Unit Cost Database (v.1.4) - Introduction

Unit Cost Database (v.1.
4) - Introduction
Updated March 2015. Changes from v.1.3 include the addition of new columns for economic and social values where applicable (see 'Guidance' tab for definitions)
and updates to a number of unit costs where the source documentation has been updated since the previous version in March 2014. For more detail on the
updates that have been applied, see the 'v1.4 update log' worksheet, and columns T and U in the individual thematic worksheets.
The initial version of this cost database was developed as part of work under the Investment Agreement and Partnerships Exemplar project to produce a framework
to assist local partners in reforming the way they deliver public services. The project was funded by the Department for Communities and Local Government's
(DCLG) Troubled Families Unit, and delivered by Greater Manchester and Birmingham City Council. Work to develop and update the database is being undertaken
by New Economy (Greater Manchester), with further support from DCLG and other government departments.
The database contains costs across the following themes: crime; education and skills; employment and economy; fire; health; housing; and social services. In
particular, it builds on work by six localities (Birmingham, Hammersmith & Fulham, Oldham, Tameside and Westminster councils, and Essex County Council),
alongside a range of other contributors - we are very grateful for all the input received. The data have been subject to a rigorous validation process, including
assessing the robustness of the original source documentation, considering how data have been derived from constituent cost elements, comparing costs to related
data, and exploring the availability of more recent/robust sources. The data has also been reviewed by analysts from the relevant Whitehall departments.
Instructions on how to navigate the database are given in the 'Guidance' worksheet. Further detailed guidance is available on the New Economy website at
http://neweconomymanchester.com/stories/1966
New versions of the database are produced on an ongoing basis, both to introduce new costs and update existing entries. A further update is planned for later in
2015, to introduce costs from newly released publications and research undertaken by government departments to fill some of the gaps in the database.
We would welcome feedback on the content of the database, and suggestions on how it might be moved forward. To provide such feedback, or to request more
information, please contact one of the team at New Economy:
cba@neweconomymanchester.com
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy
Francis Markus, Principal - Public Service Reform of this license, visit
Julian Cox, Deputy Director, Research http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
David Morris, Head of Evaluation
Rupert Greenhalgh, Principal
Unit Cost Database (v.1.4): Guidance
Costs are 'grouped' into three categories - these can be opened up and closed using the three small boxes towards the top left of the worksheet (numbered 1, 2 and
3), or for individual groups of costs, using the '+' signs to the left of many of the rows. The three categories are:
1. Headline costs (initial columns highlighted in bold) - these are key cost lines for the main sub-themes in each worksheet, most of which are underpinned by
subsidiary and/or constituent costs (see below). When first opening up the database, the initial view should be the headline costs alone (you can return to this view
at any time by clicking the '1' box towards the top left corner of the worksheet).
2. Subsidiary costs (initial columns shaded in light blue) - these are cost lines that are related to the headline costs, covering a similar thematic area, but they may
be of secondary importance to the average user. Some are underpinned by constituent costs. The subsidiary costs are opened up using the secondary level
grouping (click the '2' box).
3. Constituent costs (entry in the 'Cost/saving detail' column is indented) - these are the constituent costs from which the 'parent' headline or subsidiary cost is
derived. The constituent costs are opened up using the third level grouping (click the '3' box).
The costs are broken down into three types of values (columns H to P). These are:
• Fiscal value: costs or savings to the public sector that are due to a specific project (e.g. delivery of additional services or reduced health service, police or
education costs). The agencies that will bear the fiscal cost or make the fiscal saving are shown in columns F and G;
• Economic value: net increase in earnings or growth in the local economy;
• Social value: wider gains to society such as improvements to health; educational attainment; access to transport or public services; safety; or reduced crime.
When looking at the financial case for a project, only the fiscal values should be considered, and an assessment of cashability of any savings also considered (see the
New Economy website for guidance on cashability: http://neweconomymanchester.com/stories/1855-cost_benefit_analysis_guidance_and_model). When looking at
the economic or public value case for a project, all three benefits should be considered. (N.B. A small number of fiscal values should be excluded from the public value
calculations as they are transfer payments, e.g. tax or social security benefits. These are indicated by a comment in the fiscal value cell).
All costs are updated to account for inflation (currently quoted at 2015/16 prices. To change this, go to cell K11 in the 'Lookups' worksheet and select a different year -
all cost entries will automatically update). Note that the data are indicative, providing a generic indication of the likely scale of costs for different interventions and
outcomes. Most costs are based on national research and therefore may not correspond exactly to local costs. In order to develop locally specific data, users may
want to undertake research into costs in their area, or apply an appropriate discount to account for regional variations.
The Comment cell in Column S of each of the thematic worksheets contains a commentary on the unit costs provided, including further information on the source and
derivation of the cost/saving, underlying assumptions, and where available, alternative costs that can be used if preferred (e.g. costs for different types of client group;
labour costs for different time periods or type of contact; London weightings. Such costs are usually given at the price base provided in the source documentation; if
you want to uprate to current prices, just enter the value in a blank cell in the economic or social value column, and the year in the neighbouring right hand cell). If
relevant, information is also provided on the potential for double-counting with other entries in the database, and recommendations over pro-rating the cost if modelling
over a shorter period than the monetised timescale. An explanation of the 'RAG' (red, amber, green) rating applied to the cost might also be given, highlighting any
associated caveats or limitations.
Columns T and U indicate which database entries have been changed as part of the update to version 1.4 carried out in March 2015. Column T indicates whether a
new cost has been added, or a previous cost updated (e.g. if the source documentation is released on annual basis, further information/research has been
undertaken, or the cost has been moved or renumbered as part of wider rationalisation under a particular theme). Column U gives more detail on the changes
introduced. A summary of changes implemented for each of the themes is provided in the 'v1.4 update log' worksheet.
Agency bearing the cost / making the
Fiscal Cost Economic Co
Outcome fiscal saving
Outcome detail Cost code Cost / saving detail Unit
category Estimated Updated Estimated
Level 1 Level 2 Year
cost/saving cost/saving cost/saving
CRIME ANTI-SOCIAL CR1.0 Anti-social behaviour Per incident Police Local authority £ 500 2002/03 £ 673
BEHAVIOUR further action necessary
(cost of dealing with incident)
CRIME DOMESTIC CR2.0 Domestic violence - average cost per incident (fiscal, Per incident Multiple £ 2,470 2008/09 £ 2,836 £ 1,473
VIOLENCE economic and social values)
CRIME OFFENDING CR3.0 Offender, Prison Per person per year Criminal Justice Prison £ 33,785 2013/14 £ 34,840
Average cost across all prisons, including central costs System
(costs per prisoner per annum)
CRIME YOUTH CR4.0 Youth offender, average cost of a first time entrant Per year Criminal Justice £ 3,152 2008/09 £ 3,620
OFFENDING (under 18) to the Criminal Justice System in the first System
year following the offence
CRIME PROCEEDINGS CR5.0 Unit cost of court event: Per event Criminal Justice Court £ 12,716 2008/09 £ 14,603
Violence against a person (over 18) System
(per person per court event)
CRIME PROCEEDINGS CR7.0 Criminal proceedings: Per incident Police £ 593 2006/07 £ 719
Arrest - detained
CRIME ALL CRIME CR8.0 Crime - average cost per incident of crime, across all Per incident Multiple £ 609 2010/11 £ 663 £ 676
types of crime (fiscal, economic and social values)
CRIME LABOUR COSTS CR9.0 Police officer, Sergeant and below - cost per hour Per hour Police £ 38 2013/14 £ 40
PER HOUR
Economic Cost Social Cost
RAG
Original source
Updated Estimated Updated assessment
Year Year
The Economic and Social Costs of Anti-Social Behaviour: a review' (London School of Economics and Political Science, 2003), p.43
R
2008/09 £ 1,692 £ 6,795 2008/09 £ 7,803 Sylvia Walby - The Cost of Domestic violence, update (2009), p.8
A
NOMS - Cost per place and costs per prisoner 2013-14 (MOJ, 2014)
G
NAO Analysis, based on CIPFA, Home Office, Ministry of Justice and Youth Justice Board Data. Cited in NAO 2011 - The cost of a cohort of offenders to the criminal justice syst
G
NAO Analysis, based on CIPFA, Home Office, Ministry of Justice and Youth Justice Board Data. Cited in NAO 2011 - The cost of a cohort of offenders to the criminal justice syst
G
Salford: Police costs 2006/07
A
2010/11 £ 736 £ 1,648 2010/11 £ 1,795 Figures derived from 'Revisions made to the multipliers and unit
costs of crime used in the Integrated Offender Management
Value for Money Toolkit, 2011'. This estimates the total cost
(fiscal, economic and social) of crime. These costs have been
disaggregated to identify the breakdown into fiscal, economic G
and
Home social elements
office analysisof(unpublished),
the cost of crime andonthe
based breakdown
CIPFA, HO, of
the fiscal costs
ASHE and ACPO data to each agency using the split of expenditure
from Home Office Research Study 217, 2000. Analysis carried
out by New Economy and checked by the Home Office
G
v.1.4 revisions
Comment
New /
Changes made
update
Source gives a (non-updated) cost range from £100 - £1,000 for ASB incidents of this kind (ranging from a Comments cell revised (no
call-out together with some remedial action, to significant mediation/remediation; falling short of issuing an change to fiscal value)
ASBO, as not used very often). An approximate average cost of £500 has been selected, and updated to
account for inflation. Note age of data. Home Office suggest a Red RAG assessment due to the age of data
and robustness of methodology. However, there is no more recent national research in this area.
This cost is based upon the Walby (2009) publication referenced in the source column, which gives data on Update Economic and social values
Note thatcost
the total this of
cost includes
domestic the cost(DV)
violence of crimes and criminal
in England and Walesjustice activity
to public in response;
services, alongas a result,
with to avoidand
the economic separated out, and
double-counting
human/emotionalno additional
(social) costs
costs. An of these types
average fiscal should
cost perbeincident
tackedhas
on for thederived
been same incident of anti-social
using data from the comments cell revised (no
behaviour.
British Crime Survey (BCS) on the incidence of DV in England and Wales, which has been factored up to change to fiscal values)
account for a substantial undercount in the main BCS (people are reluctant to answer sensitive questions
face-to-face
These figures with an interviewer);
represent the overalla multiplier
average costof x5ofhas beenone
holding used, based for
prisoner on aresearch
year, andin comprise
a related Walby
the net Update Fiscal value updated using
report that found that the prevalence of DV identified in the more accurate BCS self-completion
expenditure managed and recorded at each prison plus the net expenditure met at regional or national module level
was data from the 2013/14
approximately
and recorded infivethetimes
annualgreater than of
accounts thatthereported
NationalinOffender
the face-to-face surveyService
Management (see Walby, 2004:
(NOMS). The'HOcost
Research
is report, and Comment cell
Study 276 - Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking - findings from the BCS', p.112).
derived from overall resource expenditure across prison types divided by the (mean) average of the 12-month revised. Also restructured /
end prison populations for the year. renumbered
The constituent fiscal costs reported in the rows below are derived from evidence on the profile of DV costs
This figure
across refers
public to the given
agencies 83,366 in first-time
an earlierentrants
(2004) in 2000report,
Walby and the costs
'The Costinof
the first yearViolence';
Domestic following this
the offence.
profile Update Updated to just consider the
This
Many average
of this is drawn
cohort from
went on the
to constituent
commit costs
further detailed
offences in below
the (CR3.0.1
years 2001 - CR3.0.8),
to 2008. On plus the Young
average, the cost to the first year following offending
was then applied
Offenders Institute tocosts
the updated total cost in theThe
2009 Walby publication. Note that the Walbycostcosts are per
criminal
incident justice
over thesystem
lifetimeofat
of
CR4.2
the
thecohort
victim
and CR4.3.
during
- we have
source
this period
assumed
also
wasthat gives data£8,000
approximately
the identified
on the average
fiscal per
costsyear for prisons
(2008/09
are, prices).
in the main, likely with additional years costs
operated
See by the public sector and those operated by a private contractor.
to bepage 25 of the
expended NAO report
relatively for further
soon after details.and can therefore be considered as an annual fiscal cost per
the incident, included in commentary.
incident. Depending on your use of the fiscal unit cost, care should be taken to avoid double-counting - for New hyperlink to source
example, if modelling alongside outcomes relating to child protection and/or statutory homelessness, you may New hyperlink to source.
need to exclude the social services and housing services constituent costs detailed here. Restructured / renumbered
The economic and social costs associated with DV are also derived from Walby's 2009 update paper and
2004 report, following the same approach used to derive the fiscal costs. The economic cost per incident
comprises
£342 policecostscosts, to£245
individual victims of
duty solicitor £818,£6and
costs, YOS to input
employers of £655,
(average figurerelated to time
per arrest off work
- most duewill
arrests to not
injuries Restructured / renumbered.
(and also, for
