Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION
The inplant training program has started from 16thjune 2017 at MAX
Properties Pvt. Ltd, Virattipathu, Madurai. The total training period is 30 days from
16thjune to 22ndjuly 2017. During this training period analysis, design and
estimation of G+1 residential building has been studied.
The training report deals with analysis, design and estimation of a G+1
residential building. The framed building was analysed through STAAD pro. The
design and detailing are worked out manually and compared with the STAAD pro
results.
CHAPTER - 2
NATURE OF WORK
The above details depict the constructed work and schedule for masons.
During this training period my contribution was to calculate the quantity of
construction material.
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CHAPTER - 3
PLANNING
Site planning and design requires the professional to consider a broad range
of concerns in the synthesis of a design concept. There are the physical aspects of
the site itself, the vision or program of the client, the designer’s own creative
inclination, the concept of the community and the interests of the end user. The
zoning requirements are intended to regulate the density and geometry of
development, specifying roadways widths and parking and drainage requirements,
and define natural resource protection areas. A comprehensive understanding and
appreciation of context and the balancing of neighbourhood character and strategic
planning objectives must be the starting point for any design. This requires an
understanding of a proposed development and its relationships to the surrounding
public setting, neighbouring properties, and any identified strategic issue relating to
the site.
Street frontage features such as poles, street trees, and footpath and kerb
crossovers.
The location of shops, public transport services and public open space within
walking distance.
Movement systems through and around the site.
Any other notable features or characteristic of the site or surrounding areas.
Constraints and opportunities such as heritage places.
Current access to direct sunlight in summer and winter.
Reduce/minimize total imperious area.
Demarcate the zone of development.
The total area of the ground floor is 861.37 Sq.ft. It consists of hall, kitchen
and 2 bed room and toilet as shown in figure.
The total area of first floor is 396.40 Sq.ft. It consists of 1 bedroom with
attached toilet as shown in figure.
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CHAPTER – 4
ANALYSIS OF FRAME
The commercial version STAAD Pro is one of the most widely used structural
analysis and design software. It supports several steel, concrete, and timber design
codes.
It can make use of various forms of analysis from the traditional 1st order static
analysis, 2nd order p-delta analysis, geometric non linear analysis or a buckling
analysis. It can also make use of various forms of dynamic analysis from modal
extraction to time history and response spectrum analysis.
In recent years it has become part of integrated structural analysis and design
solutions mainly using an exposed API called open STAAD to access and drive the
program using a VB macro system included in the application or other by including
open STAAD functionality in applications that themselves include suitable
programmable macro systems. Additionally STAAD Pro has added direct links to
applications such as RAM connection and STAAD. Foundation to provide
engineers working with those applications which handle design post processing not
handled by STAAD Pro itself. Another form of integration supported by STAAD
Pro is the analysis schema of the CIM steel Integration Standard, version 2
commonly known as CIS/2 and used by a number modelling and analysis
applications. The frame is analyzed using STAAD Pro. STAAD Pro is the general
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purpose structural analysis and design program with applications primarily in the
building industry, commercial buildings, bridges, highways structures etc. The
purpose of analysis is to determine the bending moment and shear force distribution
at various sections of the structure under any loading conditions. The structure is a
framed structure. A frame consists of beams and columns built monolithically
forming a network. Frame is designed for live load and dead load.
No of floor = G+1
The figure 4.1 shows the 3D model diagram of the building which is of the G+1
building which includes all the column and the beams of the entire building and
then the supports that have been given to the columns and by this basic diagram the
analysis of the beam and column will be executed.
The figure 4.2 shows the 3D rendered view diagram of the building which is of the
G+1 building which includes all the column and the beams of the entire building
and by this basic diagram the analysis of the beam and column will be executed.
11
The figure 4.3 and 4.4 shows the beam and the column design of the building
according to the recommended codes using the STAAD Pro software and mainly it
shows the diameter of the rods to be provided in the column and the beams at the
corresponding spacing and also the geometry, deflection, shear, deflection can be
known.
13
The figure 4.5 shows the 3D deflection diagram of the building which is of the
G+1 building which includes all the column and the beams of the entire building
with the support condition and it mainly shows the deflection of the building after
loading,
14
The figure 4.6 shows the 3D bending moment diagram of the building which is of
the G+1 building which includes all the column and the beams of the entire building
with the support condition and it mainly shows the bending moment of the building
after loading .
15
The figure 4.7 shows the 3D Shear force diagram of the building which is of the
G+1 building which includes all the column and the beams of the entire building
with the support condition and it mainly shows the shear force of the building after
loading.
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CHAPTER – 5
STRUCTURAL MEMBER
5.1 BEAM
Simply supported – a beam supported on the ends which are free to rotate
and have no moment resistance.
