COMPILED BY: ENGLISH TEAM

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MALANG

PARTS OF SPEECH

Group of words categorized by their function in a sentence.

1. Nouns
2. Pronouns
3. Verbs
4. Adjectives
5. Adverbs
6. Prepositions
7. Conjunctions
8. Interjections
1. NOUN

words that name people, places, things, or ideas.

• Common: These name general, nonspecific people, places, things, or ideas. They start with a lowercase letter unless they begin
a sentence.
writer, city, park, religion
• Proper: These name specific people, places, things, or ideas. They always start with a capital letter.
Victor Hugo, Paris, Disneyland, Christianity
• Abstract: These are the opposite of concrete. They name something that you cannot perceive with your five senses - something
that does not physically exist.
happiness, freedom, Christianity
• Concrete: These name something that you can perceive with your five senses - something that physically exists.
cat, chocolate, Martha
• Countable: Yep. You guessed it. These can be counted, and they use both the singular and the plural forms. Anything that you
can make plural is a countable noun.
clock/clocks, David/Davids, poem/poems
• Uncountable: These guys cannot be counted. Since they cannot be counted, they only use the singular form.
milk, rice, water
• Compound: These are made up of two or more smaller words.
tablecloth, haircut, applesauce
• Collective Nouns: These are singular nouns that refer to a group of things as one whole.
class, audience, swarm
• Singular: These refer to one person, place, thing, or idea.
box, face, road, ball
• Plural: These refer to more than one person, place, thing, or idea. They generally end in with an s.
boxes, faces, roads, balls
• Possessive Nouns: These show ownership.
Dad's car, the student's book, Marc's hat
2. PRONOUNS
→ A word that takes the place of a noun

PERSONAL POSSESIVE POSSESSIVE REFLEXIVE OBJECT pronouns

pronouns adjective pronouns pronouns

I My mine myself me
You Your yours yourself you
He His his himself him
She Her her herself her
It Its its itself it
We Our ours ourselves us
You Your yours yourselves you
They their theirs themselves them

Soekarno was the first president of Indonesia. He was born in Surabaya.

3. VERBS

A verb is a word that expresses an action or a state of being.

As you can see from that definition, there are two main categories of verbs:
action verbs and state of being verbs (also known as linking verbs).
4. ADJECTIVE

Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns.

Adjectives answers at least one of these adjective questions.
1. Which one? (yellow, the, that)
2. What kind? (furry, plastic, special)
3. How many? (sixteen, several, many)
4. Whose? (Caroline's, his, its, John's)

Let's look at this cute monkey here. How would you describe it?
You could say it is a furry monkey.
The adjective furry describes the noun monkey and answers the
adjective question Which one? or What kind?
Which monkey? The furry monkey. What kind of monkey? The
furry monkey.
5. ADVERBS

Adverbs modify (describe) verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Adverbs answer one of these adverb questions.

1. How? (happily, really, quite, peacefully...)
2. When? (tomorrow, now, yesterday, never...)
3. Where? (here, there, everywhere...)
4. To what extent? (very, so, too, quite, rather...)
5. Why? (because he wanted soup) Adverbs that answer this question are
typically adverbs that are made up of more than one word, such as an adverb
clause.

Let's look at some examples of adverbs modifying the verb flew.

1. My sister sings beautifully. (How?)
2. Yesterday, the bird flew. (When?)
3. The bird flew here. (Where?)
4. The bird flew because it needed food. (Why?)
6. Prepositions

Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and some other word or
element in the rest of the sentence.

Let’s see… It is a word that describes the relationship

between this caterpillar and this apple.
7. Conjunctions

A conjunction is a word that joins two or more words, phrases, or clauses.

1. Coordinating Conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

2. Subordinating Conjunctions: unless, whenever, since
3. Correlative Conjunctions: either...or, both...and
8. Interjections
 EXERCISES!

1. Identify & Label

Directions: Label the part of speech for each word in bold.

Example: (1) Mary Lennox = (proper) noun

When (1) Mary Lennox (2) was (3) sent to Misselthwaite Manor

to live (4) with her uncle everybody (5) said she was the (6) most

disagreeable-looking child ever seen. It was true, too. (7) She had a

little thin face (8) and a little thin body, thin light hair and a (9) sour

expression. (10) Her hair was (11) yellow, and her face was yellow

(12) because she had been born (13) in (14) India and had always

been (15) ill in one way (16) or another.