include YOS input) individuals, travel/lost wages for GP visits, prescription charges, the cost of setting up new Change to unit description
homes/re-possession following divorce and separation due to DV, and civil/legal costs). The social cost per
incident is based upon the human and emotional cost associated with DV (Walby derives this from estimates
of what people would pay to avoid injuries/trauma relating to DV). As with the fiscal costs, we can assume
that the economic costs are relatively short-term, so can be considered as an annual economic cost per
These
incident;arehowever,
the average fiscal,costs
the social economic
may be andlonger-term,
social costsparticularly
per incident in of crime
terms of across
mentalall crimeissues,
health types -which
see the Update Economic and social values
subsidiary
could endure (and related
over constituent)
the victim's costs
lifetime. Anbelow
amberforflag specific typesapplied
has been of crime. Note
to the thatgiven
costs, for modelling purposes,
the assumptions separated out, source
a multiplier
involved andmaytheneed
lowertolevel
be applied to convert
of confidence thatincidents of recorded
can be attached to thecrime
datatoused
actual crime (see
to derive the pertheincident
CBA reference and comments
Guidance
values. document - the average multiplier for Greater Manchester for 2011/12 was 5.24). To derive an cell revised. Restructured /
annual fiscal, economic or social benefit, modelling may also need to take into account the average number of renumbered (no change to
crime
This isincidents
Finally, the thatcommitted
noteestimated
this cost
average per cost
individual
includes the
of an perofyear.
cost
hour individual
of a policecrimes
officer'sand criminal
time, ranked justice activity
Sergeant andinbelow.
response;
It is as a New cost fiscal values)
New cost added into
result, to avoid double-counting no
derived from Home Office analysis of data from additional costs
the of theseSurvey
Annual types should
of Hours beand
tacked on for (ONS,
Earnings the same incident
2014) on the database, derived by the
The economic
of Domestic
pay and value
Violence.
hours falling
of police to individuals
officers, (and/or
typical rates businesses)
of National includes
Insurance andincreased
information insurance
on employer costspension
and loss of Home Office
property.
contributionsThefromsocial
thevalue
Home is Office’s
based uponPolicetheWorkforce
physical and and emotional
Capabilities impact on directThe
Unit (2014). victims
numberof crime.
of training,
sick and leave days are obtained from ACPO statistics and the size of the police workforce from police
Note that this
workforce is an overall
statistics. Finally, figure for the has
an on-cost costbeen
of crime, which
applied includes
based a wide range
on spending of costs transport,
on premises, to the criminal
supplies,
justice system and other government departments, individuals
services and training, which is obtained from CIPFA police actuals (12/13). and society. As such, to avoid double-counting,
this cost should not be combined with other cost figures for specific crime types.
Fiscal value
category Estimated Updated
cost/saving cost/saving
EDUCATION & TRUANCY E&S1.0 Persistent truancy - total fiscal cost of persistent Per person per year Multiple £ 1,509 2005/06 £ 1,878
SKILLS truancy (missing at least five weeks of school per year),
per individual per effective year
EDUCATION & EXCLUSION E&S2.0 Permanent exclusion from school - fiscal and economic Per person per year Multiple £ 9,219 2005/06 £ 11,473
SKILLS cost of permanent exclusion from school, per individual
per effective year
EDUCATION & SCHOOL E&S3.0 School readiness - fiscal savings associated with Per person per year Schools Department for £ 1,000 2012/13 £ 1,053
SKILLS READINESS improved school readiness on entry to reception year Education
(age 4-5)
EDUCATION & PROGRAMMES E&S4.0 School-based emotional learning programme - cost of Per child per year Schools Department for £ 132 2009/10 £ 148
SKILLS delivery, per child per year Education
EDUCATION & QUALIFICATIONS/ E&S5.0 NVQ Level 2 Qualification - annual fiscal and economic Per person per year HM Treasury £ 83 2010/11 £ 90
SKILLS SKILLS benefits
EDUCATION & QUALIFICATIONS/ E&S6.0 City & Guilds Level 2 Qualification - annual fiscal and Per person per year HM Treasury £ 641 2010/11 £ 698
SKILLS SKILLS economic benefits
EDUCATION & QUALIFICATIONS/ E&S7.0 BTEC Level 2 Qualification - annual fiscal and economic Per person per year HM Treasury £ 494 2010/11 £ 538
EDUCATION & QUALIFICATIONS/ E&S8.0 Apprenticeship Level 2 Qualification - annual fiscal and Per person per year HM Treasury £ 787 2010/11 £ 857
EDUCATION & QUALIFICATIONS/ E&S9.0 NVQ Level 3 Qualification - annual fiscal and economic Per person per year HM Treasury £ 513 2010/11 £ 559
EDUCATION & QUALIFICATIONS/ E&S10.0 City & Guilds Level 3 Qualification - annual fiscal and Per person per year HM Treasury £ 741 2010/11 £ 808
Fiscal value
EDUCATION & QUALIFICATIONS/ E&S11.0 BTEC Level 3 Qualification - annual fiscal and economic Per person per year HM Treasury £ 683 2010/11 £ 744
EDUCATION & QUALIFICATIONS/ E&S12.0 Apprenticeship Level 3 Qualification - annual fiscal and Per person per year HM Treasury £ 1,391 2010/11 £ 1,515
EDUCATION & QUALIFICATIONS/ E&S13.0 Graduate Level 4+ Qualification - annual fiscal and Per person per year HM Treasury £ 2,750 2010/11 £ 2,996
Economic value Social value
RAG
Original source
Estimated Updated Estimated Updated assessment
Year Year
cost/saving cost/saving cost/saving cost/saving
£ 842 2005/06 £ 1,048 Misspent Youth (2007)
A
£ 529 2005/06 £ 658 Misspent Youth (2007)
A
Derived from DfE (2013): Illustrative Examples: Constructing the Notional SEN Budget for a Mainstream School or Academy
A
Mental Health Promotion and Mental Illness Prevention: the economic case (Knapp et al, 2011), p.9
G
£ 443 2010/11 £ 483 BIS (2011): Returns to Intermediate and Low Level Vocational Qualifications p9 to 10
G
£ 1,059 2010/11 £ 1,153 BIS (2011): Returns to Intermediate and Low Level Vocational Qualifications p9 to 10
G
£ 878 2010/11 £ 956 BIS (2011): Returns to Intermediate and Low Level Vocational
Qualifications p9 to 10
G
£ 1,208 2010/11 £ 1,316 BIS (2011): Returns to Intermediate and Low Level Vocational
G
£ 921 2010/11 £ 1,003 BIS (2011): Returns to Intermediate and Low Level Vocational
G
G
RAG
Original source
Year Year
G
G
£ 3,125 2010/11 £ 3,404 BIS (2011): The Returns to Higher Education Qualifications p15 to 16
G
v.1.4 revisions
Comment
New /
Changes made
update
Note age of data. The data are expressed in 2005 figures in the 2007 report. It is important to caveat the Update Economic cost separated
quoted, average cost - potentially values can vary significantly depending on the case. The source assumes out, and Comment cell
truancy of individual during the 11 year period that a child spends at school. Note comments on the revised. No change to fiscal
constituent cost entries below, which explain how the cost per effective year has been calculated. values
The
NoteGM ageCBA model
of data. The usesdataa sub-set
are expressed of the £1,509
in 2005fiscalfiguresvalue for 2007
in the modelling
report. purposes, based to
It is important oncaveat
the the Update Economic cost separated
assumption
quoted, average cost - potentially values can vary significantly depending on the case. Note commentsrather
that local authority initiatives around truancy tend to be proactive, focused on attendance, on out, and Comment cell
than reactive
constituent as abelow,
costs result which
of children
explain beinghowabsent
the cost fromperschool (local
effective year authority
has been expenditure
calculated. on proactive revised. No change to fiscal
initiatives would therefore be captured in the costs section of the CBA methodology, rather than the benefits). values
A
Thefiscal cost of cost
economic £803toisthe used, excluding
individual the cost
relates to lost of earnings
alternative dueeducational
to permanent provision that falls
exclusion, which to is
thequotedlocal 'per
authority,
effective and comprising the costs falling to criminal justice (£424) and health (£52) agencies, and to local
This is anyear'
authority social
(this isvalue
estimatedservices
drawnforfrom
(£328) the the
annual
(see
lifetime
the fiscal figure
constituent
quoted
savings cost
in Misspent
derived
rows by schools
below
Youth,
this as aand
headline
based
result on a 40-year
of entrants
entry; all values toquoted
receptionin
working
year (at life. 4-5)
age However,achievingnoteathat'good' the level
benefitsof will be delayed
development at untilEarly
the the child
Years isFoundation
of working age, Stage. so The
may cost not be
is
this cell
relevant are at 2005/06 prices).
based ontoDepartment
shorter-termformodelling).
Education illustrative examples for calculating school budgets, and is premised on
the
Thelink between
economic cost increased school readiness
to the individual relates toand lostaearnings
reduction in the
due cost of special
to truancy, which iseducation
quoted 'per needs
effectiveprovision.
year'
However,
(this is drawn as funding
from themechanisms
lifetime figure forquoted
schoolsinare based Youth,
Misspent on localand funding
basedarrangements
on a 40-year and the way
working life. that
Local
This isAuthorities
However, thenote
costthatperallocate
the Dedicated
childbenefits
per year will
ofbe Schools
delayed
delivering Grant
auntil (DSG)
the child
school-based funding, the actual
isemotional
of working age,
learningfiscal benefit
not will
soprogramme
may depend
be (SEL),
relevant upon
to
and
local arrangements.
shorter-term
includes modelling).
the cost There will also be longer-term economic impacts for
of teacher training, programme coordinator and materials. SEL programmes are designed to individual children who have an
improved
help address education.
conductAn amber flag
problems has beensuch
in childhood; allocated
problemsto reflect
lead the potential variance
to significant longer-termin the quoted
costs cost.to
relating
adverse outcomes such as increased risk of criminal activity, fewer school qualifications, parenthood at a
young age, unemployment, divorce or separation, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. The
programmes
The fiscal value help is children
calculated andusingyoung thepeople
up-front to costs
recognise and manage
of supporting emotions,
qualification set and achieve
attainment, and thepositive change in Update Economic cost differentiated
goals, appreciate the perspectives of others, establish and maintain
tax revenues (increase in income tax, national insurance contributions and VAT payments) associated positive relationships, make responsible
with in separate column, and
decisions
qualification and handle interpersonal
attainment. The sourcesituations
quotes theconstructively.
benefit over an Participants
average working can demonstrate
lifetime of 40 significantly
years, from Comment cell revised.
improved
which an averagesocial and emotional
annual benefit skills,
has attitudes,
been calculated behaviour, and academic
by dividing performance.
by 40 (multiply by 40 toSee the to
return related
the working Public value/ transfer
subsidiary measure and constituent costs (below) for data on the fiscal
lifetime figure). The economic value represents the additional annual earnings gain per employee as a result savings estimated to be derived from payment comment added.
delivery
of achievingof SEL programmes.
the isqualification; it is the
The fiscal value calculated using thelower
up-frontestimate,
costs and reflects anqualification
of supporting assumptionattainment,
that 50% ofand thethe employment
change in Update Changed
Economic'Outcome detail'
cost differentiated
benefit
tax revenues (increase in income tax, national insurance contributions and VAT payments) associated withare
is attributed to the qualification, following the approach of McIntosh (2007), while higher estimates heading
in separate column, and to
from 'Earnings'
available
qualification thatattainment.
are based The on an assumption
source quotesthat 100% ofover
the benefit the anemployment
average workinggain is lifetime
a result of
of 40
obtaining
years, from the 'Qualifications/ skills'
Comment cell revised.
qualification.
which an average As with the fiscal
annual benefit value,
has anbeen annual benefitby
calculated has been calculated
dividing by 40 (multiply by dividing
by 40 tothe economic
return to thevalue working for Public value/ transfer
an average working lifetime (40 years) by 40. Note that when considering
lifetime figure). The economic value represents the additional annual earnings gain per employee as a result the overall public value relating to payment comment added.
achieving
of achieving thethequalification,
qualification; theit fiscal
is the saving estimate,
should beand excluded,
reflectsas this is effectively thata50%
transfer payment
The fiscalbenefits
(taxation value is calculated
simply move using
monies thelower
up-front
from the costs of supporting
individual to the
anqualification
assumption
Exchequer). attainment,
Total public
ofand
value
the employment
isthe change in
therefore Update Changed
cost differentiated
benefit
tax is
revenues attributed
(increase to the
in qualification,
income tax, following
national the
insuranceapproach of McIntosh
contributions and (2007),
VAT while
payments) higher estimates
associated withare heading
from 'Earnings'
£443
available(2010/11
that prices).
are based on an assumption that 100% of the employment gain is a result of obtaining the 'Qualifications/ skills'
qualification attainment. The source quotes the benefit over an average working lifetime of 40 years, from Comment cell revised.
qualification.
achieving
transfer payment
The fiscalbenefits
simply move using
monies thelower
up-front
individual to the
anqualification
assumption
Total public
ofand
value
the employment
isthe change in
cost differentiated
benefit
tax is
revenues attributed
(increase to the
in qualification,
national the
VAT while
from 'Earnings'
£1,059
available (2010/11
that are prices).
based on an assumption that 100% of the employment gain is a result of obtaining the 'Qualifications/ skills'
qualification.
achieving
transfer payment
The fiscalbenefits
simply move using
monies thelower
up-front
individual to the
anqualification
assumption
Total public
ofand
value
the employment
isthe change in
cost differentiated
benefit
tax is
revenues attributed
(increase to the
in qualification,
national the
VAT while
from 'Earnings'
£878
available(2010/11
that prices).
are based on an assumption that 100% of the employment gain is a result of obtaining the 'Qualifications/ skills'
qualification.
achieving
transfer payment
The fiscalbenefits
simply move using
monies thelower
up-front
individual to the
anqualification
assumption
Total public
ofand
value
the employment
isthe change in
cost differentiated
benefit
tax is
revenues attributed
(increase to the
in qualification,
national the
VAT while
from 'Earnings'
£1,208
available (2010/11
that are prices).
qualification.
achieving
is thesaving should beand
lower estimate, excluded,
reflectsas anthis is effectively
assumption thata50%
transfer
of the payment
employment Changed 'Outcome detail'
(taxation benefits simply move monies from the individual to the Exchequer).
