfilling its objectives of
training not just the finest of the legal practitioners but
also by nurturing professionals and thinkers in every
sphere of society.
 INTRODUCTION
We have been assigned LAW COLLEGE construction site for
field study by department. This is constructed in 1600sq.m
project is located on Bilaspur-Bhatapara road in deveri village
This project is one storey developed by Public Work
Department, Bhatapara.
About Developer:- The public work department is the
principal agency of the government of Chhattisgarh
responsible for following:-
Architecture, surveys, design, construction, improvement and
maintenance of public building of the strata, carrying cut
works assigned in the command area developed and other
work assigned from time to time.
 SITE SELECTION AND LOCATION
Site selection indicates the practice of new facility location,
both for business and government. Site selection involves
measuring the needs of a new project against the merits of
potential locations.
Law college bhatapara – bilaspur – bhatapara road deveri.
Advantages of selection this site-
1. Educational area.
2. Peace place which is good for study
3. Transportation facilities
4. Health unit, natural light and air
5. Soil type and condition, land
6. Availability of local facilities and materials, labours

Fig.- construction site

 AT SITE WORK AND PRECAUTION
1. All dimension are in mm, unless otherwise mentioned.
2. Superstruture shall be of 1ST class brick in 1:6 cement
mortars.
3. All grades of concrete M20 unless otherwise mentioned.
4. All P.C.C. 1:3:6 unless otherwise mentioned.
5. All materials shall confirm to relevant IS codes.
6. For steel grade Fe 415 as per IS 1736-1979.
7. Laps, splices and bond length should be 41D where D is
smallest bar dia.
8. Bricks work in foundation and plinth shall be of 1ST class
brick in 1:6 cement mortars.

PRECAUTION:-
1. Safety and permit to work requirement shall be
observed strictly.
2. Observation at requirement at occupational health
safety and environmental plan is strictly adhered.
3. Safety helmets, safety shoes, safety belt and approved
overall are mandatory at work site as per site safety
requirements.
4. All equipment’s and material shall be checked by the
safety officer before start of work.
5. Adequate safety signage shall be provided wherever
necessary.
 COLUMN
Types of column:- 1. Rectangular
2. Circular
Size of column:-
column Column size G.F. F.F.
01 300 dia. 06-12mm 06-12mm
02 200×400 4-12+4-16mm 4-12+4-16mm
03 200×500 8-16mm 8-16m
04 300×500 6-20+6-16mm 6-20+6-16mm
05 600 dia. 8-16mm 8-16mm
06 200×300 06-12mm 06-12mm
 BEAM
Types of beam:-
Lintel beam:- Lintel beam is a hori. Across the openings. Left
member which is placed in,the wall for the provision of doors,
window etc. width of the lintel is equal to the thickness of the
wall. Generally used in the building construction for RCC lintel.
This is easy in construction and they can be used on any span.
Size of beam 200×200mm.Main bar 2#10mm top, 2#12mm
bottom, stirrups#8m@125mm c⁄c and #8m@150mm c⁄c
provided. Clear bottom covet and side cover 25mm.
Slab beam:- Beam sometimes referred to as post and beam,
since beam construction release on a floor built from beams
of wood that the rest on concrete. A beam is the structural
member which carries the hori. Load in a structure.
O⁄ALL SIZE BOTTOM TOP STIRRUPS SPACING
BEAM REINF. REINF.
NAME WIDTH DEPTH STR.+CURT STR.+CURT NEAR SUPPORT REST OF BEAM
2#12MM+ 2#12MM+ #8mm@125c⁄c 0.9M
SB1 200 200 1#1212MM 1#12MM from end
#8mm@150c⁄c
2#12MM+ 2#12MM+ #8mm@125c⁄c 0.9M
SB2 200 300 2#12MM 2#12MM from end
#8mm@150c⁄c
3#12MM+ 3#12MM+ #8mm@125c⁄c 0.9M
SB3 200 400 3#12MM 3#12MM from end
#8mm@150c⁄c
3#16MM+ 3#16MM+ #8mm@125c⁄c 0.9M
SB4 200 500 3#16MM 3#16MM from end
#8mm@150c⁄c
4#20MM+ 4#20MM+ #8mm@125c⁄c 0.9M
SB5 200 500 3#16MM 3#16MM from end
#8mm@150c⁄c
4#25MM+ 4#25MM+ #8mm@125c⁄c0.9M
SB6 200 600 3#20MM 3#20MM from end
#8mm@150c⁄c
 BRICK MASONRY WORK
In construction site fly bricks were used. Fly ash brick (fab) is a
building material, specially masonary units, containing
class”C” or class “F” fly ash and water. Also called standard
brick size of this brick is 19×9×9 cm . The manufacture method
saves energy, reduces mercury pollution, and costs 20% less
than traditional clay brick.
The thickness of the mortar is 1cm header and stretcher. The
ratio of cement sand mortar is 1:6 .In one day 1m. brickwork
should be done.

