Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Nouns
2. Pronouns
3. Verbs
4. Adjectives
5. Adverbs
6. Prepositions
7. Conjunctions
8. Interjections
1. NOUN
I My mine myself me
You Your yours yourself you
He His his himself him
She Her her herself her
It Its its itself it
We Our ours ourselves us
You Your yours yourselves you
They their theirs themselves them
Let's look at this cute monkey here. How would you describe it?
You could say it is a furry monkey.
The adjective furry describes the noun monkey and answers the
adjective question Which one? or What kind?
Which monkey? The furry monkey. What kind of monkey? The
furry monkey.
5. ADVERBS
Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and some other word or
element in the rest of the sentence.
to live (4) with her uncle everybody (5) said she was the (6) most
disagreeable-looking child ever seen. It was true, too. (7) She had a
little thin face (8) and a little thin body, thin light hair and a (9) sour
expression. (10) Her hair was (11) yellow, and her face was yellow
(12) because she had been born (13) in (14) India and had always
Directions: For the words in bold, choose the correct part of speech
from the choices listed in a and b.
Example: 1. yellow = b. adjective
10. This closet is ___________ than my closet! a. more organized b. most organized
REVIEW
Matching Definitions
a group of related words (within a sentence) without both subject and verb.
Noun Phrase
Prepositional phrase
Gerund Phrase
Infinitive Phrase
Noun Phrase
• On the table
• At the classroom
• In the first floor
Gerund phrase
• Reading a newspaper
• swimming in the river
Infinitive phrase
• To write a report
• To watch television
• To operate computers
Prepositional phrase
• Consists of a gerund(verb + ing) and modifiers or other words associated with the gerund.
• Acts as a noun in a sentence.
• consist of an infinitive(to + simple form of verb) and modifiers or other words associated to
the infinitive.
• always functions as an adjective, adverb or a noun in a sentence
Find out 4 Noun Phrases in one of the references like The English newspaper
(online/offline)
Instructions:
1. Read the English newspaper.
2. Take only one paragraph from one article
3. Underline 4 noun phrases.
4. Cut the article that you have found 4 noun phrases.
5. Stick on your paragraph on A4 paper
6. Rewrite 4 noun phrases under your paragraph and translate into Indonesian
7. You are not allowed to take more than 4 noun phrases.
8. Every student has the different article.
Your 1 Paragraph
Source: ........................................
NOUN PHRASES:
1. Informatics Engineering Students = .......................... (meaning in Bahasa Indonesia)
2. Industrial Students Association = ........................... (meaning)
3. .............................................. = ........................... (meaning)
4. .............................................. = ........................... (meaning)
1. Lima cangkir plastik untuk es krim
2. Koin perak baru milik Mary
3. Rumah batu yang besar dan panjang.
4.Jendela toko yang sempit dan panjang
5. Sepatu kulit coklat tua
6. Sebuah cup lampu berwarna hijau tua
7. Lagu-lagu cinta baru
8. Beberapa tiket bis kotor
9. Semua lapangan sepak bola berbentuk persegi empat
10. Berita utama surat kabar sore yang menyedihkan
TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH
1. Perkembangan kurikulum nasional :……………………………………………
2. Daerah perdagangan bebas asia :…………………………………………….
3. Kabel fiber bawah tanah :………………………………………………………..
4. Masyarakat ekonomi :…………………………………………………………….
5. jaringan technologi canggih :……………………………………………………
6. pembangkit listrik tenaga surya :…………………………………………………
7. pembangkit listrik tenaga air laut :……………………………………………….
8. Kartu indentitas pribadi :……………………………………………………………
9. Kualitas pelayanan kantor pajak : ……………………………………………….
DICTIONARY
Predicate
The predicate makes a statement about the subject. It consists of a verb and its modifiers or
complements. The verb is the most important part of the predicate. It expresses action or state of
being.