benefit is attributed to the qualification, following the approach of McIntosh (2007), while higher estimates Total public value is therefore are heading from 'Earnings' to
£921
available(2010/11
that are prices).
qualification. As with the fiscal value, an annual benefit has been calculated by dividing the economic value for
an average working lifetime (40 years) by 40. Note that when considering the overall public value relating to
achieving the qualification, the fiscal saving should be excluded, as this is effectively a transfer payment
(taxation benefits simply move monies from the individual to the Exchequer). Total public value is therefore
£1,382 (2010/11 prices).
v.1.4 revisions
Comment
New /
Changes made
update
The fiscal value is calculated using the up-front costs of supporting qualification attainment, and the change in Update Economic cost differentiated
tax revenues (increase in income tax, national insurance contributions and VAT payments) associated with in separate column, and
which an average annual benefit has been calculated by dividing by 40 (multiply by 40 to return to the working Public value/ transfer
lifetime figure). The economic value represents the additional annual earnings gain per employee as a result payment comment added.
of
The achieving
fiscal valuethe is
qualification;
calculated using it is the
thelower estimate,
up-front costs and reflects anqualification
of supporting assumptionattainment,
that 50% ofandthetheemployment
change in Update Changed
cost differentiated
benefit
tax revenues (increase in income tax, national insurance contributions and VAT payments) associated withare
is attributed to the qualification, following the approach of McIntosh (2007), while higher estimates heading
from 'Earnings'
available
qualification thatattainment.
are based The on an assumption
source quotesthat 100% ofover
the benefit the an
employment gain is lifetime
average working a result of
of 40
obtaining the
years, from 'Qualifications/ skills'
qualification.
which an average annual benefit has been calculated by dividing by 40 (multiply by 40 to return to thevalue
As with the fiscal value, an annual benefit has been calculated by dividing the economic for
working Public value/ transfer
an average
lifetime working
figure). The lifetime
economic (40value
years) by 40. Note
represents the that when considering
additional annual earnings the overall
gain perpublic value relating
employee to
as a result payment comment added.
achieving
of achieving thethe
qualification, theit fiscal saving should beand excluded, as this is effectively
thata50%
transfer payment
The
(taxation gross qualification;
meanbenefits Exchequer
simply move
is the(i.e.
benefit
monies
lower
from
estimate,
enhanced
the incomereflects
individual tax
to and
the
an assumption
National
Exchequer). Insurance
Total
of the
receipts
public value
employment
before the
is therefore Update Changed
cost differentiated
benefit
costs ofis attributed
provision) to the
associated qualification,
with following
undergraduate the approach
degree levelof McIntosh
provision (2007),
stands at while higher
approximately estimates
£110,000 are
in heading
from 'Earnings'
£1,123
available (2010/11
that are prices).
based on benefit
an assumption
present value terms. If this extendsthatover100% of the employment
an average gainofis40
working lifetime a result
years,ofanobtaining
averagethe annual 'Qualifications/ skills'
qualification.
benefit can be calculated by dividing by 40. The economic value is the mean gross graduate premiumvalue
As with the fiscal value, an annual benefit has been calculated by dividing the economic (i.e. for Public value/ transfer
an averageannual
additional working lifetimegain
earnings (40 per
years) by 40. as
employee Note that when
a result considering
of achieving the overall public
the qualification, net ofvalue relating
tax and to
National payment comment added.
achieving the qualification, the fiscal saving should be excluded, as this is effectively
Insurance, but before the costs associated with qualification attainment); although not explicitly modelled, it a transfer payment Changed 'Outcome detail'
(taxation
stands at benefits simply £125,000
approximately move monies from the
in present individual
value terms. to
Asthe
withExchequer). Totalan
the fiscal value, public value
annual is therefore
benefit has been heading from 'Earnings' to
£1,925 (2010/11 prices).
calculated by dividing this value for an average working lifetime (40 years) by 40. Note that when considering 'Qualifications/ skills'
the overall public value relating to achieving the qualification, the fiscal saving should be excluded, as this is
effectively a transfer payment (taxation benefits simply move monies from the individual to the Exchequer).
Total public value is therefore £3,125 (2010/11 prices).
Fiscal value
EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS E&E1.0 Job Seeker's Allowance Per claimant per Multiple DWP £ 9,800 2012/13 £ 10,321
& ECONOMY Fiscal and economic benefit from a workless claimant year
entering work
EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS E&E2.0 Employment and Support Allowance / Incapacity Benefit Per claimant per Multiple DWP £ 8,632 2012/13 £ 9,091
entering work
EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS E&E3.0 Income Support Per claimant per Multiple DWP £ 7,570 2012/13 £ 7,972
entering work
EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS E&E4.0 Work Programme (HISTORIC) Per customer DWP JCP £ 400 2010/11 £ 436
& ECONOMY Attachment fee (fixed payment)
EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS E&E5.0 Personal Independence Payment Per week DWP JCP £ 81 2014/15 £ 82
& ECONOMY Daily living component: enhanced
EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS E&E6.0 Disability Living Allowance for Children Per week DWP JCP £ 81 2014/15 £ 82
& ECONOMY Care component: highest
EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS E&E7.0 Disability Living Allowance (HISTORIC) Per week DWP JCP £ 81 2014/15 £ 82
& ECONOMY Care component: highest
EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS E&E8.0 Attendance Allowance Per week DWP JCP £ 81 2014/15 £ 82
& ECONOMY Higher rate
EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS E&E9.0 Carer's Allowance Per week DWP JCP £ 61 2014/15 £ 62
& ECONOMY Weekly payment
EMPLOYMENT NEETs E&E10.0 Not in Employment Education or Training (NEET) Per year DWP HM Revenue and £ 4,257 2010/11 £ 4,637
& ECONOMY Average cost per 18-24 year old NEET Customs
Fiscal value
EMPLOYMENT LABOUR COSTS E&E11.0 Troubled Families Programme - Troubled Families Per FTE DWP JCP £ 31,174 2013/14 £ 32,148
& ECONOMY Employment Adviser (TFEA), Executive Officer (EO)
grade - average staffing cost (national average)
EMPLOYMENT LABOUR COSTS E&E11.1 Troubled Families Programme - Troubled Families Per FTE DWP JCP £ 38,453 2013/14 £ 39,654
& ECONOMY Employment Adviser (TFEA), Higher Executive Officer
(HEO) grade - average staffing cost (national average)
RAG
Original source
Year Year
£ 14,044 2012/13 £ 14,790 Department for Work and Pensions response to parliamentary questions (HC Deb 6 February 2013, vol 558, col 352W)
G
£ 12,568 2012/13 £ 13,236 DWP modelling (unpublished)
G
£ 8,701 2012/13 £ 9,163 DWP modelling (unpublished)
G
DWP Work Programme Invitation to Tender, Dec. 2010 (Annex
A, p.39)
G
Personal Independence Payment (PIP) (GOV.UK, February 2015)
G
Disability Living Allowance (DLA) for Children (GOV.UK, January 2015)
G
Disability Living Allowance (DLA) for Adults (GOV.UK, January 2015)
G
Attendance Allowance (GOV.UK, February 2015)
G
Carer's Allowance (GOV.UK, February 2015)
G
£ 8,998 2010/11 £ 9,801 Youth Unemployment: the crisis we cannot afford (ACEVO Commission on Youth Unemployment, 2012)
A
RAG
Original source
Year Year
DWP estimate (unpublished)
G
DWP estimate (unpublished)
G
v.1.4 revisions
Comment
New /
Changes made
update
Jobseekers Allowance (JSA) is the main benefit for people who are out of work and seeking employment; it is Update Economic cost differentiated
based on either National Insurance (NI) contributions or low income. This is the fiscal benefit from a JSA in separate column, change
claimant entering work. to signposted source, and
The given value is an illustrative estimate by the Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) of the costs and Public value/ transfer
benefits
Employment that would
and Support occur ifAllowance
some hypothetical
(ESA) is the 'typical'
mainJSA claimant
benefit (who who
for people would otherwise
are have remained
sick or disabled, and is on Update payment
Economiccomment added
cost differentiated
benefits) were to move into employment for one additional year.
based on either National Insurance (NI) contributions or low income. ESA has replaced Incapacity Benefit The in-work wages and working hours of (IB) in separate column, change
'typical' claimants are assumed to be consistent with those
for all new claims. This is the fiscal benefit from an ESA / IB claimant entering work. reported by relevant former benefit claimants (see to signposted source, and
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/214578/rrep791.pdf). Changes Comment cell revised.
in
Theincome
given taxvalueandis NI anpayments
illustrativeare estimated
estimate by theby Department
applying a simplifiedof Work and model of the tax
Pensions (DWP)and NI systems
of the costs to andthe Public value/ transfer
relevant
benefits in-work
that would wage estimates.
occurmoney Changes
if someforhypothetical in tax credits, indirect tax and benefit payments are estimated
Income
using theSupport
DWP's isPolicy
extra Simulation those on a 'typical'
Model. low income ESAor WRAG
none at (Work-Related
all, who are working Activity Group)
less than claimant
16 hours a Update payment
Economiccomment added
cost differentiated
(who would otherwise have remained on benefits) were to move
week and haven't signed on as unemployed. This is the fiscal benefit from an Income Support claimant into employment for one additional year. The in separate column, change
in-work
entering wages
work. and working hours of 'typical' claimants are assumed to be consistent with those reported by to signposted source, and
As shownformer
relevant in thebenefit
constituent
claimantscost lines
(see below, the cost comprises savings in benefits payments accruing to the
DWP's Annually Managed Expenditure, and savings to the NHS related to a reduction in health care Changes costs Comment cell revised.
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/214578/rrep791.pdf).
The given value is an illustrative estimate by the Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) of the costs and Public value/ transfer
associated
in incomethat with
taxwould being
and NIoccur out
paymentsof work.
are As stated
estimated by above, monetisation
applying a simplifiedis based
model on entry
of the into
taxwouldemployment
and NI systems fortoathe
12
benefits
month
Fee is period.
£600 for Not
ESA all
flow if
and some
individuals ESA hypothetical
entering
ex-IB claimants'typical'
employment Income
will staySupport
in a job claimant
indefinitely,(who and otherwise
therefore an have payment comment added
relevant
remained in-work
on of wage were
benefits) estimates. Changes in tax credits, indirect tax and benefit payments are estimated
assessment
using the DWP's thePolicy
length of to move
employment
Simulation
into employment
Model. should be included for one additional
when year.
calculating The in-workofwages
the impact and working
an intervention.
hours of 'typical' claimants are assumed to be consistent with those reported by relevant former benefit
claimants
The economic(see impact relates to increased earnings as a result of entering employment. Note that when
As shown in the constituent cost lines below, the cost comprises savings in benefits payments accruing
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/214578/rrep791.pdf). to the
Changes
considering
DWP's Annuallythe overall
Managed public value relating
Expenditure, and to a JSA to
savings claimant
the NHS entering
related work,
to a the fiscal in
reduction saving
health fromcare benefits
costs
in income tax
payments andbe
should NI excluded,
payments as arethisestimated by applying
isiseffectively apayment
transfer a simplified
payment model of the taxofand
(non-payment NI systems
aemployment
social security to the
associated
Personal
relevant with being
Independence
in-work wage out of work. (PIP)
Payment
estimates. As stated
Changes a in above,
regular
tax monetisation
credits, for
indirect is based
disabled
tax and on entry
adults
benefit who into
need
payments help
are with forextra
the
estimated a 12 New cost New benefit value added to
benefit
month
costs just moves
period.
caused by Not money
all
long-term from
individuals
ill one
health place
entering
or to another).
employment
disability. PIP Total
will
started public
stay
to in a value
replace job is therefore
indefinitely,
Disability £14,610
and
Living therefore
Allowance (2012/13
an(DLA) for database
using
prices);the DWP's
this comprises Policythe Simulation Model.
assessment
people aged of
16the to 64 fromof£566
length Aprilfiscal
8employment2013. benefit
should to health
be included agencieswhen plus the £14,044
calculating economic
the impact of anbenefit to the
intervention.
individual.
As shown in the constituent cost lines below, the cost comprises savings in benefits payments accruing to the
The
PIP
DWP's economic
has a Careimpact
Annually Component
Managed relates to increased
and/or
Expenditure, a Mobility
and earnings
Component.
savings asto athe result
NHSof
The entering
amounts
related employment.
topaid depend upon
a reduction in Note how
health that when
the
care claimants
costs
considering
disability
associated
Disability or the
health overall
with Allowance
Living public
condition
being out of(DLA) value
affects relating
them,
work.forAsChildren to
with
stated above,a ESA
weekly
is a regular / IB claimant
payments
monetisation entering
varying
paymentistobased work,
between
support onthe the
entry£21.55
extra fiscaland
intocosts saving
£138.05
employment from
of looking forafter
a 12a New cost New benefit value added to
benefits
(2014/15
month(aged
child payments
prices).
period. under Not16) should
Decisions
all who be
individuals
has excluded,
over whether
entering
difficulty as this isoreffectively
claimants
employment
walking receive
needs aboth
willmore transfer
stay in or
a job
looking justpayment
one than (non-payment
of the
indefinitely,
after a component of theof
and therefore
child aansocial
elements
same agearewho database
security
based
doesn’ton
assessment benefit
an of
have justlength
assessment,
a the movesIt
disability. of money
which from
aalso
employment
has Care one
determines placebe
should
Component toand/or
another).
whether
included the Totalcalculating
enhanced
when
a Mobility public or value
Component. theisimpact
standard therefore
Therates ofare
amountsan£13,700
paid.
paidSee
intervention.
dependthe
(2012/13
source
upon how prices);
website
the levelforthisof comprises
morehelp information
the childthe needs,
£1,132
eligibility.fiscalweekly
with benefitpayments
to health varying
agencies plus the£21.55
between £12,568 andeconomic
£138.05
benefit
(2014/15 to
The economic the individual.
prices). impact relatesover
Decisions to increased earnings as