BOND IN BRICK WORK:-

1. Stretcher bond
2. Header bond
3. English bond
4. Flemish bond

1. Stretcher bond- This type of bond where all the bricks

are arrange in the stretcher courses, The stretcher
bond is useful for one brick partion wall and there are
mo headers as this bond does not develop proper
internal bond and it should be not use for wall having
thickness greater than one brick of wall.
2. English bond – The ulternate courses stretcher and
headers.
 The queen closer is put next to the quoin header to
develop the face lap.
 Each ulternate header is centerly supported over a
stretcher.
 The brick in the same course do not break joints
each other the joints are straight.
 The continous vertical joints are not form except and
certain stop ends.
 The number of mortar joints in the header course in
nearly double than the stretcher course.

3. Flemish bond - In every courses the header and

stretcher are place ulternatively .
Queen closer is put next to queen header.
Every header is centerly supported over a stretcher.
Flemish
Λ
Single Flemish Double Flemish

 Single Flemish bond- The face elevation is of Flemish

bond and the filling as well as backing are of the
English bond.
 Double Flemish bond- For this type of bond the half
bed and 3 quarter beds will have to be used for wall
having thickness of equal to odd number of bricks.
This bond give better appearance than the English
bond but it is not so strong as the English bond.

 CURING- Curing of fly ash brick wall 14 days

required. A fly ash brick compress at 28MPa(272
atm) and cured for 24 hours in a 66˚C steam bath,
then toughened with an air entuainment agent, the
bricks last for more than 100 freeze-thaw cycles.
 EXPANSION JOINTS
In building construction an expansion joints is a structure
separation design to relive stress on building materials caused
by building movement induced. Thermal and contraction
caused by temperature changes. It makes a gap through all
building assemblies-wall, floor, roof , deck, etc. The joint is
filled in expansion sheet and aluminium sheet. Expansion
joints are provided per 30m. distance.
AT JOINT-
Limit rods may be used in an expansion joint design to limit
the axial compression or expansion. They allow the expansion
joint to move over a range according to where the nut stops
are placed along the rods. Limit rods are used to prevent
bellows over-extension while restraining the full pressure
thrust of the system.
External covers should be used to protect the internal bellows
from being damaged. They also serve a purpose as insulation
of the bellows. Covers can either be designed as removable or
permanent accessories.
 PLASTERING
Plaster work:- Plaster work refers to the construction or
ornamentation done with plaster, such as a layer of plaster on
an internal or exterior wall structure, or pargeting.
S.NO. ITEM THICKNESS RATIO
01 Inner wall 12mm 1:6
02 Outer wall 15-20mm 1:6
03 Ceiling none none
04 Beam , column 10mm 1:6
05 coping 10mm 1:4

 CEMENT MORTAR:- The cement mortar consist a 1

part of cement to 4 to 6 part of clean, coarse and
angular river sand by volume. The materials are
thoroughly mixed in dry condition before water is
added to them and the mixing of material is done of
water type plateform. The prepared quantity of
mortar is consume within 30 minute after adding
water 1:4, 1:6 for coping 1:4.
 Method of plastering:- It may be applied in 1,3,2
coats the cheapest form of construction of plaster is
applied in 1 coat. For ordinary nature of work the
plaster is applied in 2 coats and for the superior
quality the plaster is applied in 3 coats.
 METHOD FOR 2 COAT PLASTERING:-