- From The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett

2. Choose the Right Part of Speech

Directions: For the words in bold, choose the correct part of speech
from the choices listed in a and b.
Example: 1. yellow = b. adjective

1. Today, I will wear my yellow skirt. a. noun b. adjective

2. No, you may not climb onto the roof. a. interjection b. pronoun
3. This warm bath will feel good on my legs. a. verb b. adverb
4. This is a good movie. a. adverb b. adjective
5. Throw the ball as hard as you can. a. verb b. noun

6. I am extremely excited for our trip to Costa Rica. a. adjective b. adverb

7. Should be stay in a hotel or in a youth hostel? a. interjection b. conjunction

8. Where is my suitcase? a. verb b. adverb

9. Your suitcase is in the closet. a. preposition b. adjective
10. Let's make cookies! a. noun b. preposition
3. Choose the Right Word

1. I am doing ___________. a. good b. well

2. You play the piano __________. a. beautiful b. beautifully
3. I would like two glasses of ___________. a. milk b. milks
4. ____________ is coming to the concert. a. Her b. She
5. Yesterday, I ___________ for two hours! a. play b. played
6. This song is ___________ than that song. a. more better b. better
7. I sat ______________ the coffee shop. a. in b. between
8. My sister ____________ to play the flute. a. is learning b. have learned
9. I ____________ sleepy. a. are b. am

10. This closet is ___________ than my closet! a. more organized b. most organized
REVIEW
Matching Definitions

1. Pronouns A. Words that name people, places, things, or ideas

2. Adverbs B. Words that modify nouns or pronouns

3. Verbs C. Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses

D. Words that describe a relationship between a noun or pronoun and

4. Adjectives
another element in the sentence

5. Conjunctions E. Words that show emotion

6. Prepositions F. Words that modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs

7. Nouns G. Words that show an action or a state of being

8. Interjections H. Words that take the place of nouns

PHRASE

a group of related words (within a sentence) without both subject and verb.

He is laughing at the joker.

Noun Phrase

Prepositional phrase

Gerund Phrase

Infinitive Phrase
Noun Phrase

• Consists of a noun and other related words

(usually modifiers and determiners) which modify the noun.
• Functions like a noun in a sentence.

❖He is wearing a nice red shirt.

❖She brought a glass full of water.
❖The boy with brown hair is laughing.
❖A man on the roof was shouting.
Noun phrase

 Young hard worker

 noun

 Information technology development

 noun

 Electrical engineering student association

 The association of electrical engineering student
Prepositional phrase

• On the table
• At the classroom
• In the first floor

Gerund phrase

• Reading a newspaper
• swimming in the river

Infinitive phrase
• To write a report
• To watch television
• To operate computers
Prepositional phrase

• starts with a preposition and mostly ends with a noun or pronoun.

❑ A boy on the roof is singing a song.

❑ The man in the room is our teacher.
❑ She is shouting in a loud voice.
❑ He always behaves in a good manner.
Gerund Phrase

• Consists of a gerund(verb + ing) and modifiers or other words associated with the gerund.
• Acts as a noun in a sentence.

➢ I like writing good essays.

➢ She started thinking about the problem.
➢ Sleeping late in night is not a good habit.
➢ Weeping of a baby woke him up.
Infinitive Phrase

• consist of an infinitive(to + simple form of verb) and modifiers or other words associated to
the infinitive.
• always functions as an adjective, adverb or a noun in a sentence

➢ He likes to read books.

➢ To earn money is a desire of everyone.
➢ He shouted to inform people about fire.
➢ He made a plan to buy a car.
 Phrases (frasa) adalah kumpulan kata yang mempunyai pengertian tertentu, tetapi
tidak dilengkapi dengan Subject dan Predicate.
 Macam macam frasa:
 1 Noun phrase : (a small family car), (Information Technology Development), (a high
salt content)
 2. Preposional phrase : in the morning, at home.
 3. Gerund Phases : drilling a well, making connection
 4. Infinitive Phrase : to make a decision, to prepare morning report.
Homework

 Find out 4 Noun Phrases in one of the references like The English newspaper
(online/offline)
 Instructions:
 1. Read the English newspaper.
 2. Take only one paragraph from one article
 3. Underline 4 noun phrases.
 4. Cut the article that you have found 4 noun phrases.
 5. Stick on your paragraph on A4 paper
 6. Rewrite 4 noun phrases under your paragraph and translate into Indonesian
 7. You are not allowed to take more than 4 noun phrases.
 8. Every student has the different article.
 Your 1 Paragraph

Source: ........................................