whether claimants a result
receive of entering
both or just one employment.
of the component Note that when are
elements
considering
based on an the overall
assessment, public
which value
also relating
determinesto an Income
whether Support
the claimant
enhanced
Disability Living Allowance (DLA) is a regular payment for disabled adults who need help with the extra or entering
standard work,
rates the
are fiscal
paid. saving
See the
costs Update Updated with benefit values
from
source benefits
website payments
for more should
informationbe excluded,
eligibility. as this
The is
highesteffectively
Care
caused by a disability; it is now a historic benefit, with new claimants either claiming Disability Livinga transfer
Component payment
rate is (non-payment
paid to children of a social
needing for 2014-15. 'Cost/Saving
security
help benefit
or supervision
Allowance just throughout
for Children, moves or ifmoney
an both from
adult, day one
andplace
Personal night, to
oranother).
who are Payment
Independence Total public
terminally ill. value
(PIP). is therefore
DLA has a Care £9,267 (2012/13
Component detail' and 'Comment' cells
prices);
and/or a Mobility Component. The amounts paid depend upon how the claimant's disability or health the
this comprises the £566 fiscal benefit to health agencies plus the £8,701 economic benefit to revised to reflect change in
individual.
condition affects them. The highest Care Component rate is paid to people needing help or supervision DLA status. Renumbered
throughout
Attendanceboth day and
Allowance night,
is a or who
regular are terminally
payment for peopleill.who need help with personal care because they are Update Updated with benefit values
physically or mentally disabled and are aged 65 or over. It is paid weekly at 2 different rates, depending on for 2014-15. Renumbered
the level of help needed by the claimant. The higher rate is paid for people requiring help or supervision
throughout both day and night, or who are terminally ill.
Carers Allowance is a regular payment for carers to help look after someone with substantial caring needs - Update Updated with benefit values
involving caring for at least 35 hours a week (see source for other eligibility criteria). for 2014-15. Renumbered
This cost has been calculated from data in the source report on the total cost of 18-24 year old NEETs (young Update Fiscal value very slightly
people not in education, employment and training) to the national exchequer divided by the number of NEETs changed. New agency split
nationally. The fiscal value comprises benefit payments (worklessness and housing benefits) falling to the and economic value (see
Department of Work and Pensions, and foregone tax and national insurance receipts falling to HM Revenue new constituent entries
and Customs (also relevant here is a negative value associated with payment of working tax credits resulting below), and comments cell
from NEETs moving into low salaried work, and payment of child tax credits). In contrast to the subsidiary revised. Renumbered
entry below, which gives the future fiscal cost to the Exchequer associated with NEET status as a young
person, this is the fiscal cost whilst the individual young person is currently NEET.
The economic value represents the loss of earnings to the individual young person whilst NEET. As with the
fiscal value, note that it is a current cost, in contrast to the subsidiary entry below which gives the future
annual economic cost to the individual. A social value has not been quantified.
An amber flag has been allocated in recognition of the global, top-down nature of the calculation, and the lack
of consideration of wider fiscal elements such as costs associated with the health and/or crime impacts of
v.1.4 revisions
Comment
New /
Changes made
update
This is the estimated annual staffing cost associated with a full-time Troubled Families Employment Adviser New cost New cost added into
(TFEA) at Executive Officer (EO) grade. TFEAs were introduced as part of the government's Troubled database, derived by DWP
Families programme in 2013; they are specialist Jobcentre Plus (JCP) advisers who work with local troubled
families teams to give intensive, practical support to families to help them move into employment. This
support includes CV writing, job interview skills, and signposting to local training opportunities and job
vacancies.
This is the estimated annual staffing cost associated with a full-time Troubled Families Employment Adviser New cost New cost added into
(TFEA) at Higher Executive Officer (HEO) grade. TFEAs were introduced as part of the government's database, derived by DWP
The entryFamilies
Troubled is derived from data in
programme on2013;
staffing costs,
they including employers’
are specialist pension
Jobcentre Plus (JCP)contributions
advisers whoand national
work with local
insurance (NI) payments. Note that it is not the paid salary. Most TFEAs are at EO grade, although
troubled families teams to give intensive, practical support to families to help them move into employment. Higher
Executive
This supportOfficer (HEO)
includes CVgrade willjob
writing, apply in some
interview areas
skills, and- see the subsidiary
signposting to localcost line below.
training DWP has
opportunities and agreed
job
a figure of 3% to cover travel, learning and development, IT and telephony; this is included in the overall total.
vacancies.
In
Theaddition
entry istoderived
this national average,
from data DWP has
on staffing derived
costs, an Inner
including London
employers’ cost forcontributions
pension a TFEA at EO grade
and of
national
£36,121, and an Outer London cost of £33,123 (both at 2013/14 prices).
insurance (NI) payments. Note that it is not the paid salary. Although Higher Executive Officer (HEO) grade
will apply in some areas, most TFEAs are at Executive Officer (EO) grade - see the above headline entry.
DWP has agreed a figure of 3% to cover travel, learning and development, IT and telephony; this is included
in the overall total.
In addition to this national average, DWP has derived an Inner London cost for a TFEA at HEO grade of
£43,806, and an Outer London cost of £40,698 (both at 2013/14 prices).
Fiscal value Economic valu
FIRE - FI1.0 Average consequence cost per fire Per incident Multiple Multiple £ 3,079 2008/09 £ 3,536 £ 2,713
FIRE - FI2.0 Average response cost per fire Per incident Fire Service £ 3,186 2008/09 £ 3,659
FIRE BUILDINGS FI3.0 Average cost of a fire in a domestic building Per incident Multiple Multiple £ 44,523 2008/09 £ 51,129
FIRE BUILDINGS FI4.0 Average cost of a fire in a commercial building Per incident Multiple Multiple £ 75,881 2008/09 £ 87,140
FIRE BUILDINGS FI5.0 Average cost of a fire in a public sector building Per incident Multiple Multiple £ 63,853 2008/09 £ 73,327
FIRE NON-BUILDINGS FI6.0 Average cost of a non-buildings fire Per incident Multiple Multiple £ 6,412 2008/09 £ 7,363
FIRE LABOUR COSTS FI7.0 Average fire safety labour cost per hour Per hour Fire Service £ 16 2008/09 £ 18
PER HOUR
RAG
Original source
Year Year
2008/09 £ 3,116 The economic cost of fire: estimates for 2008 - Fire Research Report 3/2011 (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2011), p.29-30
A
The economic cost of fire: estimates for 2008 - Fire Research Report 3/2011 (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2011), p.29-30
A
The economic cost of fire: estimates for 2008 - Fire Research Report 3/2011 (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2011), p.19
A
A
A
A
A
v.1.4 revisions
Comment
New /
Changes made
update
This cost is derived from the constituent cost lines detailed below - it includes the cost per fire of fatalities, Update Economic cost differentiated
injuries and non-detected arson, and costs to the Criminal Justice System, police, and prison service. in separate column, and
Although the latter (agency) costs are fiscal, note that elements of the other costs may not be. The economic comments cell revised
value per fire comprises property damage of (2008/09 prices) £2,634, and for lost business of £79; the
average public value consequence cost per fire, combining the fiscal and economic costs, is £5,792. Quoted
costs
This isare
theaverages
responsefor England;
cost per firethe sourcebyalso
incurred the gives averages
fire service - it isfor
a the nine
fiscal English
cost, regions.
although not one that is easily
cashable (avoiding a certain number of responses does not necessarily mean a fire worker, appliance or
station can be decommissioned). The cost is an average for England; the source also gives averages for the
nine English regions.
No breakdown is given over how the cost is derived, although it comprises both costs as a consequence of
fire and costs in response to fire; it includes the average cost of arson. Costs in anticipation of fire are not
included (e.g. the cost of installing fire protection in buildings). Note that costs as a consequence of fire will
include economic and social costs as well as fiscal. This is an average cost for England; the source also
gives averages for the nine English regions.
Non-building fires refer to other outdoor structures including post boxes, tunnels, bridges. No breakdown is
given over how the cost is derived, although it comprises both costs as a consequence of fire and costs in
response to fire; it includes the average cost of arson. Costs in anticipation of fire are not included; nor are
costs related to property damage. Note that costs as a consequence of fire will include economic and social
costs as well as fiscal. This is an average cost for England; the source also gives averages for the nine
English regions.
The source also quotes a London-weighted cost per hour for fire safety work of £20 (at 2008-09 prices). No
further definition is given, but a related report states that data were calculated from the average cost per hour
of fire safety labour plus a 30% overhead to account for fixed administration costs such as expenses for
premises (rent or building depreciation), telephone, heating, electricity, IT equipment, etc.; the overhead also
included absence owing to illness. Although it is not clear from the source, is seems likely that the cost does
not include 'on-costs' such as national insurance and employer pension contributions.
Fiscal value Economic val
category Estimated Updated cost/ Estimated
cost/saving saving cost/saving
HEALTH ALCOHOL HE1.0 Alcohol misuse - estimated annual cost to the NHS of Per person per year NHS Clinical £ 1,800 2009/10 £ 2,015
alcohol dependency, per year per dependent drinker Commissioning
Group
HEALTH DRUGS HE2.0 Drugs misuse - average annual savings resulting from Per year Criminal Justice NHS £ 3,614 2013/14 £ 3,727 £ 8,954
reductions in drug-related offending and health and System
social care costs as a result of delivery of a structured,
effective treatment programme
HEALTH AMBULANCE HE3.0 Ambulance services - average cost of call out, per Per incident NHS Clinical £ 216 2013/14 £ 223
incident Commissioning
Group
HEALTH HOSPITAL HE4.0 A&E attendance (all scenarios) Per incident NHS Clinical £ 109 2011/12 £ 117
Commissioning
Group
HEALTH HOSPITAL HE5.0 A&E attendance - no investigation and no significant Per incident NHS Clinical £ 64 2011/12 £ 68
treatment Commissioning
Group
HEALTH HOSPITAL HE6.0 A&E attendance - investigation with subsequent Per incident NHS Clinical £ 125 2011/12 £ 134
treatment Commissioning
Group
HEALTH HOSPITAL HE7.0 Hospital inpatients - average cost per episode (elective Per episode NHS Clinical £ 1,807 2013/14 £ 1,863
and non-elective admissions) Commissioning
Group
HEALTH HOSPITAL HE8.0 Hospital outpatients - average cost per outpatient Per admission NHS Clinical £ 111 2013/14 £ 114
attendance Commissioning
Group
HEALTH HOSPITAL HE9.0 Hospital day cases - average cost per episode Per episode NHS Clinical £ 698 2013/14 £ 720
Commissioning
Group
HEALTH HOSPITAL HE10.0 Nurse team manager, hospital-based - cost per hour Per hour NHS Clinical £ 51 2013/14 £ 53
(excluding qualification costs) Commissioning
Group
HEALTH MENTAL HEALTH HE11.0 Average cost of service provision for adults suffering Per person per year NHS Local authority £ 830 2007/08 £ 977 £ 3,841
from depression and/or anxiety disorders, per person
per year - fiscal and economic costs
HEALTH MENTAL HEALTH HE12.0 Average cost of service provision for children/ Per person per year NHS Clinical £ 230 2007/08 £ 271
adolescents suffering from mental health disorders, per Commissioning
person per year - total fiscal cost (to the NHS) Group
HEALTH MENTAL HEALTH HE13.0 Average cost of service provision for people suffering Per person per year Local Authority NHS £ 1,866 2007/08 £ 2,197 £ 3,755
from mental health disorders, per person per year,
including dementia (all ages, including children,
adolescents and adults) - fiscal and economic costs
HEALTH MENTAL HEALTH HE14.0 Mental health inpatients, specialist services, hospital Per bed day NHS Clinical £ 429 2011/12 £ 459
attendance - average cost per bed day, all patients Commissioning
(adults, children and adolescents) Group
HEALTH MENTAL HEALTH HE15.0 Mental health outpatients, hospital attendance - average Per attendance NHS Clinical £ 140 2011/12 £ 150
cost per attendance Commissioning
Group
HEALTH MENTAL HEALTH HE16.0 Mental health community provision - average cost per Per attendance NHS Clinical £ 156 2011/12 £ 167
contact Commissioning
Group
HEALTH MENTAL HEALTH HE17.0 Local authority care home for people with mental health Per week Local Authority Social Services £ 1,038 2013/14 £ 1,070
problems - average cost per week
HEALTH MENTAL HEALTH HE18.0 Local authority social services day care for people with Per attendance Local Authority Social Services £ 35 2013/14 £ 36
mental health problems - average cost per client
attendance
HEALTH THERAPY HE19.0 Counselling services in primary medical care, cost per Per hour NHS Clinical £ 50 2013/14 £ 52
hour Commissioning
Group
HEALTH GP / NURSE HE20.0 GP - cost per hour, General Medical Services activity Per hour NHS GP £ 121 2013/14 £ 125
HEALTH GP / NURSE HE21.0 GP - prescription costs per consultation Per consultation NHS GP £ 41 2013/14 £ 42
HEALTH GP / NURSE HE22.0 Nurse, GP practice - cost per hour Per hour NHS Clinical £ 34 2013/14 £ 35
Commissioning
Group
HEALTH COMMUNITY HE23.0 Community nurse (district nursing sister, district nurse) Per hour NHS Clinical £ 43 2013/14 £ 44
HEALTH - cost per hour Commissioning
PROVISION Group
HEALTH TELEHEALTH HE24.0 Average annual cost of telehealth provision per Per person NHS Clinical £ 1,844 2009/10 £ 2,064
participant Commissioning
Group
HEALTH TELECARE HE25.0 Average annual cost of telecare provision per Per person Local Authority Social Services £ 792 2009/10 £ 887
participant
RAG
Original source
Updated cost/ Estimated Updated cost/ assessment
Year Year
saving cost/saving saving
£ 1,398 2009/10 £ 1,565 Alcohol Use Disorders: diagnosis, assessment and management of harmful
A drinking and alcohol dependence (NICE Clinical Practice Guidance 115), p.408
2013/14 £ 9,234 £ 3,814 2013/14 £ 3,933 Estimating the crime reduction benefits of drug treatment and recovery (National
A Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse, 2012), p.11; and Drug Treatment Outcomes Research
Reference Cost Collection: National Schedule of Reference Costs - Year G