Fixed – a beam supported on both ends and restrained from rotation.
Over hanging – a simple beam extending beyond its support on one end.
Double overhanging – a simple beam with both ends extending beyond its
support on both ends.
Continuous –a beam extending over more than two supports.
Cantilever –a projecting beam fixed only at one end.
Trussed – a beam strengthened by adding a cable or rod to form a truss.
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L=3.27m
B=0.23m
D=0.23m
𝑓𝑦 =500N/𝑚𝑚2
Span/depth=10
3270/depth=10
d =327mm≅330mm
D=d+30
=330+30
D=360mm
=3.27+0.33
=3.6m
Dead load=0.23x0.23x25
=1.323KN/𝑚2
=6.48 KN/𝑚2
M=W𝑙2 /8
= (6.48x3.272 ) / 8
M=8.67 KNm
V=Wl/2
= (6.48x3.27)/2
V= 10.60KN
m=280/3𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐
=280/ (3x7)
m=13.33
n =0.253
j=1-(n/3)
=1-(0.253/3)
j =0.915
Q = (1/2) 𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 nj
19
= (1/2)x7x0.253x0.915
Q=0.81
M=Qb𝑑 2
d=215mm<330mm (𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜 )
Hence safe
=8.67x106 / (275x0.916x330)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 =104.3𝑚𝑚2
n =𝐴𝑠𝑡 /𝑎𝑠𝑡
𝑎𝑠𝑡 =201.06
n =1.08≅2 No’s
𝜏𝑣 =𝑉𝑢 /bd
= (10.60x103 )/ (230x330)
𝜏𝑣 =0.139N/𝑚𝑚2
pt % = (100𝐴𝑠𝑡 pro)/ bd
𝜏𝑐 =0.28N/𝑚𝑚2
20
𝜏𝑣 <𝜏𝑐
Hence safe
Step 8: Spacing
100.53/230𝛿𝑣 =0.4/0.87x500
𝛿𝑣 =475mm≅300mm
5.2 COLUMN
Columns are vertical compression members used to transfer the loads of the
structures to the foundation below
𝑃𝑢 =136.5KN
𝑀𝑢𝑦 =3.27KNm
𝑀𝑢𝑥 =2.37KNm
21
b =230mm
D=230mm
𝑒𝑥 =𝑀𝑢𝑥 /𝑃𝑢
= (2.39x106 )/ (136.5x103 )
𝑒𝑥 =17.51mm
𝑒𝑦 =𝑀𝑢𝑦 /𝑃𝑢
= (3.27x106 )/ (136.5x103 )
𝑒𝑦 =23.95mm
= 136.5x (23.95x10−3 )
𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑛 =3.26KNm
𝑒𝑦 >20mm
d’=30mm
d’/D=30/230=0.13≅0.15
= 0.13
22
= 0.01
P/𝑓𝑐𝑘 =0.02
P=0.02x20
P=0.4%
𝐴𝑠𝑡 =pbD/100
= (0.8x230x230)/100
n = 𝐴𝑠𝑡 /𝑎𝑠𝑡
𝑎𝑠𝑡 = 314.15mm2
n =1.34≅2 No’s
P/𝑓𝑐𝑘 =0.8/20
=0.04
𝑀𝑢𝑥1 = 0.07x20x230x2302
𝑀𝑢𝑥1 =17.03KNm
23
y =d’/b=30/230=0.13≅0.15
𝑀𝑢𝑦1 =17.03KNm
𝛼𝑛 =𝑝𝑢 /𝑝𝑢𝑧
𝐴𝑔 =𝐴𝑐 +𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝐴𝑔 =230x230
230x230=𝐴𝑐 +423.2
𝐴𝑐 =52478𝑚𝑚2
𝑝𝑢𝑧 = 630.99KN
𝛼𝑛 = (216.3/630.99)
𝛼𝑛 =0.02
𝛼𝑛 =1
0.589<1
Hence safe
24
𝑃𝑢 =436.51KN
𝑀𝑢𝑦 =1.3KNm
𝑀𝑢𝑥 =1.05KNm
b =230mm
D=230mm
𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 =15.65mm
𝑒𝑥 =𝑀𝑢𝑥 /𝑃𝑢
= (1.05x106 )/ (436.51x103 )
𝑒𝑥 = 2.405mm
d’=30mm
d’/D=30/230=0.13≅0.15
=0.412
=0.004
P/𝑓𝑐𝑘 =0.02
P=0.02x20
P=0.4%
𝐴𝑠𝑡 =pbD/100
= (0.8x230x230)/100
𝐴𝑠𝑡 =423.2𝑚𝑚2
n =𝐴𝑠𝑡 /𝑎𝑠𝑡
𝑎𝑠𝑡 =113𝑚𝑚2
n =3.8≅4 No’s
P/𝑓𝑐𝑘 =0.8/20
=0.04
𝑀𝑢𝑥1 = 0.07x20x230x2302
𝑀𝑢𝑥1 = 17.03KNm
y =d’/b=30/230=0.13≅0.15
𝑀𝑢𝑦1 =17.03KNm.