NOUN PHRASES:
1. Informatics Engineering Students = .......................... (meaning in Bahasa Indonesia)
2. Industrial Students Association = ........................... (meaning)
3. .............................................. = ........................... (meaning)
4. .............................................. = ........................... (meaning)
 1. Lima cangkir plastik untuk es krim
 2. Koin perak baru milik Mary
 3. Rumah batu yang besar dan panjang.
 4.Jendela toko yang sempit dan panjang
 5. Sepatu kulit coklat tua
 6. Sebuah cup lampu berwarna hijau tua
 7. Lagu-lagu cinta baru
 8. Beberapa tiket bis kotor
 9. Semua lapangan sepak bola berbentuk persegi empat
 10. Berita utama surat kabar sore yang menyedihkan
TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH
 1. Perkembangan kurikulum nasional :……………………………………………
 2. Daerah perdagangan bebas asia :…………………………………………….
 3. Kabel fiber bawah tanah :………………………………………………………..
 4. Masyarakat ekonomi :…………………………………………………………….
 5. jaringan technologi canggih :……………………………………………………
 6. pembangkit listrik tenaga surya :…………………………………………………
 7. pembangkit listrik tenaga air laut :……………………………………………….
 8. Kartu indentitas pribadi :……………………………………………………………
 9. Kualitas pelayanan kantor pajak : ……………………………………………….
 DICTIONARY

 Kamus yang lengkap adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Part of speech
noun(n), adjective(adj), verb(v), adverb(adv).
2. Pronunciation (cara baca)
3. Synonym (padan kata)
4. Sentence pattern (pola kalimat)

See dictionary example in your book

Contoh kalimat

 Echo (noun) has a meaning :( 1).sound sent back

 ( 2).a person or thing that copies.

 1. Milicent is only an echo of her husband’s opinion.

 Latihan :
 1. Saya hanya meniru pendapat dosen saya.
 2. Konstruksi bangunan ini hanya meniru konstruksi bangunan sebelumnya.
 3. Konsep bangunan organik hanya meniru kondisi alam.
 4. Perkembangan Teknologi informasi saat ini hanya meniru teknologi sebelumnya.
Latihan

 I am only an echo of my lecturer’s opinion

 The building construction is only an echo of the building construction before
 The organic building concept is only an echo of the natural condition.
 This latest computer model is only an echo of the previous model.
 The research that is published in an article dated september 10, 2013 is only an echo
of the previous article.
 Perhatikan kata kata dibawah ini dan identifikasi (a) Part of speech (b) pronunciation dan
penerapan dalam kalimat.
 1. life
 2. alive
 3. live
 4. live

 Terjemahkan kalimat dibawah ini dalam bahasa Inggris

 1. Saya suka tinggal di desa karena kehidupan pedesaan sangat damai
 2. Saya suka tinggal di kota karena kehidupan perkotaan memberi banyak fasilitas
 3. Dul masih hidup setelah mendapat kecelakaan
 4. Saya tinggal di Malang
 5. Saya tinggal di Malang sudah satu bulan
 6. Saya suka nonton sepak bola pada siaran langsung
 7. Pertunjukan ini telah disiarkan selama satu jam secara langsung dari UK
 A sentence is a group of words that you use to communicate your ideas in
writing or in speech. It is a complete, independent unit of thought and
consists of two main parts: a subject and a predicate
Subject
 The subject is the word or words that names the person, thing, or place that a sentence is about. It is
usually a noun or pronoun.

Predicate
 The predicate makes a statement about the subject. It consists of a verb and its modifiers or
complements. The verb is the most important part of the predicate. It expresses action or state of
being.
Subject and Predicate
Subject
 1. Pronoun ( I, You,We, They, she, he, It)
 2. Proper noun ( nama orang atau nama kota)
 3. Noun phrase ( The old building, a hard worker etc.)

Predicate
 1 Verb ( Regular or Irregular)
 2. To be ( is, am , are)-( was, was, were) – (been)

 Simple sentence terdiri dari : Subject + Predicate

 Atau Subject + Predicate + object
SOME TENSES IN ENGLISH

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE : habitual action

S + V1 + s/es

2. SIMPLE PAST TENSE :past action

S + V2 + past time signal

3. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: in progress

S + TO BE +V1 ing

4. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE : action that started in the past, but still in
progress at the moment of speaking.

S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V1 ing + for/since ...

5. FUTURE TENSE : planning

S + WILL/SHALL/BE GOING TO + V1
A.Simple
B. Compound
C.Complex
 The example :
A. A simple sentence is an independent clause
I enjoy playing tennis with my friends every weekend
I enjoy playing tennis and look forward to it every weekend
B. A compound sentence is two or more independent clauses joined together in any
one of three ways.
1. By a coordinating conjuction.
I enjoy playing tennis, but I hate playing golf.
2. By a sentence connector.
I enjoy playing tennis ;however I hate playing golf.
3. I get along with the English native speakers so I am able to speak English well
4. I did not attend the English class yesterday for I was sick
5. I went to the book store yesterday and I bought some books.
6. I must study hard for my exam, or I will fail
C. A complex sentence is the combination of an independent clause and a
dependent clause. The two clauses may be in either order.