2013-14 - weighted average of currency codes ASS01 and ASS02 ('AMB' worksheet)
National Schedule of Reference Costs 2011-12 for NHS trusts and NHS foundation
G trusts (weighted average of values against HRG codes VB01Z to VB11Z)
G trusts (HRG code VB11Z)
G trusts (weighted average of values across HRG codes VB01Z to VB10Z)

2013-14 - NHS trusts and NHS foundation trusts. Weighted average of all elective inpatient, non-electi

2013-14. Weighted average of all costs in 'Total Outpatient Attendances' worksheet

2013-14 - weighted average of all day cases HRG data ('DC' worksheet)
Unit Costs of Health & Social Care 2014 (Curtis, 2014), p.245 G
RAG
Original source
Year Year
2007/08 £ 4,522 Paying the Price: the cost of mental health care in England to 2026 (King's
A Fund, 2008), p.118
Paying the Price: the cost of mental health care in England to 2026 (King's
A Fund, 2008), p.118 and 104-109
2007/08 £ 4,420 Paying the Price: the cost of mental health care in England to 2026 (King's
A Fund, 2008), p.118, 25, 40, 59, 74, 96, 104-109 and 114
G trusts ('MHIPSS' worksheet, currency codes MHIPA1-2, MHIPC2-3, MHIPEDA, MHIPEDC, M
G trusts ('MHOPATT_MHOP' worksheet, currency codes MHOP01-MHOP09)
G trusts ('MHCOMM' worksheet, currency codes MHCOM01-MHCOM09)
RAG
Original source
Year Year
Unit Costs of Health & Social Care 2013 (Curtis, 2013), p.29 A
Unit Costs of Health & Social Care 2013 (Curtis, 2013), p.29 A
v.1.4 revisions
Comment
New /
Changes made
update
This includes the cost of hospital inpatient and day visits, outpatient visits, A&E and ambulance visits, primary Update Social value differentiated in
care consultations and prescribed medications. The cost is derived from data on higher risk drinkers, defined separate column, and
in the source as men who consume 50 or more drinks per week and women who consume 35 or more drinks comments cell revised
per week. The source also uses this cost as the annual cost of a relapse during treatment. Note that no
detail is given in the source on the constituent costs that make up the overall figure, hence the amber flag.
This is a composite measure derived from the three constituent costs detailed below, which comprise savings Update Economic and social costs
The
fromsocial
reduced value relates to offending
drug-related the health/well-being
by people inimpacts receipt to of an individual
effective entering
treatment, treatment.
flowing to theThis is sourced
criminal justice differentiated in separate
from an analysis of brief interventions delivered in GP surgeries,
system, victim services and the NHS (the latter referring to the reduced physical harm perpetrated on victims which found that they led to an additional column, and comments cell
0.0233
due to fewer Quality Adjusted and
robberies), Life Years
savings (QALYs)
from reducedper person; demand a value of £60,000
for health per QALY
and social care (2009
services prices)
by the has been
client revised. Fiscal value
used
receivingto monetise
treatment the benefit.
- see belowNote thatconstituent
for the we have not been
costs able
that make to source
up the atotal
robust value cost
headline for the economic
quoted here. uprated to 2013-14 prices to
impact
More associated
detail howwith
onbeen the addressing
cost is fromderived alcohol misuse ((e.g. savingscells fromfor alcohol purchase; cost enhanced earnings).
This cost has calculated theisNHS given in the
Reference comments
Costs 2013-14, the represents
and constituent lines, which
the average also
cost per Update give a consistent
Updated base
to 2013-14 value.
detail related economic and social costs noted in the source material.
call-out for ambulance services where the patient is seen, treated accordingly, and either referred or conveyed Note that an updated cost at 2013-14 across both sources
Restructured and and
prices
to hospitalis given here, as
(Currency the monetisation
codes ASS01 and ASS02). year for the twobeen
It has sourcesderived is different
from the: the 2012 National
weighted averageTreatment
of the two with the social value
renumbered. New 'Outcome
Agency (NTA) publication, 'Estimating the crime reduction
'See ...' cost lines given in the 'AMB' worksheet in the source database - the individual costs benefits of drug treatment and recovery'
are given quotes
below detail' heading
2010-11
as subsidiary prices; the HomeOther
measures. Office's 2009 Drug
subsidiary Treatment
measures Outcomes
provide costs for Research
999 calls Study (DTORS) quotes
to ambulance services2006-07
prices.
without The age
further of theand
action, second999 source
calls to explains
ambulance theservices
amber flag where allocated to the
treatment data or
advice (note
onwardthat this costisis likely
referral
This
to be cost
updated is sourced
on from NHS
publication of Reference
forthcoming Costs
health 2011-12
research (an updated
that is cost isto
intended not available
accompany from
the the 2013
2012 NTA (Updated cost not available
provided
Reference over
Coststhepublication),
telephone, but andanisambulance
a weightedisaverage not sentcost out.forAcross all these measures,
A&E attendance (using values the weighted
from HRG from the 2013-14 Reference
Crime
average Reduction report).
for calls to ambulance
codes VB01Z-VB11Z), coveringservices
all attendancesis £99 (2013-14
includingprices;
scenarios derived bothfrom
where currency codes ASS01,
investigation and treatmentASS02, Costs publication).
ASC1
are and ASH1).
received, and where they are not received (see related headline measures below for unit costs for each of Renumbered
The economic value relates to the annual cost saving due to not buying drugs. The social value is based
these scenarios). The unit cost varies by type of A&E setting
upon the reduced health/well-being impact of drug abuse. These values are sourced from the DTORS as follows: A&E attendance at an NHS
foundation
research,
This cost is trust or NHS
referenced
particularly trust
asuseful hospital:
the source
when for admission
the cost line
undertaking £157, non-admission
HE2.0.3.
modelling The social
or business £108;
valueA&E
planning minor reducing
isaround
calculated injuryfrom units:
DTORS data (Updated cost not available
admission £74;
that suggests that drug A&E
unnecessary/avoidable non-admission treatment £60; A&E
leads to The
attendance. walk-in
an extra centres:
data 0.05 admission
Quality-Adjusted
are sourced and
from NHSLife non-admission,
Years (QALYs)
Reference both
Costs 2011-12 £42;
compared non-24
(HRGto no from the 2013-14 Reference
hour
drug A&E/Casualty
treatment; this departments,
is monetised admission
by applying £100,
a valuenon-admission
of £60,000
code VB11Z; an updated cost is not available from the 2013 Reference Costs publication), and represent £53).
per QALYSubsidiary
(2009 costs
prices). (see
Note below)
that have
the an Costs publication).
been
economic
average calculated
andfor
cost across
social
A&Evalues all settings
attendance quoted for
when forA&EHE2.0.1attendance
patients and
receive that
HE2.0.2 (a)areleads
sourced
no investigation to hospital
from
and notheadmission,
NTA report,
significant andand (b) do
treatment doesnotnot a
across Renumbered
lead
relatetoto
range ofadmission
the DTORS
settings. (see
The below)
values
unit used
cost [all costs
for
varies this
byinheadline
this cell
type of A&Eare setting
cost. quoted as at 2011-12
follows: A&E prices].
attendance with no investigation
and
This cost is sourced from the NHS Reference Costs 2011-12 (an updated costadmission
no significant treatment at an NHS foundation trust or NHS trust hospital: is not available £94, non-admission
from the 2013 (Updated cost not available
£71; A&E minor injury units: admission £49; non-admission
Reference Costs publication), and is a weighted average of A&E attendances when patients receive £51; A&E walk-in centres: admission £42,some
non- from the 2013-14 Reference
admission £38; non-24 hour A&E/Casualty departments, admission
form of (significant) investigation and subsequent treatment (note that it assumes A&E attendance for dental £99, non-admission £38. Subsidiary Costs publication).
costs have been
care involves calculated
treatment) for A&E attendance
- it averages specific costs withfor nodifferent
investigation and noofsignificant
categories investigation treatment that (a)
and different Renumbered
leads to hospital admission, and (b) does not lead to admission (see
categories of treatment, with individual unit costs ranging from £296 per incident for a Category 3 investigation below). Note that the related 2011-12
NHS
with tariff
Category for A&E attendance
4 treatment, with
to £88 no investigation and no significant treatment is lower, at £52 per incident
This
(see cost has been calculated fromfor the a Category
NHS Reference 1 investigation
Costs 2013-14,
http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_125398.xls)
with Category 1-2 treatment
and represents and £83
the average for A&E
cost per Update Updated to 2013-14 value.
dental
'finished care (the
consultant HRG codes
episode' used
(FCE) for
- the
an FCEweighted
(or average
hospital are
episode) VB01Z-VB10Z).
is a period of As
admittedwith the related
patient care A&E
under a Renumbered
[all costs costs,
headline in this specific
cell are quoted at 2011-12 prices]. types of A&E setting - weighted averages for A&E
single consultant, withincostsa single vary across different
healthcare provider. It has been derived from the average costs for elective
attendance for any form
inpatient, non-elective of investigation
(long and subsequent
stay) and non-elective treatment
(short-stay) episodes,have been calculated
the costs for which as follows:
are providedA&E at in
an NHS foundation
the subsidiary measures below. trust or NHS trust: £165 if admitted, £121 if not; A&E minor injury units: £75 if admitted,
£69 if not; A&E walk-in centres: £35 if admitted, £46 if not; non-24 hour A&E/Casualty departments: £103 if
This cost has
admitted, £68 been
if not.calculated
Subsidiary from
costs thehaveNHSbeen Reference Costs
calculated for2013-14, and represents
A&E attendance, the weighted
any investigation average
with Update Updated to 2013-14 value.
cost per hospital outpatient attendance It has been derived from
subsequent treatment that (a) leads to hospital admission, and (b) does not lead to admission (see below). the average costs across all service codes Restructured and
detailed in the source 'Total Outpatient Attendances' worksheet. renumbered
This cost has been calculated from the NHS Reference Costs 2013-14, and represents the average cost per Update Updated to 2013-14 value.
'finished consultant episode' (FCE) for hospital day cases - an FCE (or hospital episode) is a period of Renumbered
admitted patient care under a single consultant, within a single healthcare provider. It has been derived from
the average day case costs given in the source 'DC' worksheet.
This cost represents the labour cost per contract hour for an hospital-based Nurse team manager - this Update Costs updated to values in
includes roles such as ward managers, sisters and clinical managers. The source also gives data including PSSRU 2014 publication.
qualification costs, at £58 per hour. Related costs are given per hour of patient contact, at £124 per hour, or Renumbered
£140 including qualification costs (all costs are quoted at 2013-14 prices). The costs are derived from salary
costs (including on-costs such as national insurance and pension contributions), plus an element to account
for a proportion of overheads (management, admin, travel, telephone, supplies and services, utilities) and
capital costs. The source also provides London and non-London multipliers (see p.245 for details).
v.1.4 revisions
Comment
New /
Changes made
update
This is the average annual fiscal cost of service provision per adult suffering from depression and anxiety Update Economic costs
disorders. In addition, the economic value quoted is related to lost earnings; other social costs (e.g. from differentiated in separate
reduced well-being) are not monetised in the King's Fund report. The fiscal cost includes the following service column, and comments cell
areas: prescribed drugs; inpatient care; GP costs; other NHS services; supported accommodation; and social revised. Renumbered
services costs. As shown in the constituent measures below, the cost falls predominantly to the NHS (92%),
followed
This is thebyaverage
the localannual
authority
cost(8%). An amber
of service flag has
provision been applied, in recognition
for children/adolescents aged 5-15 of the age offrom
suffering the data
mental Renumbered
(2007-08).
health disorders (including hyperkinetic disorders, conduct disorders and emotional disorders; excluding with
Note that the source quotes research that found that around one third of working age adults
depression and half of those withNote
learning difficulties/disabilities). an anxiety disorder are
that it represents notthe
only in contact
fiscal cost with toservices (i.e. not (no
public agencies accessing
wider
provision
economic costs relating to lost earnings are detailed in the source, given the age of the cohort).allThere
or diagnosed by a GP with a mental health condition) - this cost is an average across adults
will
suffering from depression
also be associated and/or(e.g.
social costs anxiety
fromdisorders, regardless of
reduced well-being); whether
these are notthey are in contact
monetised in thewith services
King's Fund or
not. The
report. Allsource
(100%) also provides
ofannual
the fiscal costsquoted
cost for a range
falls toofthe
other
NHS,adult mental health
comprising conditions,
the following areas:including dementia,
This
and is the
for average
child and adolescent fiscal cost of- service
disorders these areprovision
outlined per
in person
the suffering
subsidiary andfrom any
constituenttypeprescribed
of mental
costs
drugs; Update
health
detailed Economic costs
inpatient
disorder, care; GP
includingfrom contacts;
dementia A&E visits;
- it is (Mentaland
the average outpatient
across attendances.
all ageandgroups, An amber
including flag has been applied, in
below. Research
recognition elsewhere
of the agechildren
of the data (2007-08). Health Promotion Mental Illness children,
Prevention: adolescents
the economicand differentiated in separate
adults
case, Knapp et al, 2011) suggests that the cost (to employers) of work-based screening for depression andlost
(but excluding under five years of age). In addition, the economic value quoted comprises column, and comments cell
earnings (£3,019 per
anxiety disorders is £31person on average,
per employee at 2007-08
(2009-10 prices)
prices), and costs
comprising falling to of
completion informal carersquestionnaire,
a screening (an estimated revised. Renumbered
£736 per person);
follow-up assessment other tosocial
confirm costs (e.g. fromand
depression, reduced well-being) are
care management not monetised
costs; subsequentindelivery
the King's Fund
of six
report.
sessions
This As shown
is theofaverage in
face-to-facethe constituent
cost perCBToccupied measures
can costbed some day below,
£240
for aper the cost
course.
mental comprises
healthThespecialist fiscal costs
relativelyservices to the
low costinpatient local authority
of such interventions,
attendance by Update (Updated cost not available
(56%),
compared
all NHS
patients (43%)
to(adults, and criminal
the potential
children savings justice system It(1%).
demonstrated
and adolescents). in theAn
is taken amber
data
fromquoted
the flag hasReference
here,
NHS been applied,
demonstrate Costs in 2011-12,
theirrecognition
cost- using of the
the from the 2013-14 Reference
age of the
effectiveness.
weighted data (2007-08). The high cost of service
average of data included on the 'MHIPSS' worksheet. provision for people suffering from dementia, allied with Costs publication). 'Cost /
high prevalence of the condition, has a significant impact on the average figure quoted here - see the related saving detail' description
subsidiary and constituent cost lines for average costs excluding dementia. and 'Comment' cell revised
This is the average cost per occupied bed day for a mental health outpatients attendance - it incorporates to refer to cost
(Updated all patients, not
not available
costs for adults, children and adolescents (separate values on specific sub-categories are available from the just adults. Renumbered
from the 2013-14 Reference
source). It is taken from the NHS Reference Costs 2011-12, using the weighted average of data included on Costs publication).
the 'MHOPATT_MHOP' worksheet. Renumbered
This is the average cost per contact of community-based provision for mental health patients - it incorporates (Updated cost not available
costs for adults, children and adolescents (separate values on specific sub-categories are available from the from the 2013-14 Reference