5.3 SLAB
Slabs, used in floors and roofs of buildings mostly integrated with the
supporting beams, carry the distributed loads primarily by bending. Slabs are
generally classified into one way slab and two way slabs
When a slab is spanning in one direction it is designed as one way slab and
when it spans in two directions it is designed as two way slab. It is to be decided
whether a slab to be designed as one way or two way slab based on IS456-2000.
As per guideline, slabs whose ratio of longer span (ly) to the shorter span (lx)
is more than two are considered as one way slabs.
𝑙𝑥 =4.80m; 𝑙𝑦 =5.18m
Step 1: 𝒍𝒚 /𝒍𝒙
=5.18/4.80
=1.08<2
27
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝑙𝑥 /25
=4800/25
=192≅200mm
D =d+15+ (Φ/2)
=200+15+ (10/2)
=220mm
=5 m
=5.03m
Take, 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 =5 m
Dead load=0.15x25
=3.75KN/𝑚2
Floor finish=1KN/𝑚2
Total load=8.25KN/𝑚2
𝟐
𝑀𝒖𝒙 =𝛼𝒙 𝑊𝒖 𝑙𝒆𝒇𝒇
𝟐
𝑀𝒖𝒚 = 𝛼𝒚 𝑊𝒖 𝑙𝒆𝒇𝒇
𝑙𝑦 /𝑙𝑥 =1.08
𝜶𝑥 =0.0716
𝜶𝑦 =0.0612
𝑀𝑢𝑥 =0.0716x13.375x52
=23.94KNm
𝑀𝑢𝑦 =0.0612x13.37x52
=20.46KNm
𝐴𝑠𝑡 =285.36𝑚𝑚2
𝑎𝑠𝑡 = 78.53𝑚𝑚2
= (78.53/285.36) x 1000
Spacing=275.2≅200mm
Max spacing
29
1)3d=3x130=290
2)300mm
d =200-10=190mm
𝐴𝑠𝑡 =256.18𝑚𝑚2
= (0.12/100) x1000x220
= (50/264) x 1000
Spacing=180mm
𝜏𝑣 =𝑉𝑢 /bd
= (13.375x5)/2
𝑉𝑢 =33.44KN
𝜏𝑣 = (33.44x103 )/ (1000x200)
𝜏𝑣 =0.167N/𝑚𝑚2
30
pt % =(100𝐴𝑠𝑡 pro)/bd
= (79/200) x 1000
%pt=0.196
𝜏𝑐 =0.32N/𝑚𝑚2
𝜏𝑐 <𝜏𝑣
Hence safe
(𝑙/𝑑)𝑝𝑟𝑜 <(𝑙/𝑑)𝑚𝑎𝑥
(𝑙/𝑑)𝑝𝑟𝑜 = (4800/200) = 24
𝑓𝑠 =253.94
(𝑙/𝑑)𝑚𝑎𝑥 =20x1.6=32
(𝑙/𝑑)𝑝𝑟𝑜 <(𝑙/𝑑)𝑚𝑎𝑥
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1. When there is a layer of weak soil at the surface. This layer cannot support
the weight of the building, so the loads of the building have to bypass this
layer and be transferred to the layer of stronger soil or rock that is below the
weak layer.
2. When a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high rise
structure, bridge, or water tank.
Ultimate load=1.5*423.76
=635.64KN
Fy =500N/mm2
b) LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENTS
Pu = [0.4*fck*Ag+(0.67fy-0.4fck) Asc]
635.64*10^3=(0.4*20*(π/4*2302)+[(0.67*500)-(0.4*20)]Asc
635.64*10^3=332.4*10^3+327Asc
Asc =927mm2
32
=(1.25/100)*( π /4*2302)
=519.34mm2
c) LATERAL REINFORCEMENT:
=39000mm3
=52900p/mm3
39000 =[(0.2/100)*52900p]
P =368mm
=230/2 =115mm
=249.28mm3
=90mm
P = circumference of spiral/249.28
= (π*90*50)/249.28
=56.71mm
Provide 8mm dia spiral @ a pitch of 55mm for a length of 690mm near the pile
head, the spiral is enclosed inside of the main reinforcement.