Although I enjoy playing tennis, I hate golf.

I hate golf although I enjoy playing tennis.
 Formula:
 1.Object becomes subject
 2.To be+ verb 3
 3. The same tenses
 to be : is – was - been

am – was - been
are – were - been
e.Q active: Syam buys the motorcycle at the market.
passive: The motorcycle is bought by Syam at the market.

Sam will buy the motorcycle.

The motorcycle will be bought by Sam.
 Passive voice

 Change the following sentence into passive voice

 1. The researcher is collecting the necessary data.

 2. The researcher collects the necessary data.

 3. The researcher collected the necessary data.

 4. The researcher has been collecting the necessary data.

 5. The researcher will collect the necessary data.

 THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH
 1. Mahasiswa harus mendiskusikan artikal baru yang berkaitan dengan
bidangnya.

 2 Jurnal yang berbahasa Inggris dapat diperoleh di berbagai sumber

seperti …………., ………..
 I. Write and translate the following sentences into English.

 1. Kelas dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, kelompok A dan kelompok B.

 2. Kelompok A kemarin diberi banyak latihan,tetapi kelompok B diberi sedikit latihan.

 3. Melalui iklan yang dipublikasikan melalui surat khabar dan majalah disiarkan melalui
radio, ditayangkan melalui televisi, dikirim melaui E- mail, seorang usahawan mencoba
untuk meraih pelanggan pelanggan yang potensial dan membujuknya untuk membeli
produknya .
 1 : Subject And Verbs
 2 : Object of Prepositions
 3 : Present Participles
 4 : Past Participles
 5 : Coordinate Connectors
 6 : Adverb Clause Connectors
 7 : Noun Clause Connectors
 8 : Noun Clause Connector/Subjects
 9 : Adjective Clause Connectors
 10: Adjective Clause Connectors / Subjects
 1 : Subject and Verbs

 A sentence in English must have at least one subject and one verb.
 Example I
.................was ringing continously for hours.
(a). Loudly
(b). In the morning
(c). The phone
(d). The bells
 Example II
Newspapers.................every morning and every evening
(a). Delivery
(b). Are delivered
(c). On time
(d). Regularly
 Example III
The plane.................landing at the airport in five minutes
(a). It is
(b). It really is
(c). Is descending
(d). Will be
EXERCISE 1
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice in each of the
following sentences.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)

Example:
. I (I n c o r r e c t) 1. My best friend always helpful with problems.

. C (C o r r e c t ) 2. The bus schedule has changed since last week.

. 1. Accidentally dropped the glass on the floor.

. 2. The customer paying the clerk for the clothes.

. 3. The proffesor handed the syllabus to the students.

. 4. The new student in the class very talkative and friendly.

. 5. Each day practiced the piano for hours.

 2 : Object of PREPOSITIONS

 A preposition is followed by noun or pronoun, that is called as an object of preposition

 An object of preposition is a noun or pronoun that comes after a preposition such as in, at, of, to, by, behind, and
on to form a prepositional phrase.

The trip (to the island) (on Saturday) will last (for three hours)

 Example :
To Mike.................was a big surprise.
(a). Really
(b). The party
(c). Funny
(d). When
EXERCISE 2
Each of the following sentences contains one or more prepositional
pharases. Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the prepositional phrases that come before the VERB.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)

Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. The name of the baby in the crib is Jack.

. I (I n c o r r e c t ) 2. By the next meeting of the class need to turn in the papers

. 1. The directions to the exercise on page 20 unclear.

. 2. Because of the heavy rain throughout the night, the walkways are muddy.

. 3. In the morning after the concert was tired.

. 4. In a box on the top shelf of the cabinet in the hallway of the house.

. 5. With her purse in her hand ran through the door.

 3 : Present Participles

 A Present Participle is the –ing form of the verb. It can be : (1) part of the verb, when
accompanied by some for of the verb be or (2) an adjective, when it is not accompanied by
some form of the verb be.
 OBSERVE AND COMPARE :

The train is arriving at the station now (VERB)

The train arriving at the station now is an hour late (ADJECTIVE)

 Example :
The film.................appearing at the local theatre is my favourite
(a). Now
(b). Is
(c). it
(d). was
EXERCISE 3
Each of the following sentences contains one or more present
participles. Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the present participles and label them as ADJECTIVE/VERB.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)

Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. The crying * baby needs to be picked up. *(Adj)
. I (I n c o r r e c t ) 2. The clothes are lying on the floor should go into the washing

machine . (Verb)
. 1. The ship is sailing to Mexico is leaving tonight.

. 2. The waitress bringing the steaming soup to the waiting diners.