source). It is taken from the NHS Reference Costs 2011-12, using the weighted average of data included on Costs publication).
the 'MHCOMM' worksheet. Renumbered
This is the average cost per resident week in a local authority-run care home for people with mental health Update Costs updated to values in
problems. Note that this cost is for patients who are fully paid for by the local authority, whereas some PSSRU 2014 publication.
patients may be fully or partly self-funding (in which case the fiscal cost should be reduced and the individual's Renumbered
contribution accounted for as an economic cost), and others part-funded under joint local authority-NHS
arrangements. The cost is derived from care and capital costs; the median cost of care alone, excluding
capital, is £941
This is the per resident
average cost per week.
sessionInforaddition,
people the
withsource
mentalquotes
health aproblems
weekly cost including
using personal
local authority living
social Update Costs updated to values in
expenses (the DWP personal allowance for people in residential care or a nursing home) of £1,062
services day care. Note that this cost is for patients who are fully paid for by the local authority, whereas per PSSRU 2014 publication.
resident week (all
some patients mayprices quoted
be fully in this
or partly cell are 2013-14).
self-funding A London
(in which case multiplier
the fiscal is also be
cost should given (see p.46).
reduced and the Renumbered
individual's contribution accounted for as an economic cost), and others part-funded under joint local
authority-NHS arrangements. The cost is derived from day care and capital costs (excluding capital costs, the
median cost
This is the per attendance
average cost per houris £29,
forand the meanand
counselling cost £22). The source
psychotherapy quotes
and other the median
'talking and mean
therapies', costby Update
delivered Costs updated to values in
per
trained practitioners who work with people over the short or long term to help them bring about effective and
client week as £105, including capital costs. In addition, it details related costs per client hour (£8.60) PSSRU 2014 publication.
per clientorsession
change enhance lasting 3.5 hours (£30)
their wellbeing. (all costs
The Unit Costsinofthis cell are
Health quoted
& Social at 2013-14
Care prices). London
2013 publication gives related Renumbered. New
multipliers
costs per hourare also given
of client (see p.48).
contact The per
(£63) and source commentary
consultation (£58)details
(both an assumption
quoted that prices).
at 2012-13 clients attend day
The costs 'Outcome detail' heading
care
are derived from salary costs (including on-costs such as national insurance and pension contributions),aplus
for an average three sessions per week, which is the number of sessions recommended as part of total
recovery
an programme.
Thiselement to account
is the average costforfora aproportion of overheads
GP per hour of General(management,
Medical Services admin,
(GMS)travel, telephone,
activity; supplies
it includes costsand Update Costs updated to values in
services, utilities) and capital costs.
relating to direct care staff (practice nurses). The source quotes the same cost including qualification costs, at PSSRU 2014 publication.
£146 per hour (all costs quoted in this cell are given at 2013-14 prices). Related costs are given per hour of Renumbered
patient contact (£195, or £234 including qualification costs), and per minute of patient contact (£3.30, or £3.90
including qualification costs. Data are also given excluding direct care staff costs: the average cost for a GP
per hour of GMS activity becomes £109 (£134 including qualification costs), per hour of patient contact £175
(£266 including qualification costs, although it seems likely that this value is erroneous), and per minute of
patient contact £2.90 (£3.60 including qualification costs). The costs are derived from practice salary costs,
including administrative and clerical staff (and including on-costs such as national insurance and pension
contributions), premises costs and business overheads, and training and capital costs. All costs are clearly
presented in a summary table on p.195 of the source document, with related data and commentary on pp.194
and 196.
v.1.4 revisions
Comment
New /
Changes made
update
This is the average cost per GP consultation of prescriptions issued; it represents the actual cost of the Update Costs updated to values in
prescription, which is the net ingredient cost less the assumed average discount plus the container allowance PSSRU 2014 publication.
and on-cost for appliance contractors. The source also quotes the net ingredient cost of prescriptions alone Renumbered
(i.e. excluding discount, container allowance and on-costs for appliance contractors), at an average £44 per
consultation (2013-14 prices). Note the average costs are derived by dividing the number of prescriptions by
the
Thisnumber of GP consultations,
is the average cost per hoursoforwill include
a nurse consultations
based where prescriptions
in a GP practice; were not issued.
including qualification costs, it All costs Update
becomes Costs updated to values in
are clearly presented in a summary table on p.195 of the source document, with related data and commentary
£41 per hour (all costs quoted in this cell are given at 2013-14 prices). Related costs are given per hour of PSSRU 2014 publication.
on pp.194 and
face-to-face 196. at £44, or £53 including qualification costs. The costs are derived from salary costs
contact, Renumbered
(including on-costs such as national insurance and pension contributions), plus an element to account for a
proportion of overheads (e.g. management, admin, travel, telephone, supplies and services, utilities) and
capital costs.
This is the The source
average also
cost per provides
hour a London multiplier
for a community-based (see(including
nurse p.192 fordistrict
details).
nursing sisters and district Update Costs updated to values in
nurses); including qualification costs, it becomes £50 per hour (all costs quoted in this cell are given at 2013- PSSRU 2014 publication.
14 prices). Related data are given for the cost per hour of patient-related work, at £57, or £66 including Renumbered
qualification costs. The source also quotes an average cost per face-to-face contact with district nursing
services, at £39. The costs are derived from salary costs (including on-costs such as national insurance and
pension contributions),
This is the average annualpluscost
an element to account
per participant of a for a proportion
telehealth of overheads
intervention. (e.g. management,
It is derived admin,
from a research study (Updated cost not available
travel, telephone, supplies and services, utilities) and capital costs. The source also provides
into national Whole System Demonstrator pilots, and is based on a range of different types of telehealth London and from the Unit Costs of
non-London
intervention. multipliers
Constituent(see p.187forfor
entries details). The
equipment and Unit Costs
support of Health
costs & Social
are given below.Care
The2013 publication
source notes thatgives Health & Social Care 2014
an
dataadditional cost per
were collected hour
from of home
only visiting
three sites, so(including
the extenttravel time),
to which theatcosts
£60, or
can£70
be including qualification
generalised costs.
beyond these publication). Renumbered
sites should be considered - for this reason, an amber flag has been allocated.
This is the average annual cost per participant of a telecare intervention. It is derived from a research study (Updated cost not available
into national Whole System Demonstrator pilots, and is based on a range of different types of telecare from the Unit Costs of
intervention. Constituent entries for equipment and support costs are given below. The source notes that Health & Social Care 2014
data were collected from only three sites, so the extent to which the costs can be generalised beyond these publication). Renumbered
sites should be considered - for this reason, an amber flag has been allocated.
HOUSING EVICTION HO1.0 Average fiscal cost of a complex eviction Per incident Local authority RSL £ 6,680 2010/11 £ 7,276
HOUSING EVICTION HO2.0 Average fiscal cost of a simple repossession Per incident Local authority RSL £ 690 2010/11 £ 752
HOUSING HOMELESSNESS HO3.0 Homelessness application - average one-off and on- Per application Local authority RSL £ 2,501 2010/11 £ 2,724
going costs associated with statutory homelessness
HOUSING HOMELESSNESS HO4.0 Temporary accommodation - average weekly cost of Per week Local authority £ 107 2010/11 £ 117
housing a homeless household in hostel
accommodation
HOUSING HOMELESSNESS HO5.0 Homelessness advice and support - cost of a Per scheme Local authority £ 642 2010/11 £ 699
homelessness prevention or housing options scheme
that leads to successful prevention of homelessness
HOUSING HOMELESSNESS HO6.0 Rough sleepers - average annual local authority Per year Local authority £ 7,900 2010/11 £ 8,605
expenditure per individual
HOUSING BENEFITS HO7.0 Housing Benefit - average weekly award, across all Per week DWP Local authority £ 93 2014/15 £ 94
tenure types
HOUSING BENEFITS HO8.0 Housing Benefit - average cost of processing a Housing Per application Local authority DWP £ 48 2010/11 £ 52
Benefit/Local Housing Allowance application
RAG
Original source
Year Year
Research briefing: Immediate costs to government of loss of home (Shelter, 2012), p.6
A
A
A
A
A
Evidence review of the costs of homelessness (DCLG, 2012), pp.14-15
A
Housing Benefit caseload statistics: data to November 2014, Table 5 (DWP, 2014)
G
A
v.1.4 revisions
Comment
New /
Changes made
update
This is a scenario-based cost for complex eviction, and includes the on-going cost of providing temporary
accommodation in the private rented sector whilst the homelessness application was progressing; in this
scenario, the cost is based upon two weeks of temporary accommodation. Note that costs following on from a
successful homelessness application are not included - in such instances, there may be additional costs
relating to extended stay in temporary accommodation and a new letting being made (see related costs in this
section). The source focuses on the fiscal costs resulting directly from the loss of a home and the immediate
period leading up to this point. Indirect costs that may accrue to the state in the future are not included, such
Note that this healthcare
as increased is the fiscalcosts.cost ofItaissimpleworth repossession
noting that these as farwillas bemaking
fiscal costsa Local Housing
if they relateAllowance
to evictions (LHA)
from
application;
local authority housing stock; however, if the stock belongs to a housing association or other Registered the
if this application is successful, ongoing LHA payments could be factored in. However, note
potential
Provider, for thedouble-counting
costs that fall to with that wider benefit are
organisation payments,
likely toifbe other outcomes
economic arethan
rather modelled for the
fiscal (i.e. theysame
do not fall
individual
directly to (e.g. the publicthe first order Wider
purse). fiscal benefit
economic from andreduced
social benefit
costs are payments
excluded as- ae.g.
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rough sleepers. relating
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the source report, which comments on derivation of the data and concludes that they should be considered
'illustrative'.
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cost of Housing withBenefit
rough across
sleepers all should
types of betenure.
distinguished
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with statutory homelessness - the latter incurs costs to local
on a monthly basis (quoted figures are for November 2014). The source also provides average weekly authorities who have a duty to secure weekly award values as at
accommodation
awards by age group, for people
gender or families
and family who are(see
type unintentionally
Table 9B). homeless The most or who fall variable
significant into a priority need
is family type: the November 2014
category;
average weekly there can award be for
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singlecosts person directly
with relating
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children although the
in November 2014 indirect
(all ages,costsmale and
associated
female) waswith £87;the forconsequences
a single person of with
rough sleeping
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it wasand £104; mental
for a health
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with no dependent
misuse,
children crime)
it was can be significant.
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average of aresponses
couple with from dependent childrenconsultation
a local authority it was £108.exercise undertaken by Shelter in
2011. An amber flag has been allocated to reflect local level variation, and the significant methodological and
data issues associated with deriving unit costs relating to housing.
SOCIAL LOOKED AFTER SS1.0 Child taken into care - average fiscal cost across Per year Local Authority Social Services £ 51,080 2013/14 £ 52,676
SERVICES CHILDREN different types of care setting, England, per year
SOCIAL LOOKED AFTER SS2.0 Child into local authority foster care: overall cost (cost Per week Local Authority Social Services £ 700 2013/14 £ 722
SERVICES CHILDREN per week)
SOCIAL LOOKED AFTER SS3.0 Local authority residential care home for children - cost Per week Local Authority Social Services £ 2,995 2013/14 £ 3,089
SERVICES CHILDREN per week
SOCIAL CHILD SS4.0 Average cost of child protection core assessment Each Local Authority Social services £ 900 2004/05 £ 1,151
SERVICES PROTECTION (overall)
SOCIAL CHILDREN IN SS5.0 Children in Need - average total cost of case Per process Local Authority Social Services £ 1,416 2008/09 £ 1,626
SERVICES NEED management processes over a six month period
(standard cost)
SOCIAL ASSESSMENT SS6.0 Common Assessment Framework: cost per CAF over a Each Local Authority Social Services £ 1,515 2010/11 £ 1,650
SERVICES six month period (overall mean cost)
SOCIAL ADULT SS7.0 Residential care for older people - average gross weekly Per week Local Authority Social Services £ 359 2013/14 £ 370 £ 179
SERVICES RESIDENTIAL / expenditure per person, England
NURSING CARE
SOCIAL ADULT SS8.0 Nursing care for older people - average gross weekly Per week Local Authority NHS £ 466 2013/14 £ 480 £ 178
SERVICES RESIDENTIAL / expenditure per person
NURSING CARE
SOCIAL INTERMEDIATE SS9.0 Intermediate care based in residential home - average Per day NHS Local authority £ 136 2012/13 £ 143
SERVICES CARE cost per bed day per person
SOCIAL REABLEMENT SS10.0 Reablement Service - average cost per service user Per user Local Authority NHS £ 2,046 2012/13 £ 2,155
SERVICES
SOCIAL HOME / SS11.0 Average gross weekly cost of home care packages for Per week Local Authority Social Services £ 129 2013/14 £ 133 £ 64
SERVICES COMMUNITY older people, England
CARE
SOCIAL HOME / SS12.0 Average gross weekly cost of day care or day services Per week Local Authority Social Services £ 92 2013/14 £ 95 £ 46
SERVICES COMMUNITY for older people, England
CARE
SOCIAL ADULTS WITH SS13.0 Average gross weekly expenditure on supporting adults Per week Local authority Social Services £ 1,340 2013/14 £ 1,382
SERVICES LEARNING with a learning disability in residential care, England
DISABILITIES
SOCIAL ADULTS WITH SS14.0 Average gross weekly expenditure on supporting adults Per week Local authority Social Services £ 892 2013/14 £ 920
SERVICES PHYSICAL with a physical disability in residential care, England
DISABILITIES
SOCIAL PROGRAMMES SS15.0 Parenting Programme - median cost of delivering a Per participant Multiple Multiple £ 952 2008/09 £ 1,093
SERVICES group-based parenting programme (per participant)
SOCIAL PROGRAMMES SS16.0 Total fiscal and economic savings from the delivery of Per child over a ten Criminal Justice NHS £ 3,206 2009/10 £ 3,589 £ 6,958
SERVICES school-based emotional learning programmes, per child year period System
over a 10 year period
SOCIAL PROGRAMMES SS17.0 Multi-Systemic Therapy (MST) - cost per therapy session Per session Local Authority Social Services £ 119 2013/14 £ 123
SERVICES
SOCIAL LABOUR COSTS SS18.0 Social worker - adult services: cost per hour, with Per hour Local Authority Social Services £ 57 2013/14 £ 59
SERVICES PER HOUR qualification costs
RAG
Original source
Year Year
DfE Section 251 data on LAC cost and 903 return data on number of LACA
The Assessment Framework: A Structured Approach to Assessing Family ACapacities and Children’s Needs - research summary (Cleaver et al, 2004)
Extension of the cost calculator to include cost calculations for all childrenGin need (DfE, 2010), p.8
Exploration of the costs and impact of the Common Assessment Framework