Subject and Predicate
Subject
1. Pronoun ( I, You,We, They, she, he, It)
2. Proper noun ( nama orang atau nama kota)
3. Noun phrase ( The old building, a hard worker etc.)
Predicate
1 Verb ( Regular or Irregular)
2. To be ( is, am , are)-( was, was, were) – (been)
4. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE : action that started in the past, but still in
progress at the moment of speaking.
am – was - been
are – were - been
e.Q active: Syam buys the motorcycle at the market.
passive: The motorcycle is bought by Syam at the market.
3. Melalui iklan yang dipublikasikan melalui surat khabar dan majalah disiarkan melalui
radio, ditayangkan melalui televisi, dikirim melaui E- mail, seorang usahawan mencoba
untuk meraih pelanggan pelanggan yang potensial dan membujuknya untuk membeli
produknya .
1 : Subject And Verbs
2 : Object of Prepositions
3 : Present Participles
4 : Past Participles
5 : Coordinate Connectors
6 : Adverb Clause Connectors
7 : Noun Clause Connectors
8 : Noun Clause Connector/Subjects
9 : Adjective Clause Connectors
10: Adjective Clause Connectors / Subjects
1 : Subject and Verbs
A sentence in English must have at least one subject and one verb.
Example I
.................was ringing continously for hours.
(a). Loudly
(b). In the morning
(c). The phone
(d). The bells
Example II
Newspapers.................every morning and every evening
(a). Delivery
(b). Are delivered
(c). On time
(d). Regularly
Example III
The plane.................landing at the airport in five minutes
(a). It is
(b). It really is
(c). Is descending
(d). Will be
EXERCISE 1
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice in each of the
following sentences.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)
Example:
. I (I n c o r r e c t) 1. My best friend always helpful with problems.
The trip (to the island) (on Saturday) will last (for three hours)
Example :
To Mike.................was a big surprise.
(a). Really
(b). The party
(c). Funny
(d). When
EXERCISE 2
Each of the following sentences contains one or more prepositional
pharases. Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the prepositional phrases that come before the VERB.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)
Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. The name of the baby in the crib is Jack.
. 2. Because of the heavy rain throughout the night, the walkways are muddy.
. 4. In a box on the top shelf of the cabinet in the hallway of the house.
A Present Participle is the –ing form of the verb. It can be : (1) part of the verb, when
accompanied by some for of the verb be or (2) an adjective, when it is not accompanied by
some form of the verb be.
OBSERVE AND COMPARE :
Example :
The film.................appearing at the local theatre is my favourite
(a). Now
(b). Is
(c). it
(d). was
EXERCISE 3
Each of the following sentences contains one or more present
participles. Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the present participles and label them as ADJECTIVE/VERB.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)
Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. The crying * baby needs to be picked up. *(Adj)
. I (I n c o r r e c t ) 2. The clothes are lying on the floor should go into the washing
machine . (Verb)
. 1. The ship is sailing to Mexico is leaving tonight.
. 5. The fast moving clouds are bringin freezing rain to the area.
4 : Past Participles
A Past Participle often ends in –ed, but there are also many irregular past participles. For
many verbs, including –ed verbs, the simple past and the past participle are the same and
can be easily confused. The –ed form of the verb can be (1) the simple past, (2) the
past participle of a verb, or (3) an adjective.
OBSERVE AND COMPARE :
Example :
The bread ................baked this morning smelled delicious
(a). Has
(b). was
(c). it
(d). just
EXERCISE 4
Each of the following sentences contains one or more past participles.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice. Circle the
past participles and label them as ADJECTIVE/VERB.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)
Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. The plane landed on the deserted* runway. *(Adj)
When you have two clauses in an English sentence, you must connect them correctly. One
way to connect two clauses is to use the coordinate connectors. Here is the sentence pattern
used with them :
it was raining but Bill went out to play.
S V coor.connector S V
Example :
I forgot my coat ...............I got very cold.
(a). then
(b). so
(c). later
(d). As a result
EXERCISE 5
Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the CONNECTORS.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)
Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. The lawn needs water every day, or it will turn brown
. 2. The material has been cut, and the pieces have been sewn together.
. 3. The patient took all the medicine, he did not feel much better.