. 3. Most of the striking workers are walking the picket line.

. 4. For her birthday, the child is getting a talking doll.

. 5. The fast moving clouds are bringin freezing rain to the area.
 4 : Past Participles

 A Past Participle often ends in –ed, but there are also many irregular past participles. For
many verbs, including –ed verbs, the simple past and the past participle are the same and
can be easily confused. The –ed form of the verb can be (1) the simple past, (2) the
past participle of a verb, or (3) an adjective.
 OBSERVE AND COMPARE :

The mailman has left a letter in the mailbox (VERB)

The letter left at the mailbox was for me (ADJECTIVE)

 Example :
The bread ................baked this morning smelled delicious
(a). Has
(b). was
(c). it
(d). just
EXERCISE 4
Each of the following sentences contains one or more past participles.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice. Circle the
past participles and label them as ADJECTIVE/VERB.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)

Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. The plane landed on the deserted* runway. *(Adj)

. I (I n c o r r e c t ) 2. The food is served in this restaurant is delicious. (Verb)

. 1. The unexpected guests arrived just at dinnertime.

. 2. The courses are listed in the catalogue are required courses.

. 3. The teacher found the lost exam.

. 4. The small apartment very crowded and disorganized.

. 5. The locked drawer contained the unworn jewels.

 5 : Coordinate Connectors

 COORDINATE CONNECTORS : and, but, or, so

 When you have two clauses in an English sentence, you must connect them correctly. One
way to connect two clauses is to use the coordinate connectors. Here is the sentence pattern
used with them :
it was raining but Bill went out to play.
S V coor.connector S V

 Example :
I forgot my coat ...............I got very cold.
(a). then
(b). so
(c). later
(d). As a result
EXERCISE 5
Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the CONNECTORS.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)

Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. The lawn needs water every day, or it will turn brown

. I (I n c o r r e c t ) 2. The book was not long, but it difficult to read.

. 1. It was raining, so decided not to go camping.

. 2. The material has been cut, and the pieces have been sewn together.

. 3. The patient took all the medicine, he did not feel much better.

. 4. The furnace broke so the house got quite cold.

. 5. The leaves keep failing off the trees, and the boys kept raking them up,
but the yard was still covered.
 6 :Adverb Clause Connectors

 The following chart lists common adverb connectors and the sentence patterns
used with them.

TIME CAUSE CONDITION CONTRAST

After, as, before, Because, since If, whether Although, even

since, until, when, though, though,
while while

 Example :
..............arrived at the library, he started to work immediately
(a). The student
(b). when
(c). He
(d). After the student
EXERCISE 6
Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the CONNECTORS.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)

Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. After the plane circled the airport, it landed on the main runway

. I (I n c o r r e c t )2. The registration process took many hours since the lines so long.
. 1. This type of medicine can be helpful, it can also have some bad side effect.

. 2. Although the area is a desert many plants bloom there in the springtime.

. 3. We need to get a new car whether is on sale or not.

. 4. If you plan carefully before you take a trip, will have a much better time
because the small details will not cause problems.

. 5. The drivers on the freeway drove slowly and carefully while the rain was
falling heavily because they did not want to have an accident.
 7 :Noun Clause Connectors

 NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS : (a) what, when, where, why, how,

(b) whether, if, and (c) that

 A noun clause is a clause that functions as a noun; because the noun clause functions as a
noun, it can be used in a sentence as an object of a verb (if it follows a preposition).

 Example :
The citizens worry about..............is doing.
(a). What the government
(b). The government
(c). what
(d). What the government it
EXERCISE 7
Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the CONNECTORS.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)

Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. It is unfortunate that the meal is not ready yet.

. I (I n c o r r e c t )2. She told me when should pick up the children.

. 1. The instructor explained where where was the computer lab located.

. 2. This evening you can decide what do you want to do.

. 3. We never know whether we will get paid or not.

. 4. The map showed where the party would be held.

. 5. Can you tell me why was the mail not delivered today ?
 8 :Noun Clause Connectors/Subjects

 NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS /SUBJECT : Who, What, Which

 In here we will see that in some cases noun clause connector is not just a connector; a noun
clause connector can also be the subject of the clause at the same time.

Al told me what happened

S V noun clause connector /S V

 Example :
The company was prepared for.............happened with the economy
(a). It
(b). The problem
(c). What
(d). When
EXERCISE 8
Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the CONNECTORS.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)

Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. The teacher heard who answered the questions.

. I (I n c o r r e c t )2. I do not understand what it went wrong.

. 1. She saw what in the box in the closet.

. 2. We thought about who would be the best vice president.

. 3. Do you know what caused the plants to die ?.

. 4. I am not sure which it is the most important course in the program.

