Introduction-

BAMBOO is one of the oldest building materials used by mankind. The bamboo culm, or stem,
has been made into an extended diversity of products ranging from domestic household
products to industrial applications. In Asia, bamboo is quite common for bridges, scaffolding
and housing, but it is usually a temporary exterior structural material. In many overly populated
regions of the tropics, certain bamboos supply the one suitable material that is sufficiently
cheap and plentiful to meet the extensive need for economical housing. With the advancement
of science and technology and the good supply of timber, new methods are needed for the
processing of bamboo to make it more durable and more usable in terms of building materials.
The mechanical properties of Bamboo, specifically pertaining to Bamboo in concrete. This
study showed that the ultimate load of a concrete beam reinforced with Bamboo increased
400% as compared to un-reinforced concrete. The mechanical properties of six different types
of Bamboo, proper treatments that should be applied to Bamboo, and the methods that should
be employed when utilizing Bamboo as concrete reinforcement. Natural bamboo itself is a
unidirectional fibre reinforced composite consisting of long and parallel cellulose fibres
(vascular bundles) embedded in a ligneous matrix (ground tissues). The bamboo fibres called
‘natural glass fibre’ have a specific strength of 610 MPa, while the ground tissues, which are
honeycomb foams, have a much lower strength of 50 MPa. Because the bamboo fibre is often
brittle and covered with lignin comparing with other natural fibres, it is difficult to extract
bamboo fibres which have superior mechanical properties; therefore, it is expected to adopt a
devised process to extract the bamboo fibres for reinforcement of composite materials.
However, only few reports discussed the practical fabrication process of bamboo fibre and its
composites, though several papers have already been published on the studies of bamboo-based
polymer composites. The fabrication processes comprise chemical decomposition, steam
explosion, and mechanical separation. And the reinforcement forms include bamboo strips,
bamboo sliver, and bamboo bundle and bamboo fibres. The bamboo fibres separated by steam
explosion or chemical decomposition are usually short fibres, which disrupt the orientation of
the natural bamboo fibre; consequently, the basic performances of bamboo are damaged.
Besides, these processes consume abundant energy or chemical reagents. The bamboo strip,
bamboo sliver and bamboo bundle produced using the mechanical separation process retain the
natural characteristics of bamboo fibres. However, the outer layer and the inner layer of the
bamboo show large different physical and mechanical properties compared with the main part
of the bamboo and are difficult to be glued. Therefore, when bamboo strip, bamboo sliver and
bamboo bundle are used to manufacture bamboo-based composites, the inner layer and outer
layer of the bamboo must be removed in the process of structural units so as to meet the physical
and mechanical properties of bamboo panels. This inevitably reduces the efficiency and
utilization of bamboo. Additionally, the resin is generally distributed in the surface of the units
of bamboo strip, bamboo sliver or bamboo bundle, which makes it difficult to improve the
properties of honeycomb foams. It is necessary to produce a novel unit using mechanical
treatment without any chemical and moving the inner layer and outer layer of the bamboo. In
previous work, a novel fluffer was developed for manufacturing the oriented bamboo bundle
mat (OBFM).The fluffing rollers of the novel fluffer are composed of several special shaped
gears with intervals between the teeth to make linear shaped cracks and the driving rollers
arrange uniform convex pocks to generate dotted shaped cracks on the bamboo.

Objective-
To develop a durable bamboo- composite and Reinforcement evaluation of
these sustainable materials as reinforcement in concrete structural elements
under different loading conditions.