1. The mortar joints are rack out to a depth of about 20mm

and the surface is clean and well watered.
2. The applied 1ST coat should be very rough and uneven.
3. The thickness of 1ST coat for brick masonary 9 to 10mm
and order to maintend uniform thickness. The spreeds
are formed on the wall surface by fixing dots and the
another dot is fixed verticaly below at a distance of about
1m and dots are plumb by a plumb bob. A vertical strick
of mortar of between the mortar.
4. The cement mortar is placed between the succisive
screeds and the surface is properly finished.
5. The 2ND coat of plaster is applied after 6 hours and the
thickness of 2Nd coat is about 2-3mm and it is finished as
per our requirement.
6. The completed work is allowed for rest for 24 hours and
after that surface is kept well watered for atleast 1 week.
 LABOURATERY TEST

1. Sieve analysis for cement - In sieve test 100 gm.

Cement is taken it is continuously passed over
standard (B.I.S) sieve number 09 (90 microns) for 15
minute. The recidue is weight an even weighted when
sample will be taken. This weight should not be more
then 90% of sample is taken.
Sample taken ( wt. in gm.) – 100 gm. (100%)
Weight retained (gm.) _ 8 gm. (8%)
Weight passed (gm.) _ 92 gm. (92%)

2. Aggergate impact value - A sample of standard

aggregate kept in a mould is subjected to 15 blow’s of
a metal hammer of weight 14 kg. falling from a height
of 38 cm. The quantity of final material passing over
2.36 mm. IS sieve result from pounding will indicate
the toughness of the sample of aggregate .
The ratio of the weight of fine to the weight of total
sample is expressed in a % . This is known as a
aggregate impact value

For concrete wearing surfaces = 45%

For concrete wearing surface (runway, road
pavements)=30%
 FLOORING

In order to sub-devide the portion between the plinth

level or basement level and roof level.

Vitrified tile flooring:- Vitrified tile is basically a non-porous

ceramic tile, these tiles are most commonly used for vitrified
flooring as a replacement to marble and granite flooring and
are available in a vast variety of designs and colours. Vitrified
tiles is made by hydraulic pressing a mixture of clay, silica,
quartz, and feldspar. Thus creating a vitrified tile which are
hard with low porosity. Size 600×600mm and thickness 8mm,
mortar thickness 25mm, ratio 1:4(cement,sand).

Advantages of vitrified tiles:-

1. Vitrified tiles are scratch and stain resistant.
2. They have a consistent design, pattern and texture.
3. Vitrified tiles are easy to lay and are easy to
maintain.
4. Vitrified tiles are formed by the process of
vitrification hence it is a very strong and
homogeneous material.
5. Vitrified tiles are stronger than ceramic and
porcelain tiles.
Cement concrete floors :- This is most commonly used type of
floor. It consists of 40mm thick cement concrete(1:2:4)
topping laid over 100mm lean cement concrete of (1:6:12)
or(1:4:8) mix. Under layer. Upper layer of 1:2 ratio of cement
and sand mortar is made of thickness 5mm. and special
finishing of cement.
Advantages of c. c. floor:-
1. It can be easily laid.
2. It is durable and fire resistive.
3. It has less maintenance cost and can be easily cleaned.
4. It can be laid at ground floor or upper R.C.C. slab floor.
5. If laid in blocks, can be easily repaired by replacing the
whole worn out block.
 DOOR AND OPENINGS