. 5. No one is sure what did it happen in front of the building.

 9 :Adjective Clause Connectors

 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS : Whom (for people), Which (for things),

That (for people or things)
 An adjective clause describes a noun. Because the clause is an adjective, it is positioned
directly after the noun that is describes.

This is the house that I want to buy (Adjective Clause)

The house that I want to buy is quite expensive. (Adjective Clause)

 Example :
The job.............started yesterday was rather difficult.
(a). When
(b). Was
(c). After
(d). That he
EXERCISE 9
Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the CONNECTORS.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)

Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. I did not believe the story that he told me.

. I (I n c o r r e c t )2. Mr Brown, whom did you recommend for the job,

will start work tomorrow.
. 1. The lecture notes which lent me were not clearly written.

. 2.Sally has an appointment with the hair dresser whom you recommended

. 3. The phone number that you gave me.

. 4. She is able to solve all the problems which did she cause.

. 5. Did you forget the promise whom you made?.

10 :Adjective Clause Connectors/Subjects

 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS : Who (for people),Which (for things),

That (for people or things)
 We will see that in some cases an adjective clause connector is not just a connector; an
adjective clause connector can also be the subject of the clause at the same time.

We are looking at a house that is quite expensive.

adjective clause

The house that is quite expensive seems like a great house.

adjective clause
 Example :
............just dropped off a package for you is my sister.
(a). The woman
(b). The woman who
(c). Because the woman
(d). With the woman
EXERCISE 10
Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause.
Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice.
Circle the CONNECTORS.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I)

Example:
. C ( c o r r e c t) 1. The children that were vaccinated did not get sick..

. I (I n c o r r e c t )2. I did not vote for the politician who he just won the election.
. 1. I took two of the blue pills, which were very effective.

. 2.Any student who does not turn in the paper by Friday will fail the course

. 3.After dinner she went to visit her parents, who were living down the street

. 4. The dogs that barking belongs to my neighbor.

. 5. The people who came in late had to sit at the back.

 The Evolution of Computers

In the relatively short span of twenty-five years, there has been an incredible
evolution in size and capabilities of computers. Today computers smaller than
the tip of your fingernail have the same capabilities as the room-sized machines
of twenty-five years ago.
The first computers were developed around 1945. They were so large that they
required special air-conditioned rooms. About twenty years later, in the 1960s,
desk-sized computers were developed. This represented a gigantic advance.
Before the end of that same decade, however a third generation of computers,
which used simple integrated circuits and which were even smaller and faster,
had appeared in 1971, the first microprocessor, less than one square centimeter
in size, was developed. Today, electronic engineers predict that even smaller
and more sophisticated computers will be on the market before the end of this
decade.
 Exercise
 The development of computer
 The first time I know computer in ........
 In .......... ( diisi kondisi komputer yang anda tahu)

 In ...........( diisi perkembangan komputer menurut pengamatan anda )

 Today....... ( bagaimana kondisi perkembangannya )
 Prediksi tahun tahun ke depan
Exercise with the paragraph

 What does the title tell about?

 The title tells about the computer that ……

Rewrite the development:

 In 1945 ( simple sentence)
 In 1960s ( Complex sentence)
 In 1971 ( Simple sentence)
 Today ( Simple sentence)
 Latihan

Terjemahkan dalam bhs Inggris.

 1. Komputer yang dirancang pada abad 19 telah dikembangkan terus menerus
dalam hal kemampuan dan penampilan.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 2. Ir Soekarno adalah president pertama Indonesia yang telah tercatat dalam
sejarah bangsa Indonesia karena
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
 3. Buatlah 2 Noun phrases dan selanjutnya buatlah kalimat complex sentence
( adjective clause dimana connectornya sebagai subject.
Take Home Exam
Submit next week
 1. Find out 4 noun phrases at least 3 words taken from the English journal
and translate into Indonesian.
 2. Make 4 simple sentences by using 4 noun phrases in question no.1 as
subject or object.
 3. Quote 2 simple sentences taken from your English journal and translate
into Indonesian.
 4. quote 2 complex sentences (adjective clause)from the English journal
and the connector as the subject and translate into Indonesian
 Note : Every student has a different English journal and also enclose your
English Journal and also submit your Academic Record.
A. Rewrite your journal’s title then translate it into Indonesian.
B. Find out and quote some points in your journal as follows :
1) Research Objective
2) Research Scope
3) Theoritical Review
4) Research Finding
5) Next, rewrite the quotation above (point 1 to 4) in your own English style.
C. Write your answers on A4 paper
1. Research Objective
Quotation.
The purpose solution is developing a job search system for the construction labors who use
mobile application
1. The purpose solution is developing a job search system for the construction labors
2. they use mobile application
Own sentence:
The research discusses a job search system for the construction workers that use mobile
application