. 5. The leaves keep failing off the trees, and the boys kept raking them up,
but the yard was still covered.
6 :Adverb Clause Connectors
The following chart lists common adverb connectors and the sentence patterns
used with them.
Example :
..............arrived at the library, he started to work immediately
(a). The student
(b). when
(c). He
(d). After the student
EXERCISE 6
Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the CONNECTORS.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)
Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. After the plane circled the airport, it landed on the main runway
. I (I n c o r r e c t )2. The registration process took many hours since the lines so long.
. 1. This type of medicine can be helpful, it can also have some bad side effect.
. 2. Although the area is a desert many plants bloom there in the springtime.
. 4. If you plan carefully before you take a trip, will have a much better time
because the small details will not cause problems.
. 5. The drivers on the freeway drove slowly and carefully while the rain was
falling heavily because they did not want to have an accident.
7 :Noun Clause Connectors
A noun clause is a clause that functions as a noun; because the noun clause functions as a
noun, it can be used in a sentence as an object of a verb (if it follows a preposition).
Example :
The citizens worry about..............is doing.
(a). What the government
(b). The government
(c). what
(d). What the government it
EXERCISE 7
Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the CONNECTORS.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)
Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. It is unfortunate that the meal is not ready yet.
. 5. Can you tell me why was the mail not delivered today ?
8 :Noun Clause Connectors/Subjects
In here we will see that in some cases noun clause connector is not just a connector; a noun
clause connector can also be the subject of the clause at the same time.
Example :
The company was prepared for.............happened with the economy
(a). It
(b). The problem
(c). What
(d). When
EXERCISE 8
Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the CONNECTORS.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)
Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. The teacher heard who answered the questions.
Example :
The job.............started yesterday was rather difficult.
(a). When
(b). Was
(c). After
(d). That he
EXERCISE 9
Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the CONNECTORS.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)
Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. I did not believe the story that he told me.
. 2.Sally has an appointment with the hair dresser whom you recommended
. 4. She is able to solve all the problems which did she cause.
Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. The children that were vaccinated did not get sick..
. I (I n c o r r e c t )2. I did not vote for the politician who he just won the election.
. 1. I took two of the blue pills, which were very effective.
. 2.Any student who does not turn in the paper by Friday will fail the course
. 3.After dinner she went to visit her parents, who were living down the street
In the relatively short span of twenty-five years, there has been an incredible
evolution in size and capabilities of computers. Today computers smaller than
the tip of your fingernail have the same capabilities as the room-sized machines
of twenty-five years ago.
The first computers were developed around 1945. They were so large that they
required special air-conditioned rooms. About twenty years later, in the 1960s,
desk-sized computers were developed. This represented a gigantic advance.
Before the end of that same decade, however a third generation of computers,
which used simple integrated circuits and which were even smaller and faster,
had appeared in 1971, the first microprocessor, less than one square centimeter
in size, was developed. Today, electronic engineers predict that even smaller
and more sophisticated computers will be on the market before the end of this
decade.
Exercise
The development of computer
The first time I know computer in ........
In .......... ( diisi kondisi komputer yang anda tahu)
Quotation
The basic aim of this study is to explore most common constructs for quality of banking
services, which influence customer satisfaction.
a. The basic aim of this study is to explore most common constructs for quality of banking
services.
b. Quality of banking services influence customer satisfaction.
Own sentence:
This research discusses about the design of quality of banking services which has side effect of
customer satisfaction.
Your work arrangement should be :
3. The literature drawn from research about IS, AIS, Management Information Systems MIS,
The research discusses ITG and gives the taxonomy that informs research and practice
Inboth Information System IS and AIS taken from research about IS, AIS,
Own sentence:
This research is intended to know whether strategic planning will help
business firms to improve its performance.
THIS STUDY ALSO ANALYSES THE EFFECTOF THE POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION FROM
CERTAIN MEASUREMENT PERIOD ON PEOPLE’S HEALTH WITH REFERENCE TO HEALTH
RELATED STANDARD.
A CASE STUDY IN WHICH THE INFLUENCEES OF TRAFFIC EMISSION TO THIS AREA ARE
INVESTIGATED.