1. To determine the contribution of bamboo-cane fibre to the strength of reinforced

concrete to that of bamboo-cane composite.
2. Physical and chemical treatment of the raw bamboo to improve resistance against
biodegradation.
3. Develop of bamboo- composite using resin as matrix.
4. Surface treatment to achieve optimum bond strength.
5. Improving the fibre/matrix interface bonding
6. Intumescent coatings for fire resistance.
7. Gaining more insight into the critical factors of success and failure of the application
of bamboo in building projects and finding solutions to prevent or reduce the negative
consequences.
8. What is the environmental impact of bamboo (products) compared to building materials
more commonly used.
 Nation and International Status-
Ghavami (1995) studied bonding and bending with bamboo in lightweight concrete. Most
developing countries have several problems, and one of the main problems is housing. The
housing problem has been related to lack of research in field of low cost housing projects.
Scientists, engineers, and designers need training and education for finding low cost
construction and efficient plans. In additional, specialist systems for education, various
information, and vitality of economy are needed the values of the test of compression and shear
are dependent on the type of bamboo the tensile strength is higher than the compression
strength. With the compressive range 12 to 53MPa. In several tests, Bamboos vulgaris
schardand. Dendrocalamus were researched the highest value two types of bamboo, treatment
and untreated. The treated specimens were wrapped with1.5mm steel wire on embedded 40mm
spacing and cared Negrolin-sand. In this test, treated bamboo, 0.97 N/mm2, was more effective
than untreated bamboo, 0.52 N/mm2, with up to 90% improved bond stress.

Masani (1977) conducted an in-depth study outlining the proper ways to utilize Bamboo in
construction. A listing of the positive aspects of Bamboo is given, citing examples pertaining
to its economical, mechanical, and environmental properties. When used as reinforcement in
concrete, directions are given to insure a better performance, including discussions on
waterproofing, pressure-treating, concrete design, and beam design. This study found that the
Bamboo reinforcement area should be 5 times the typical steel reinforcement area, and that
even when fine cracks develop on the surface of Bamboo, the load carrying capacity of the
member is not reduced. The only negative properties of Bamboo given are its susceptibility to
attack by insects, fungi and dried bamboo is prone to catch fire

Amada et al. (1997) investigated the mechanical and physical properties of Bamboo. They
conducted a thorough investigation into the structure and purposes of the nodes, which they
found to strengthen the Bamboo Culm. They also commented on the advantage Bamboo has
over other natural building materials with its fast growth rate.

Mardjono (1998) provided research with the effort to give some sort of organization of a
system to building with Bamboo between cultures, species, and countries having varying
designs. The objective of their research was to improve the functions of Bamboo buildings by
this organization to provide privacy, safety, comfort, durability, and accessibility. Overall
Bamboo used as a structural material suffers from an incredible disadvantage due to inadequate
applied scientific research. They do feel that Bamboo products should be brought to the level
of acknowledged and received building materials. The results of their research will be
published as a thesis and guide for designing Bamboo structures to be dispersed to people in
developing countries. A study reported in International Standard Organization (ISO) (1999)
fashioned lab manual for determining the physical and mechanical properties of Bamboo. The
purpose for publishing this manual is first of all so that these methods are available all over the
world. Research is done in so many places, very precise, yet is stuck in the laboratories. With
this document, the methods are made available. Secondly, this document gives a 141 and 124
MPa. The compression strength was observed as 40~62 MPa for specimens 120 mm length
and 10 mm width. The bond test considered practical step by step explanation of how to
perform each test specifically following the International Standard Complement Document
determination of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo’s another complement
document is Bamboo Structural Design (1999).

Janseen (2000) conducted her study on building with Bamboo. This book covered a wide
variety of aspects of Bamboo going back to the structure of the plant and its natural habitat. It
gives calculations to show why it’s economically competitive, mechanical properties, its many
uses, its natural durability, and the preservation of the Bamboo. In much more detail, it
discusses the joints and building with pure Bamboo. In relation to this project, her book does
touch on Bamboo used as reinforcement in concrete. Listed in her book are several things that
are more of a hassle than steel reinforcement. Of those, the bonding between the Bamboo and
concrete is considered the biggest problem due to absorption of water and smooth wall of the
Bamboo Culm.

The American Bamboo Society (2005) provided a very intricate collection of specialized terms
followed by their definitions relating to Bamboo. It also has a glossary of questions and answers
common to someone new to the topic. These questions ranged from identifying Bamboo, preserving
Bamboo, finding help with your Bamboo, to other topics not as closing connected to the research of
this project.