Quotation
The basic aim of this study is to explore most common constructs for quality of banking
services, which influence customer satisfaction.
a. The basic aim of this study is to explore most common constructs for quality of banking
services.
b. Quality of banking services influence customer satisfaction.
Own sentence:
This research discusses about the design of quality of banking services which has side effect of
customer satisfaction.
Your work arrangement should be :

1. COVER Title, Name, Nim, ITN Logo, department, year

2. ANSWER
A. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:
Quotation : ……………………(single space)
Break down the quotation above:
1. …………………. ( double space)
2. …………………. ( double space)
3. …………………. ( double space), etc.
Own sentence: ………………… ( double space)
B. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Quotation : ……………………(single space)
Break down the quotation above:
1. …………………. ( double space)
2. …………………. ( double space)
3. …………………. ( double space), etc.
Own sentence: ………………… ( double space)
C, D, E…
3. Your journal attached
Research objective:
Quotation:
The aim of this paper is to review ITG and provide a taxonomy that informs
Research and practice in both Information Systems IS and AIS, with literature drawn from
Research about IS, AIS, Management Information Systems MIS, and Management
Accounting MA.
Breakdown:

1. The aim of this paper is to review ITG and provide a taxonomy

2. It informs research practice in both Information Systems IS and AIS

3. The literature drawn from research about IS, AIS, Management Information Systems MIS,

and Management Accounting MA.

Own Sentences:

The research discusses ITG and gives the taxonomy that informs research and practice

Inboth Information System IS and AIS taken from research about IS, AIS,

Management Information Systems MIS, and Management Accounting MA.

 Research objective:
The aim of this study is to examine whether strategic planning will assist
business firms to uplift its performance.

 Own sentence:
This research is intended to know whether strategic planning will help
business firms to improve its performance.
THIS STUDY ALSO ANALYSES THE EFFECTOF THE POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION FROM
CERTAIN MEASUREMENT PERIOD ON PEOPLE’S HEALTH WITH REFERENCE TO HEALTH
RELATED STANDARD.

A CASE STUDY IN WHICH THE INFLUENCEES OF TRAFFIC EMISSION TO THIS AREA ARE
INVESTIGATED.

OWN SENTENCE

THIS RESEARCH DISCUSSES THE IMPACT OF POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION FROM CERTAIN

MEASUREMENT PERIOD ON HUMAN’S HEALTH CONCERNING WITH STANDARD.

A CASE STUDY ABOUT TRAFFIC EMISSION THAT INFLUENCE TO THIS AREA ARE
INVESTIGATED.
Research objective : This paper discusses the user acceptance of a
mandatory government-regulated information system.

Breakdown sentence : This paper discusses the user acceptance of

a mandatory government- regulated information system

Own sentence : This study describes all schools in Indonesian must

approve a new mandatory government-regulated information
system.
Prepare orally:

1. How did you get your paragraph?

first…
second…
third…
next…
finally…
2. From which sources do you get your paragraph?
3. What is the content of your paragraph?
A paragraph has two major structural parts : a topic sentence and supporting

sentences. The topic sentence contains the main idea of the paragraph. It consists of

the topic of the paragraph and the limiting statement which limits the topic. Supporting

sentences support and develop the topic sentence. They explain the topic sentence by

giving reasons, examples, facts, statistics, etc.

 It is important to know that a paragraph discusses things related to the

topic. Understanding what a paragraph contains will lead to the understanding

of the topic sentence and the main idea of the paragraph.

In every paragraph there is usually one subject or topic being discussed,

and the topic is expressed by a noun, therefore the noun is called the topic

noun. The topic noun normally appears in several sentences in the paragraph.

There is also smaller groups of nouns in the paragraph that develop or support

the main topic. These nouns are known as supporting nouns.

✓ Example :
Gold is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has beauty that
is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins and
ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain
beautiful forever. The other important characteristics of gold is its usefulness to
industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial
application.

Exercise:
1. Find out the Topic Sentence.
2. Change the Topic Sentence into a complex sentence.
3. Make one Supporting Sentence which support about the “beauty”.
 Exercises
Topic Sentence
 Gold that was found by human million years ago has been adored by humans
because of its two important characteristics.

 In the world, gold has been reputed as a valuable goods because of its two
important characteristics such as the beauty and the usefulness

 The gold which has high value is very expensive because of its two important
characteristics that are beauty and usefulness.
The topic of the paragraph is gold. There will be too many things to put into a single
paragraph if it is not limited. Therefore, the writer limits the topic sentence which is still
general into characteristics of gold. Still, the characteristics are limited into two.
Therefore, the limiting statement of the topic sentences is for two important
characteristics. Given this limitation readers are not supposed to expect that the writer
will discuss something else, for example the price of gold, the history of gold, or gold
mining in the single paragraph. The explanation may be summarized as follows:

Gold is prized for two important characteristics.