G (DfE, 2012)
2013/14 £ 185 Personal Social Services: Expenditure and Unit Costs, England - 2013-14,
A Final Release: Unit Costs by CASSR
A Final Release: Unit Costs by CASS; and What is NHS-funded nursing care? (NHS website, 2013)
National Audit of Intermediate Care, 2012, p.31 G
RAG
Original source
Year Year
Personal Social Services: Expenditure and Unit Costs, England - 2013-14,

Personal Social Services: Expenditure and Unit Costs, England - 2013-14,

Costs and longer-term savings of parenting programmes for the prevention

G of persistent conduct disorder: a modelling study (Bonin et al, 2011), p.5
2008/09 £ 7,990 Mental Health Promotion and Mental Illness Prevention: the economic case
G (Knapp et al, 2011), p.9-10
v.1.4 revisions
Comment
New /
Changes made
update
This headline cost for looked after children (LAC) should only be used in the absence of more specific data on Update Fiscal value updated using
the type of placement provided to individual children. If such data are available, we advise using the more 2013/14 source data and
specific costs provided for foster care and residential care homes (see entries SS2.0, SS3.0, or variants methodology revised. Social
provided in the underlying cost lines SS2.0.1 - SS2.9 and SS3.1). value excluded, and
comments cell revised
The cost is derived
Constituent costs are from Department
detailed below. for Note Education
that costs (DfE) relatedSection to other251 outturn
servicesdata on net current
for fostered children expenditure
(including Update Updated with values from
on LAC in England in 2013/14, and DfE 903 return
health, education, law and order) are not included - the 2011 edition of the source document (p.76) quotesdata on the number of LAC in England in March 2014; the an PSSRU 2014 publication
Section 251 data were divided by the 903 return number
average value for these services at £65 per child per week (2013-14 prices). The source indicates that to calculate a national average unit cost per LAC.a
The
London Section 251 data
multiplier of 1.72 encompasses
can be applied the following
to the 'boarding areas of out LAC expenditure:
allowances and residential
administration' care;elementfostering of the
services;
quoted (Out adoption
of London) services; cost special
- see the guardianship
first constituent support; entryother (SS2.0.1). children looked after services; short breaks
(respite) for looked after disabled children; children placed with family and friends; education of LAC; leaving
This
care is the average
support services; cost and perasylumresident per week
seeker servicesof local authorityThe
- children. care home was
method provision chosen foroverchildren. other The types figure
of Update Updated with values from
quoted here is the total care package cost per resident
calculation and sources of potential headline data, as it considers expenditure across a range of placement week; it is derived from: capital costs (buildings, land) PSSRU 2014 publication
at £163and
types, perprovides
resident an week; average total expenditure
across all English excluding localcapitalauthorities. (e.g. including
In practice, workforce
as demonstratedcosts) at £2,831 by some perof
resident
the subsidiary week (all costs at below
13-14 (many prices).ofNote whichthat arethe basedcoston of particular
external services scenarios is notthatincluded
outline LAC in this with version
varying of the
source
degrees- the Unit Costs
of need), expenditure of Health on&LAC Social variesCare 2011depending
widely publicationon gives
the a cost for
needs of the external
child and services the local (including
context
health
This services,
(for example,
cost was areas social
developed services,
with high youth
numbers
specifically justice
to of LAC but
capture sector, education
fewer available
assessment sector)
costs foster of
under care £198 per resident
places mayfor
the Framework have week (2010-11
the aAssessment
higher of Update Comment cell slightly
prices;
proportion
Children seeinof p.74
NeedLAC ofand thetheir
provision 2011Familiessource
in residentialdocument
(2000), so for
homes, may a breakdown
which not be areappropriate across these
considerably to more service
recentareas).
expensive than
assessment London
fostering multiplier
processes. revised
data
An are provided
provision).
average This is- quoted,
cost variance for details is but ofthethese
demonstrated report andindicates
how the
when using multipliers
that the
thesame costshould be applied
methodology
of undertaking tocore across
derive the constituent
data
assessments for individual
varied
elements,
localities/areas
considerably seedepending
the
- for2014 example, source
on theunder document,
complexity p.86.
this methodology
of the case the andGreaterwhetherManchester there was one net or average
more children cost perin LACthe is
£43,053
family (2013/14
being assessed. prices). As indicated in the constituent cost lines below, the average cost to social services
was
This £760;
is onethe of aadditional
set of data cost of £140the
covering represented
average cost theoftime Childrenprofessionalsin Need from caseother managementagenciesprocesses spent in for Update Comment cell revised
Note that
communicating we have revised the methodology used
children with varying needs. The estimates come from a study commissioned by the Departmentbeen
with the social worker (both costs in
quotedthe previous
at 2004-05 version of
prices). the An unit
ambercost database,
flag has forwhichapplied
Children,
added
to reflect
Schools inanda proportion
both the age of
Families, of the
the total
finalised data innet
and
2010, cost
theandquoted
potential
drawing in range
the onSectionin values
data from 251four return
away from
local forauthorities
'Safeguarding
the average thatquoted.Children andin the
participated
Young
in-depth part of the work. A bottom-up methodology was used, with activity-level data on keyafter
People's Services', in order to capture wider social work costs associated with looked social children.
care
The current entry excludes these social work costs,
processes collected via focus group discussions, verification questionnaires and event records. The averageand is based solely on the placement cost areas detailed
above.
times for Further
eachbetween work
post holder is plannedforand to
the £2,130estimate/
key case attribute the proportion of 'Safeguarding Children and Young
Costs
People's rangedServices' spend £743 on children taken formanagement
the care,
into six month processes
following time which period, were
this
then derived.
varying
element according
will
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be to
costs
reintroduced. needs of postofForthe
holder
children, time per
theand hour
typedue were
of professional derived from
undertaking data gathered
the CAF from
processes, the local authorities
andanthe recording and include
system salary,
used salary-on
within the
this
costs, reason,
and overhead to
costs the potential
such as local variance described above, amber flag has been allocated. The
local
amber authority.
flag also Costs
reflects are some related topremises,
variance all aspects
in and
management,
associated
localsupport
authority withHRthe andCAF office running the
including: costs.
the CAF
The cost from this
assessment, return.theTo
study
Team relates
Around to
the social
Child care
(TAC) management
or Team Around the Family to approaches
the(TAF) dayapproach
to day to needs
completing
to of a case,
supporting
Section
and not
children
251 additional
and families,
ensure
services full confidence
supplied toLead in
children the robustness
and families of data,
toAaddress it is recommended
theircosting
specific that,
needs. where possible, local areas calculate
and
their own unit costs using children's services data on total expenditure on LAC divided by the number offrom
the role of the Professional (LP). bottom-up methodology was used (data sourced LAC
focus
this
This isgroups,
expenditure
an average surveys
relates
weekly andto. publicly
cost for available information),
residential care for elderly drawing people, on derived
'time use from activity
data data’
on and linking
social services these Update Economic costs
This
to cost represents
salaries and overhead an average costs intotal
order cost for the entire
to calculate case
costs.management
unitResidential process for all Children in Need
expenditure
participating alongside in the sample data on social
used in theservices
researchactivity. study, regardless ofcare
level costs
of need. can vary widely depending
Comparable data for on differentiated in separate
A
thefurther
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individual),
with value
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LAC (this
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was
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database cell), which
development related
process to
£905; Children in Need under six years old, £1,387; Children who have a Child Protection Plan, £1,864; the human
considered and this emotional
to be a harm
reasonable experienced
figure for by an children
average revised. Costs updated to
taken
level
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care.care,
under Assixand
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below, the
have the
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a Child cost value
quoted
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inPlan,
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£3,069; Cost domestic
of Health
Children violence
inand
Need (see
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with Care the Domestic
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Violence
is considerably
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expensive, worksheet).
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indicative have of taken
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care - it has over
been appropriateness
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the constituent in Need given withbelow, emotional for local or behavioural
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expenditure on the Update Economic costs
transferring
database
£3,205 (allboth to LAC,
toelement because
highlight in the invariance
some areinstances
incosts,
values, taking a child into care constituent
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are derived
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subsidiary economic to values,
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applied Users
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Centre (HSCIC) are completed, hence the 'amber' flag Costs
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In addition to the hyperlinked source, see Holmes, L. and McDermid, S. (2012) Understanding costs and care
on datadifferentiating
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(2012-13 prices). The quoted costs are for out-of-London provision; the source does not
specific a London multiplier.
v.1.4 revisions
Comment
New /
Changes made
update
This cost is derived from data on social services expenditure alongside data on social services activity. Note Update Economic costs
that there can be local variance in the way that PSSEx returns made by local authorities (adult social services) differentiated in separate
to the Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) are completed, hence the 'amber' flag for this cost column, and comments cell
line - local authorities can experience difficulty in attributing expenditure to the correct categories (e.g. revised. Costs updated to
differentiating between 'own provision' and 'provision by others', or between nursing and residential care 2013-14 values
placements). Usersfrom
This cost is derived are advised
data on to seekservices
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to which the unit cost given compares with local experience, and are recommended to derive a specific
that there can be local variance in the way that PSSEx returns made by local authorities (adult social services) local differentiated in separate
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More affluent individuals
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pay for some/all of their home
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or between nursing andrepresents an economic
residential care 2013-14 values
cost to the
placements). individual,
Users with
are the
advised fiscal
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seek representing
feedback fromthe domiciliary
local authority care costs
finance paid
personnel for by
to the local
assess authority.
the extent
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As costresidential
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nursingdata on social
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have expenditure
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of home data
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a fiscal activity.
cost fallingNote
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to which
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that experience,
PSSEx returns and
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onand
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this split derived). Centre (HSCIC) are completed, hence the 'amber' flag for this cost
line - local authorities can experience difficulty in attributing expenditure to the correct categories (e.g.
More affluent individuals
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pay for some/all of their day
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and element represents
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to thewhere
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possible.
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split is Care Information Centre (HSCIC) are completed, hence the 'amber' flag for this cost
derived).
line - local authorities can experience difficulty in attributing expenditure to the correct categories (e.g.
differentiating between 'own provision' and 'provision by others', or between nursing and residential care
placements). Users are
This cost is a median advised
value for a to seek feedback
parenting programme fromdelivered
local authority
on anfinance personnel
group rather than to assess the
individual extent
basis. It is
to which the unit cost given compares with local experience, and are recommended
derived from five evidence-based and commonly used programmes that fed into the research, and includes to derive a specific local
cost
staff where possible. (capital, managerial and administrative), materials and additional items such as
costs, overheads
catering and childcare as well as the costs of training and supervision (no breakdown of constituent costs was
available). The range of costs was broad (hence use of the median), varying from £282 to £1,486. A related
cost for individually-based
School-based programme
emotional learning (SEL)delivery is given
programmes arebelow. Theto
designed source comments
help address that some
conduct 80% in
problems of Update Economic costs
parenting programmes can be delivered in a group format, and calculates a weighted median
childhood; such problems lead to significant longer-term costs relating to adverse outcomes such as cost of £1,177 differentiated in separate
per parenting
increased riskprogramme, based fewer
of criminal activity, on 80% groupqualifications,
school and 20% individual provision.
parenthood Note that
at a young age,the 'cost owner' will
unemployment, column, and comments cell
be dependent
divorce on who substance
or separation, is paying for the course,
abuse, and not necessarily
and psychiatric disorders. who
This ismeasure
delivering it.
represents the fiscal revised. Restructured
savings to public sector agencies derived from the delivery of SEL programmes - it is the average saving per (moved from Health theme
child over
This is theacostten per
yearMulti-Systemic
period. The research
Therapyassumes that children
(MST) session, of onereceive
hour in the intervention
duration. aged ten
The source alsoyears
quotesold,a Update to Social
Costs Services)
updated to values in
and start in one of three different conduct ‘health states’: no conduct problems, mild
cost per hour worked (as opposed to face-to-face client contact) for an MST psychologist of £50 (2013-14 conduct problems or PSSRU 2014 publication.
severe
prices).conduct
Costs are problems. The source
derived from data ongives
salarya breakdown
and on-costs of (e.g.
potential savings
national over the
insurance, ten year period,
pensions), overheads Renumbered
providing
(management,the following costs atoffice,
administration, different stages: year 1telephone,
travel/transport, (savings over the first year following
education/training, supplies, delivery of and
utilities), the
SEL programme), £83; year 5 (savings for years 1-5 after programme delivery),
capital overheads (buildings, land). The research involved costing a randomised controlled trial of £2,038; year 10 (savings for
years 1-10
interventions after programme
forper
adolescents delivery), £3,206 (all at 2009-10 prices). The average annual saving over the ten
This
year is the cost
period is £321. hour for anaged
Constituent adult11-17
costs
years at risk
services
for the social
individual
of continuing
worker's
agencies
criminal activity.
time including
are given qualification costs,
in the cost lines calculated
below. As pro- Update Costs updated to values in
rata fromindata
detailed the on mean
source salary
(see the and working
Education hours,
and Skillson-costs
section (national insurance,
of this database), thepensions),
costs of aoverheads
representative PSSRU 2014 publication.
(administration, management,
intervention, including teacher office, training,
training, utilities,
programme general management
coordinator and materialsand support
were services
estimated suchper
as £132 as Renumbered
finance and
child - put HR), capital
alongside theseand qualification
potential costs.
savings, it is The source
evident thatalsosuchgives the cost per
programmes can hour
offer of client-related
good value for work
as £79, with
money, including qualification
the overall costs.point
break-even Theafter
datathearefirst
national averagesthe
year following - multipliers are provided,
intervention, for use in
and the education
calculating average costs for London and out-of-London (see the source document,
sector breaking even after five years. Note that the research did not model wider outcomes such as improved p.206). Related data are
given below for cost per hour without qualification costs. All costs quoted here are
academic performance, or benefits accruing to parents, siblings or other peers. In addition to the fiscal at 2013-14 prices.
benefits, the source quotes wider economic benefits over ten years to non-public sector bodies/individuals as
follows: victim costs (crime), £4,912; other crime costs, £2,038; voluntary sector, £8 (see p.10 of the source
report for details of how these costs are distributed over the ten year period).
Cost Database - Lookups
This worksheet underpins the rest of the database, providing tables listing the categories used for the drop-down
lists, and the data used to uprate historical costs to account for inflation. Note that to obtain uprated costs for the
current year, please ensure that the entry in the (yellow shaded) 'Current year' cell (K11) is correct. If you need to
change this, the same format (e.g. 20xx/yy) should be used. • GDP Lookup Tables are base
2015 (Budget 2015)', released
• GDP Lookup Tables can be
Outcome category Outcome detail Agency making the saving lookup Unit lookup
Current
Year
1989/90
CRIME - Criminal Justice System - Each 2015/16 1990/91
EDUCATION & SKILLS ADAPTATIONS Department for Education Acute Trust / Hospital Face to face contact 1991/92
EMPLOYMENT & ECONOMY ADULTS DWP Adult Services For two years 1992/93
FIRE ALCOHOL Educational Establishment Benefits Lifetime 1993/94
HEALTH ALL CRIME Fire Service CAFCASS None-face to face contact 1994/95
HOUSING AMBULANCE HM Revenue and Customs Children's Services Per action 1995/96
SOCIAL SERVICES ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR HM Treasury Clinical Commissioning Group Per advice session 1996/97
X-CUTTING ASSESSMENT Local Authority College Per application 1997/98
BENEFITS Ministry of Justice Community Health Provider Per attendance 1998/99
BUILDINGS Multiple Community Safety Partnership Per bed day 1999/00
CASE MANAGEMENT NHS Connexions Service Per call 2000/01
CHILD PROTECTION Police Court Per case 2001/02
CHILDREN Private sector DAAT (Drug & Alcohol Action Teams) Per case per team member 2002/03
CHILDREN IN NEED RSL DWP Per child 2003/04
COMMUNITY HEALTH PROVISION Society / Economic Education Services Per child per course 2004/05
DENTAL VCS Environmental Services Per claim 2005/06
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Fire Service Per claimant 2006/07
DRUGS GP Per claimant per year 2007/08
EARNINGS HM Revenue and Customs Per client 2008/09
EMPLOYMENT HM Treasury Per client per week 2009/10
EVICTION Housing Services Per clinic hour 2010/11
EXCLUSION JCP Per consultation 2011/12
GP / NURSE Legal aid Per contact 2012/13
HOMELESSNESS Local authority Per course 2013/14
HOSPITAL Mental Health Trust Per customer f 2014/15
LABOUR COSTS PER HOUR Multiple Per day f 2015/16
LABOUR COSTS NHS Per episode f 2016/17
LOOKED AFTER CHILDREN Police Per event f 2017/18
MENTAL HEALTH Prison Per FTE f 2018/19
NEETs Probation Per half hour f 2019/20
NEIGHBOURHOOD DISPUTES RSL Per home visit
NOISE School Per hour f = forecast, showing % chang
NON-BUILDINGS Social Services Per hour per team member For further information on GDP
OBESITY VCS Per incident https://www.gov.uk/governmen
OFFENDING Victim services Per intervention
OTHER SERVICES Young Offenders Institute Per intervention per annum
PROCEEDINGS Youth Offending Team Per journey
PROGRAMMES Per month
PROPERTY & VEHICLE CRIME Per night
PUPIL SUPPORT Per order
QUALIFICATIONS/ SKILLS Per participant
RENT ARREARS Per patient for treatment period
SCHOOL READINESS Per patient hour
SMOKING Per patient per year
TAX Per person
TELECARE Per person per week
TELEHEALTH Per person per year
THEFT Per plan
THERAPY Per proceeding
TRUANCY Per process
UNEMPLOYMENT Per programme
VANDALISM Per property
VIOLENCE Per pupil per year
YOUNG PEOPLE Per quitter
YOUTH OFFENDING Per scheme
Per school academic year
Per service user contact
Per service user contact
Per session
Per six weeks
Per test
Per transfer
Per user
Per vaccine
Per visit
Per week
Per year
Project to Feb 10
Six month programme
Two hours per week
GDP Lookup Tables are based on 'GDP deflators at market prices, and money GDP: March
015 (Budget 2015)', released on 19 March 2015
GDP Lookup Tables can be amended for new releases by changing the column '% change
on previous year'
GDP Lookup Year Lookup RAG look-up
% change on GDP cumulative Reverse

% change on
previous year as (using 1989 as calculation
previous year
decimal base year) (check)
7.79 0.0779 100.00 100.00