OWN SENTENCE
A CASE STUDY ABOUT TRAFFIC EMISSION THAT INFLUENCE TO THIS AREA ARE
INVESTIGATED.
Research objective : This paper discusses the user acceptance of a
mandatory government-regulated information system.
sentences. The topic sentence contains the main idea of the paragraph. It consists of
the topic of the paragraph and the limiting statement which limits the topic. Supporting
sentences support and develop the topic sentence. They explain the topic sentence by
and the topic is expressed by a noun, therefore the noun is called the topic
noun. The topic noun normally appears in several sentences in the paragraph.
There is also smaller groups of nouns in the paragraph that develop or support
Exercise:
1. Find out the Topic Sentence.
2. Change the Topic Sentence into a complex sentence.
3. Make one Supporting Sentence which support about the “beauty”.
Exercises
Topic Sentence
Gold that was found by human million years ago has been adored by humans
because of its two important characteristics.
In the world, gold has been reputed as a valuable goods because of its two
important characteristics such as the beauty and the usefulness
The gold which has high value is very expensive because of its two important
characteristics that are beauty and usefulness.
The topic of the paragraph is gold. There will be too many things to put into a single
paragraph if it is not limited. Therefore, the writer limits the topic sentence which is still
general into characteristics of gold. Still, the characteristics are limited into two.
Therefore, the limiting statement of the topic sentences is for two important
characteristics. Given this limitation readers are not supposed to expect that the writer
will discuss something else, for example the price of gold, the history of gold, or gold
mining in the single paragraph. The explanation may be summarized as follows:
Gold is special material because it has different characteristics with the other such
as beauty and usefulness.
Gold that has high economic value are valueable things because of two significant
characteristics that are the beauty of gold and its usefulness.
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
Topic sentence
Supporting Sentence
Supporting Sentence Supporting Sentence
Supporting Sentence
Supporting Sentence
Etc.
Topic sentence
Supporting Sentence
Supporting Sentence
Supporting Sentence
Supporting Sentence
Etc.
Topic
Noun Controlling
Idea
Topic Sentence
Exercises
Internet that can help your homework and add much friends has the
Controlling idea:
1. NEGATIVE IMPACT
2. POSITIVE IMPACT
James A Garfield has obtained a lot of good positions during the civil
war that are mayor general, head of Hiram Institute etc.
He also knew well two classical languages that are latin and greek
He is able to write two languages with his lelf and right hand in the same
time
The occupation that is obtained during civil war is mayor general
The accupation that James A Garfield obtained was mayor general
A lecturer that I know well is Mr. addy
He mastered two languages such as latin and Greek
Two Languages that he knows are latin and Greek
The ability in writing two languages with left and right hand in the same
time is the special talent that he owns
The occupation that he .......
He is able to ...............................
The ability in writing two languages in his left and right hand in the same
time is ............ that he owns.
Rewrite paragraph about James A
Garfield
WH QUESTIONS
WHAT WHO
FINDING THE DETAIL
A tall girl in a white dress rushed away into the trees just beyond the gate to the Steven Park
The some steps (to find the main idea or key word)
1. Ask question by using what (thing) or who ( person)
2. What does the sentence tell about? Thing or person
3. Who rushed away ? A tall girl
4. What does the tall girl do? Rushed away
5. So you will find : The tall girl rushed away
6. The final answer : Delete the attribute in the subject or object
7. The main idea of the sentence : The girl rushed away
8. The questions : where, why and what kind etc will find the detail
Exercises
1. Because of new laws, most foreign automobiles in United States now offer safety features
at no extra charge.
2. Even teenagers with good driving records pay higher insurance rates than adult.
3. While the prices have steadily declined, personal computer is expensive for the average
customers.
4. Neighborhood action groups make a major difference in the quality of life in most cities.
5. The mayor’ aides canceled a scheduled meeting with an active community group that
supported the mayor’ s reelection.
6. Although he dislikes overnight trips, John camped in the woods ofHighland Park because
his friend dared him.