Topic or statement which limits the topic
Topic noun
 Example of Topic Sentence in Complex Sentence

 Gold is special material because it has different characteristics with the other such
as beauty and usefulness.

 Gold that has high economic value are valueable things because of two significant
characteristics that are the beauty of gold and its usefulness.
 THE TOPIC SENTENCE

The topic sentence of a paragraph contains the main idea of the

paragraph. Practically every paragraph should have a topic sentence. The
topic sentence of the paragraph is usually included in general statement. It is
always more general and includes more than the details which support it. The
topic sentence contains the thing the paragraph is about; it is the point the
paragraph makes.

Where is the topic sentence placed? It is customarily put in the first

sentence.
 Example :
 Wind is the movement of air over the earth’s surface. This movement is
related to air pressure. Near the earth’s surface the pressure is greater at the
poles than at the equator. Away from the surface it is lower at the poles.
Because of these pressure difference there is a constant flow of air. This is
the main cause of wind. Winds are also deflected by the rotation of the
earth. This deflection is called carioles force.
 PARAGRAPH

Topic sentence

Supporting Sentence
Supporting Sentence Supporting Sentence
Supporting Sentence
Supporting Sentence
Etc.

Topic sentence
Supporting Sentence
Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence
Supporting Sentence
Etc.
Topic
Noun Controlling
Idea

Topic Sentence
Exercises

 Internet that can help your homework and add much friends has the

advantage such as information.

 Internet has the advantage such as information.

 Internet can help your homework and add much friends.

 Computer
Size and
Capability

Computer that greatly assists human work has been

developed in terms of size and capability
Back
 Computer that greatly assists human work has been developed in terms of size and
capability

 In 1945,The large computer needed the special treatment

 In 1960s The large computer development of the third generation which used the
circuit had been available.

 In 1971, The computer expert developed the first small microprocessor.

 Today, The small sophisticated computer will be socialized to the users.

 Computer was designed in a large size.
 It will be developed its technology.

 Computer that was designed in a large size will be developed its

technology.
 Topic noun: SOCIAL MEDIA

Controlling idea:
1. NEGATIVE IMPACT
2. POSITIVE IMPACT

Make the topic sentence in complex sentence and

the supporting sentences
 Supporting sentence

James A Garfield has obtained a lot of good positions during the civil
war that are mayor general, head of Hiram Institute etc.

He also knew well two classical languages that are latin and greek

He is able to write two languages with his lelf and right hand in the same
time
 The occupation that is obtained during civil war is mayor general
 The accupation that James A Garfield obtained was mayor general
 A lecturer that I know well is Mr. addy
 He mastered two languages such as latin and Greek
 Two Languages that he knows are latin and Greek
 The ability in writing two languages with left and right hand in the same
time is the special talent that he owns
 The occupation that he .......
 He is able to ...............................

 The ability in writing two languages in his left and right hand in the same
time is ............ that he owns.
 Rewrite paragraph about James A
Garfield

Three important records such as

James A
occupation, language and
Garfield ability

James a Garfield was the statesman who has been

written in the history of United state because of three
important records such as occupation, language and
ability
FINDING THE MAIN IDEA IN SENTENCE

WH QUESTIONS

WHAT WHO
 FINDING THE DETAIL

WHERE,HOW,WHY, WHAT KIND, ( YOU WILL FIND THE DETAIL)

 A tall girl in a white dress rushed away into the trees just beyond the gate to the Steven Park

 The some steps (to find the main idea or key word)
 1. Ask question by using what (thing) or who ( person)
 2. What does the sentence tell about? Thing or person
 3. Who rushed away ? A tall girl
 4. What does the tall girl do? Rushed away
 5. So you will find : The tall girl rushed away
 6. The final answer : Delete the attribute in the subject or object
 7. The main idea of the sentence : The girl rushed away
 8. The questions : where, why and what kind etc will find the detail
 Exercises
 1. Because of new laws, most foreign automobiles in United States now offer safety features
at no extra charge.
 2. Even teenagers with good driving records pay higher insurance rates than adult.
 3. While the prices have steadily declined, personal computer is expensive for the average
customers.
 4. Neighborhood action groups make a major difference in the quality of life in most cities.
 5. The mayor’ aides canceled a scheduled meeting with an active community group that
supported the mayor’ s reelection.
 6. Although he dislikes overnight trips, John camped in the woods ofHighland Park because
his friend dared him.