8.27 0.0827 108.27 108.27 1989/90 R
5.87 0.0587 114.62 114.62 1990/91 A
2.55 0.0255 117.54 117.54 1991/92 G
2.45 0.0245 120.42 120.42 1992/93
1.18 0.0118 121.85 121.85 1993/94
2.91 0.0291 125.40 125.40 1994/95
4.23 0.0423 130.71 130.71 1995/96
1.78 0.0178 133.04 133.04 1996/97
1.59 0.0159 135.15 135.15 1997/98
1.04 0.0104 136.56 136.56 1998/99
2.30 0.0230 139.69 139.69 1999/00
1.52 0.0152 141.81 141.81 2000/01
2.63 0.0263 145.54 145.54 2001/02
2.04 0.0204 148.51 148.51 2002/03
3.15 0.0315 153.19 153.19 2003/04
2.79 0.0279 157.47 157.47 2004/05
2.71 0.0271 161.74 161.74 2005/06
2.93 0.0293 166.47 166.47 2006/07
2.51 0.0251 170.65 170.65 2007/08
2.59 0.0259 175.06 175.06 2008/09
2.77 0.0277 179.91 179.91 2009/10
1.79 0.0179 183.13 183.13 2010/11
1.61 0.0161 186.08 186.08 2011/12
2.12 0.0212 190.03 190.03 2012/13
1.70 0.0170 193.26 193.26 2013/14
1.40 0.0140 195.97 195.97 2014/15
1.20 0.0120 198.32 198.32 2015/16
1.60 0.0160 201.49 201.49
2.10 0.0210 205.73 205.73
2.60 0.0260 211.07 0.00
= forecast, showing % changes in line with the March 2015 Budget (forecast data are consistent with Office of Budget Responsibility data as at the 18 March 2015 Budget)
or further information on GDP deflators, see:
ttps://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/gdp-deflators-at-market-prices-and-money-gdp-march-2015-budget-2015
Database
Cost code Revisions
theme
Changes by database theme

Crime General Restructured some of the headline/subsidiary/constituent cost groupings, to rationalise the structure and correct illogical groupings
(entries have been renumbered with new cost codes as appropriate). Some minor revisions - changes to the Comment cell, new
hyperlinks to the source documentation, changing the description in the 'Unit' column.
CR1.0, CR2.0, CR8.0 Revised the Comment cells for the following entries to highlight the potential for double-counting with other costs: anti-social
behaviour - further action (CR1.0); domestic violence (CR2.0) and average cost per incident of crime, across all types of crime
(CR8.0).
CR2.0, CR8.0, CR8.1, CR8.2, CR8.3, CR8.4, CR8.5, CR8.6, CR8.7, Split out fiscal, economic and social values into separate columns, and made associated changes to the Comment cells. The 'Agency
CR8.8, CR8.9, CR8.10, CR8.11, CR8.12, CR8.13, CR8.14, CR8.15, bearing the cost / making the saving' columns have been moved next to the fiscal cost columns, as they are only relevant to these
CR8.16, CR8.178, CR8.18, CR8.19 (and general restructure to costs and not to the economic and social entries. Column headings have been renamed 'Fiscal values', 'Economic values' and 'Social
column order for the whole worksheet) values' (rather than the previous 'Fiscal costs').
CR3.0 - CR3.0.8, CR4.1, CR4.2
Updated prison costs to values in 'NOMS Annual Report & Accounts 13-14', and hyperlinked to the new source documentation. Note
that 3.0.5 and 3.0.6 are new costs added to the database from the 2013-14 publication. Comment cells have been revised.
CR4.0 Revised the entry for 'Youth offender, average cost of a first time entrant (under 18) to the Criminal Justice System in the first year
following the offence' (CR4.0) to just consider costs incurred during the first year following offending. Constituent costs detailing in the
previous version of the database have been deleted, as we do not have the breakdown of costs by agency. Detailed the average
value for additional years in the Comment cell.
(n/a) Deleted the entry for 'Offender, average yearly cost of a first time entrant (over 18) to the Criminal Justice System' - this is based upon
under-18 entrants who then turn 18 before Year 2 following the offence, rather than over-18 first time entrants, so is open to mis-
interpretation; other values in the database are more useful.
CR4.3 Added a new entry for the cost per hour of a Youth Offending Team practitioner (CR4.3).
CR8.0.1 - CR 8.19.5
Revised the details in the 'Original source' column for the headline entry 8.0 and all underlying subsidiary and constituent cost lines.
CR9.0 - CR9.2 Added new entries for Home Office derived costs for police officer time (CR9.0 - CR9.2)
Education & E&S1.0, E&S2.0, E&S4.1, E&S5.0, E&S6.0, E&S7.0, E&S8.0 -
skills E&S8.6, E&S9.0, E&S10.0, E&S11.0, E&S12.0 - E&S12.3, E&S13.0 Split out fiscal, economic and social values into separate columns, and made associated changes to the Comment cells. Added
(and general restructure to column order for the whole worksheet) additional content/comments on transfer costs and public value. Changed 'Outcome Detail' heading for all entries from E&S5.0
onwards to 'Qualifications / skills' rather than 'Earnings'. Some associated renumbering (changed cost codes) and restructuring.
The 'Agency bearing the cost / making the saving' columns have been moved next to the fiscal cost columns, as they are only relevant
to these costs and not to the economic and social entries. Column headings have been renamed 'Fiscal values', 'Economic values'
and 'Social values' (rather than the previous 'Fiscal costs').
Employment & E&S1.0 - E&S1.0.2, E&S2.0 - E&S2.0.2, E&S3.0 - E&S3.0.2 (and Split out fiscal, economic and social values into separate columns, and made associated changes to the Comment cells. Added
economy general restructure to column order for the whole worksheet) additional content/comments on transfer costs and public value. Also revised Source reference and Comment cells to clarify the
derivation of the costs in DWP research.
The 'Agency bearing the cost / making the saving' columns have been moved next to the fiscal cost columns, as they are only relevant
to these costs and not to the economic and social entries. Column headings have been renamed 'Fiscal values', 'Economic values'
and 'Social values' (rather than the previous 'Fiscal costs').
E&S1.1 - E&E1.5, E&E2.1 - E&E2.4, E&E3.1 - E&E3.3, E&E3.5 -
Updated benefit payment amounts with latest values from www.gov.uk (DWP, January/February 2015).
E&E3.6, E&E3.8 - E&E3.9, E&E8.0 - E&E8.1, E&E9.0
E&E1.7, E&E2.5 - E&E2.6, E&E7.5 - E&E7.6, E&E8.2, E&E9.2 Updated DWP transaction costs sourced from Transactions Explorer with latest values (2013-14).
E&E3.4, E&E3.7, E&E5.0 - E&E5.3, E&E6.0 - E&E6.4 Added new entries with benefit payment amounts sourced from www.gov.uk (DWP, January/February 2015). New entries include
Personal Independence Payment values
E&E7.0 - E&E7.6 Updated Disability Living Allowance (DLA) entries with benefit values for 2014-15, and revised 'Cost/Saving detail' and 'Comment'
cells to reflect change of DLA to a historic benefit
E&E9.1
Added new entry for the cost of processing new claims for Carer's Allowance Transactions Explorer (Transactions Explorer, 2013-14).
Database
Cost code Revisions
theme
E&E10.0 - E&E10.4 Updated NEET unit costs. New NEET entries have been added, including 2 subsidiary cost lines and 6 constituent cost lines. The
fiscal values for the original 18-24and 16-17 NEET entries (now E&E 10.0 and E&E10.1) have been very slightly revised, and agency
splits introduced in the constituent cost lines underpinning E&E10.0.
E&E11.0 - E&E11.1 Added new entries for DWP derived costs for Troubled Families Employment Adviser (TFEA) time (E&E11.0 - E&E 11.1).
Fire All entries Revised hyperlinks to source report, which were not working.
Fl1.0 (and general restructure to column order for the whole Split out fiscal, economic and social values into separate columns, and made associated changes to the Comment cell. The 'Agency
worksheet) bearing the cost / making the saving' columns have been moved next to the fiscal cost columns, as they are only relevant to these
costs and not to the economic and social entries. Column headings have been renamed 'Fiscal values', 'Economic values' and 'Social
values' (rather than the previous 'Fiscal costs').
Database
Cost code Revisions
theme
Health General
Various restructuring (and associated renumbering) to move entries under more appropriate 'Outcome detail' headings. Includes
moving 'Programme' costs to Social Services theme, and new 'Ambulance' and 'Therapy' headings in the 'Outcome detail' column
HE1.0, HE2.0 - HE2.0.2, HE2.12, HE11.0, HE11.1, HE11.2, HE11.3, Split out fiscal, economic and social values into separate columns, and made associated changes to the Comment cells. The 'Agency
HE11.4, HE11.5, HE11.6, HE11.7 - HE11.9, HE13.0, HE13.1 (and bearing the cost / making the saving' columns have been moved next to the fiscal cost columns, as they are only relevant to these
general restructure to column order for the whole worksheet) costs and not to the economic and social entries. Column headings have been renamed 'Fiscal values', 'Economic values' and 'Social
HE1.1 - HE1.3, HE1.8, HE2.3, HE2.5 - HE2.6, HE2.8 - HE2.9, Updated entries taken from the NHS National Schedule of Reference Costs and NHS Tariffs to provide new values from the 2013-14
HE2.11, HE3.0 - HE3.2, HE7.0 - HE7.0.2, HE7.5 - HE7.9, HE8.0 - Reference Costs publication. A further 19 entries drawn from previous versions of the NHS Reference Costs do not have updated
HE8.1, HE8.3, HE9.0, HE10.12, HE10.14, HE10.16 values in the 2013-14 workbook.
HE1.7, HE1.9, HE1.12 - HE1.14, HE2.7, HE2.10, HE2.12, HE8.2,
HE10.1 - HE10.11, HE10.13, HE10.15, HE10.17, HE12.2 - HE12.7, Updated entries taken from the PSSRU Unit Costs of Health and Social Care to provide new values from the 2014 publication. Note
HE16.2 - HE16.6, HE17.0 - HE17.1, HE18.0 - HE18.1, HE19.0 - that ten PSSRU entries in the database do not have updated values in the 2014 publication, so values from previous editions have
HE19.1, HE20.0, HE20.2 - HE20.3, HE20.5, HE21.0, HE22.0 - been retained.
HE22.1, HE23.0 - HE23.9
HE1.7, HE1.9, HE2.10, HE2.12, HE18.0, HE19.0 Revised Comment cells for a number of costs sourced from PSSRU 2014.
HE2.13 Added new entry for Specialist prescribing (drugs), sourced from PSSRU 2014
HE14.0 - HE14.1 Corrected error in previous version of database for Mental health inpatients, specialist services entry - description now reads 'all
patients', rather than previous 'adults only' (HE14.0) Introduced two new constituent costs to give specific cost for: (i) adults); and (ii)
children and adolescents (HE14.0.1 - HE14.0.2). Also revised Comment cell for HE14.1 to refer to children and adolescents, not
adults.
Housing HO7.0 - HO7.7 Updated Housing Benefit values with latest data from www.gov.uk (DWP, November 2014)
(general restructure to column order for the whole worksheet) In line with the structure of the other worksheets, the 'Agency bearing the cost / making the saving' columns have been moved next to
the fiscal cost columns, as they are only relevant to these costs and not to the economic and social entries. Column headings have
been renamed 'Fiscal values', 'Economic values' and 'Social values' (rather than the previous 'Fiscal costs').
Social services SS1.0 Revised the methodology used to derive the 'headline' fiscal value for looked after children to exclude the element relating to wider
social work input (see Comment cell to SS1.0 for details), and use updated 2013-14 data from DfE s251 and 903 returns. Removed
the social value. Revised Comment cell to explain changes and suggest use of more specific foster care and residential placement
entries where relevant LAC data are available.
SS2.0 - SS2.0.2, SS3.0 - SS3.1, SS7.1 - SS7.1.3, SS9.5, SS11.3 - Update entries taken from the PSSRU Unit Costs of Health and Social Care to provide new values from the 2014 publication. A
SS11.7, SS11.9 - 11.12, SS11.15 - SS11.17, SS15.2 - SS15.3, further 33 entries from previous versions of the Unit Costs of Health & Social Care publication do not have updated values in the 2014
SS17.0, SS18.0 - SS18.10 edition.
SS4.0 - SS4.2 Slight revisions to Comment cells for Child Protection core assessment entries
SS5.0 - SS5.0.9 Revised Children in need process costs to reflect additional information from 2012 publication and recent process changes.
SS7.0, SS7.1, SS8.0 - SS8.0.1, SS11.0 - SS11.2, SS11.9, SS12.0 - Split out fiscal, economic and social values into separate columns, and made associated changes to the Comment cells. The 'Agency
SS12.2, SS15.3, SS16.0 (and general restructure to column order bearing the cost / making the saving' columns have been moved next to the fiscal cost columns, as they are only relevant to these
for the whole worksheet) costs and not to the economic and social entries. Column headings have been renamed 'Fiscal values', 'Economic values' and 'Social
SS7.0, SS11.0 - SS11.2, SS12.0 - SS12.2, SS13.0 - SS13.2, Update entries taken from the Personal Social Services Expenditure and Unit Costs publication to provide new values from the 2013-4
SS14.0 - SS14.2 publication
SS8.0.2 Update standard NHS nursing care contribution to 2013-14 value.
SS16.0 - SS16.0.4 Restructure 'School-based emotional learning programmes' entries - these have been moved from the Health to Social Services
theme. Other 'Programme' costs have been renumbered (i.e. new cost codes allocated) as necessary.
General changes
Introduction worksheet Content slightly revised.
Guidance worksheet Content revised, with more information on differentiation between fiscal, economic and social values (and wider public value) and
cashability. The text highlights the importance of the Comment cells, and indicates how updates undertaken for version 1.4 of the
database have been flagged to the user.
Lookups worksheet The 'GDP Lookup' list has been updated with the latest HMT GDP deflators (19 March 2015 release), to enable costs to be updated to
2015-16 values.
Database
Lookups worksheet Cost code Revisions
theme
The 'Year' look-up and drop-down lists in each worksheet have been updated to include 2014-15 and 2015-16. The RAG scoring and
formatting applied to 'score' the age of the data (columns I, L and O in each worksheet) has been updated to the following:
Red: 2007/08 and earlier

Amber: 2008/09 - 2010/11
Green: 2011/12 and later
vl.4 update log worksheet New worksheet outlining changes introduced in the current version (v.1.4) in comparison to previous v.1.3
Number of entries changed
151 (28 minor revisions, plus

123 entries restructured /
renumbered)
21
11
1
128
3
21
10
19
7
11
1
10
2
15
1
158 (c. 20 costs restructured,

with remainder simply allocated
new cost codes)
17
18
61
6
1
36
3
9
15
15
1
5

Unit Cost Database (v.1.4) - Introduction

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Unit Cost Database (v.1.4) - Introduction

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Unit Cost Database (v.1.

• Economic value: net increase in earnings or growth in the local economy;

Reference Cost Collection: National Schedule of Reference Costs - Year G

Reference Cost Collection: National Schedule of Reference Costs - Year G

Reference Cost Collection: National Schedule of Reference Costs - Year G

Reference Cost Collection: National Schedule of Reference Costs - Year G

Exploration of the costs and impact of the Common Assessment Framework

National Audit of Intermediate Care, 2012, p.31 G

Personal Social Services: Expenditure and Unit Costs, England - 2013-14,

Personal Social Services: Expenditure and Unit Costs, England - 2013-14,

Costs and longer-term savings of parenting programmes for the prevention

GDP Lookup Year Lookup RAG look-up

% change on GDP cumulative Reverse

7.79 0.0779 100.00 100.00

Changes by database theme

Red: 2007/08 and earlier

151 (28 minor revisions, plus

158 (c. 20 costs restructured,

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