Atul agarwal and Damodar maity (2009) they studied axial compression and bending test was
performed on Plain, Steel & Bamboo reinforced members. As explained in there experimental program,
For example, a total of 12 columns (150x150x1000mm) were casted using design mix (M20) as per IS
code. These columns included 3 columns of steel reinforcement, 3 columns of plain concrete, 3 columns
of untreated bamboo reinforcement & 3columns of treated bamboo reinforcements (with varying
percentage of reinforcement; i.e. 3, 5, & 8%). The load deformation curves displayed significant
nonlinearity, indicating that the bamboo has the capacity to absorb energy. Failure of Columns
predominately occurred in shear in shear under compressive loading. Plain concrete and untreated
bamboo columns showed brittle behaviour in which, tiny cracks occurred at the surface of the column
at about 80% of maximum axial force.

Methodology
Preparation of Material

The bamboo sticks used in the present investigation was arranged from local market. The process of
fibre extraction is shown below:

Collecting Bamboo sticks

Soaked in water in for days

Hand peeling of fibres from wet sticks

Fibre dried in sun for one day

Cut fibre length of required dimension

Dried in oven at 1000C to remove moisture

2. Moulds

The mould was made having a simple base and top made of plastic plate having dimensions
220mm×200mm×20mm which was cut from plastic sheet all three sides of sheet was
surrounded by a thin strip of plastic having dimension: 2 strips of dimension
220mm×30mm×5mm and 2 strips having dimensions 140mm×30mm×5mm which are fixed to
the strip through nut and bolts.

Load deflection behaviour, fracture estimation and morphology will be investigated with
toughing and mechanisms as crack-tip blunting, crack deflection and crack pinning which lead
to energy dissipation through matrix plastic deformation etc. particularly understand the failure
characteristics. Chosen indicators for investing.

Initially an experimental program for tensile and compressive strength of the bamboo specimen
was carried out. The specimens as per Indian Standard (IS 6874:1973) as well as other
specimen were tested. All possibilities like location of specimen within the culms, presence of
node within the specimen, shape of the specimen and tensile test with or without aluminium
tabs were conducted. The failure strength with the deformation was recorded. Specimen
showing erratic results for both tension and compression and cases of slipping of aluminium
tabs in tension test were rejected

Simultaneously, water absorption tests were carried out. The observations were limited to
seven days as the absorption thereafter was almost stopped. The specimen with node had shown
more absorption than that of without node. To bring down the water absorption, different
treatments were tried and dimension variations for all the cases were recorded. As the study is
inclined towards low cost housing elements, it was seen that, the chosen treatments should be
cheaper, with easily available material and should not demand high skilled labour.

An exercise to analyse bamboo reinforced concrete composite section by working stress and
limit state method for flexural members was carried out. The expressions for depth of the
neutral axis, lever arm and percentage of bamboo reinforcement and moment of resistance of
the section were derived. A well-defined procedure for analysis and design of bamboo
reinforced concrete flexural members was established and validated with the literature. The
flexural members with different percentages of steel bamboo reinforcement and concrete were
cast and tested for flexure and the results were compared with the established procedure. If
required, modifications were be made in the assumptions, so that the developed theory will be
directly applied for design of bamboo reinforced beam with appropriate margin of
serviceability and safety. From the data of the bending test on beams and slabs related other
parameters were also studied.
Work plan

Investing on Engineering Properties of

Bamboos and Development of Analysis
and Design procedure Bamboo
Reinforce Concrete

Literature review for Bamboo properties and bamboo

reinforce concrete

Experimental setups for preliminary tests.

Test on Bamboo

Physical Mechanical Chemical

properties properties properties

Bond strength with different treatment

Casting and testing of fibre reinforce

concrete

Result and discussion from

the test

Validation, Conclusion,
recommendation and future
scope