P = 156mm
Provide 8mm dia ties @150mm centres for a distance of 690mm from the end of the
pile both @top and bottom.
Provide spacer forks in pairs of steel using 25mm dia bar spacers
@1500mm centres. Provide 32mm dia holes @1500mm from ends.
34
S.no Member Beam Length Breadth Depth Max Axial Ast req
no. M M m Moment force Sq.mm
kNm KN
Beam at
Top:816.98
1 GF roof 44 4.34 0.23 0.23 54.03
Bot:738.49
level
Beam at FF Top:386.87
2 80 3.28 0.23 0.23 13.885
roof level Bot:163.01
Uniaxial
3 35 3 0.23 0.23 436.508 1331.06
column
Biaxial
4 31 3 0.23 0.23 223.716 1143.7
column
Two way
5 3.05 4.49 0.15 242
slab
CHAPTER-6
325.79 cu.ft
8 R.C.C.Column 1:1.5:3 upto
lintel
using 20mm size jelly and
66.94
Tor steel.
cu.ft
Column 17.00 0.75 0.75 7.00 66.94
9 Brick work in cm 1:6, 9”tk
upto lintel using 1st class
chamber bricks.
Outer walls alround 1.00 115.00 0.75 7.00 603.75
Inner wall 1.00 10.25 0.75 7.00 53.81
Inner wall 1.00 16.25 0.75 7.00 85.31
Inner wall 1.00 16.25 0.75 7.00 85.31
Inner wall 1.00 10.00 0.75 7.00 52.50
4.5" inner wall 1.00 6.63 0.38 7.00 17.62
4.5" inner wall 1.00 4.88 0.38 7.00 12.97
738.68
Deduction
Cu.ft
D/f MD-Main Door -1.00 3.50 0.75 7.00 -18.38
D-1 -2.00 3.00 0.75 7.00 -31.50
D-2 -2.00 2.50 0.75 7.00 -26.25
W-1 -1.00 5.25 0.75 4.50 -17.72
W-2 -4.00 3.50 0.75 4.50 -47.25
KW -2.00 3.50 0.75 3.00 -15.75
Opening -1.00 3.00 0.75 7 -15.75
738.68
10 P.C.C 1:4:8 for Flooring
concrete.
Bed room 1 1.00 10.00 11.00 0.42 46.20
kitchen cum Dining 1.00 6.25 16.25 0.42 42.66
38
332.12 cu.ft
14 R.C.C Roof slab 1:1.5:3
5”tk using 20mm size jelly
661.13
and Tor steel.
cu.ft
GF area 1.00 20.50 32.25 661.13
15 First floor column upto 8.00 0.75 0.75 7.00 31.50
31.50c.ft
lintel
first floor brick work upto
16 lintel
618.59
Outer walls alround 1.00 115.00 0.75 7.00 603.75
cu.ft
Inner wall 1.00 17.00 0.75 7.00 89.25
primer
ENGINEER
steel.
15 First floor column upto lintel 31.5 400 Cu.ft 12600
16 first floor brick work upto
77.11 200 Cu.ft 15422
lintel
17 First floor lintel concrete 11.61 400 Cu.ft 4644
18 First floor column upto roof
261.5 400 Cu.ft 104600
level
19 first floor brick upto roof 286.75 200 Cu.ft 57350
20 First floor roof slab concrete 476 200 Cu.ft 95200
21 Weathering course with
broken brick jelly concrete
mixed with lime & top laying 24.5 100 Sq.ft 2450
pressed tiles set in CM (1:3)
mix including open terrace
22 supplying and fixing teak
wood door &window frame
with paneled shutters 268.63 1100 Sq.ft 295493
including all fittings
etc.,complete
23 supplying and fixing country
wood door &window frame
with paneled shutters 579.31 450 Sq.ft 260689.5
including all fittimgs etc.,
complete
24 Floor finishing with marble
flooring with all completely 1388.63 120 Sq.ft 166635.6
etc.,
25 ceiling plastering in cm 1:3 ,
127.32 50 Sq.ft 6366
1/2"tk with smooth plaster
26 wall plastering in cm 1:5, 467.47 45 Sq.ft 21036.15
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CHAPTER -7
DISCUSSION
This practical training was helpful to develop and gain lot of knowledge
about the calculation of the construction material quantity, analysis and design
aspects of structural elements. The analysis and design of the G+1 building has been
done with respect to the codal recommendation. It is helpful to understand the
STAAD Pro results and then the whole quantity of different items of a project such
as steel, concrete, etc., had been estimated during training. Through this work we
were now in a position to easily arrive at the quantities of materials that are required
for construction of concrete structures.
All the information gathered during the training will be useful in the future.
50
REFERENCE