S.NO. SYMBOL SIZE DESCRIPTION

1 AD 2600×2600 ALLUMINIUM DOOR
WOODEN PANELLED DOUBLE SHUTTER
2 D 2000×2600
DOOR
3 D1 1200×2600 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’
4 D2 1000×2600 WOODEN PANEL SINGLE SHUTTER DOOR
5 D3 800×2100 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’
6 W1 800×1800 STEEL FRAME WINDOW WITH FAN LIGHT
7 W2 800×1800 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’
8 V1 4200×1200 STEEL FRAMED WELDED MESH VENTILATOR
9 V2 2000×1200 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’
10 V3 1200×1200 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’
11 V4 800×1800 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’
12 V5 600×600 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’
13 G1 2000×1800 FIXED GLAZING
14 G2 1500×1800 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’
15 G3 500×2600 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’
16 G4 2000×2600 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’
 PROJECT DETAIL
DETAILS OF FIELD STUDY
Details of structure:-
1. The build up area of the structure is 1600sq.m
* G.F.-1458.53sq.m
* F.F. -1300.56sq.m
2.The structure consists of block (principal office, accout sec.,
game store, laboratory, tutorial, staffroom, hall).
3. The administrator approval cost of the project is 121.12
lakhs.
4. It is 8months project started on 12/10/2016
5. The law college consists of 2 floors (G.F. & F.F.).
6. The construction is done using fly ash bricks.
7. The concrete used in M20 grade.
8. Type of building – Educational building.
9. Type of structure – Framed structure.
10. Constuction undertaken P.W.D. Bhatapara.
SEQUENCE OF STRUCTURE:-
* Site clearance
* Surveying and layout
* Excavation
* Bar bending and placement of foundation steel
* Shuttering and scaffolding
* Concreting
* Electrical and plumbing
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

 We take this opportunity to extend our gratitude to

CSVTU which consent us to learn , P.W.D. (Public work
department) bhatapara as well as Agrawal infra. Build
private ltd. For having provide us with practical learning
experience during summer training. It was indeed of
pleasure to be a part of such organization.

 First and for most we would like to thank

,project in-charge and special thank to ,site-
Engineer. Who support us through inspiring towards this
report. He had provide us a nice industrial experience.

 Secondly, we are no less grateful to the other employees

and members of the department for their kind co-
operation and spontaneous response.

 Last but not the least; we express our gratitude toward

our family members, our teachers and college friends
for their kind co-operation and encouragement which
help us in completion of this training.
 A

Training Report

OF

Summer Vocational Training

Project at P.W.D. Bhatapara

On

Law College Bhatapara

Submitted

In the partial fulfillment of

Diploma In Civil Engineering

Govt. Polytechnic Bhatapara

Session – 2017-18

Submitted by:

Submitted to: Name – Prakhar Singh(2402015041),

Miss. Akanksha Deshmukh Hement Soni(2402015020),

(T.P.O.) Pintu Patel(2402015036),

Lecturer-Civil Engineering Bhagat Singh(2402015006),

Govt. Polytechnic Bhatapara (C.G.) Ramswarup(2402015046),

Class – 5th sem. (CIVIL)

 CONCLUSION
The report is based on the summer training. The project
includes building of a law college two storey building having
blocks on it. Initially the report consist of the finishing view
and techniques of building construction further process of
building are approach road, painting, etc.
It was wonderful learning experience at PWD Bhatapara for 1
month. We gained a lot of insight regarding almost every
aspects of site. We were given exposure in almost all the site,
but we had liked to highlight the areas of safety, quality
management, material management and execution. The
department has observed various safety forms as per ISO
standard and safety office.
 OTHER IMAGES

Fig.- front view of college Fig.- expansion joint

Fig.- college Fig.- expansion joint

Fig.- expansion joint Fig.- holler

Fig. – agg. Impact machine Fig.- door

Fig.- window Fig.- window

Fig.- tile flooring in room Fig.- tile in stair

Fig.- plan of building Fig.- plan of ground floor

Fig.- column Fig.- tile flooring

Fig.- elevation of building Fig.- railing in stair.

 Fig.- plan of law college

fig.- front view of law college

 INDEX
 Introduction
 Site selection and location
 At site work and precaution
 Sequence of structure
 Types of building
 Educational building
 Column
 Beam
 Brick masonry work
 Expansion joint
 Plastering
 Flooring
 Door window
 Laboratory tests
 Other images
 Conclusion.