MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING OF PV

SYSTEM UNDER PARTIAL SHADING

CONDITION

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

 Prof. S M Jaanaki
Ashika R Dheeraj Patil
dept. of EEE
dept. of EEE dept. of EEE
MVJ College of Engineering
MVJ College of Engineering MVJ College of Engineering
Bangalore,India
Bangalore,India Bangalore,India
jaanaki.sm@mvjce.edu.in
ashika3105@gmail.com patildheeraj333@gmail.com
Ganapriya R
Sinchana P
dept. of EEE
dept. of EEE
MVJ College of Engineering
MVJ College of Engineering
Bangalore,India
Bangalore,India
ganapriya.apr3@gmail.com
sinchana48ujire@gmail.com
Abstract— Over decades
renewable resources such
as photovoltaic systems
have been used, which
focus on new growing
power generation. Today
cost and efficiency is the
major factors of concern
in order to harness and
use these natural
resources in a better
possible way. Thus the
concept of maximum
(MPPT) has developed.
Irrespective of continuous
changes in temperature
and irradiation maximum
power point tracker plays
an important role in
tracking power from
photovoltaic system. The
Major challenge that the
photovoltaic system goes
through partial Shading
even when PV panel is
partially shaded what is
the maximum power that
can be tracked so that ,the
output power and
efficiency is boosted .
MATLAB software is
used to implement the p
and o algorithm under
partial condition under
different irradiation and
change in environmental
condition.
Keyword-Maximum power
tracking(MPPT),Partial
shading and perturb and
observe (P&O)
Algorithm.
1 Introduction:
Non-renewable energy
resources such as fossil
fuels are the main fuel for
the generation of thermal
power, which gets
exhausted eventually over
decades. Most of the
renewable energy can be
taken directly or indirectly
from sun which is freely
available in nature is free of
cost, which never exhaust.
As a one step ahead,
alternative of conventional
energy are the non-
conventional energy
sources, also called as
renewable energy .solar is
an ultimate source of
energy, photovoltaic system
transforms solar energy into
electrical energy.
The fundamental unit or
device of thus photovoltaic
system is PV cell. PV cell
is a semiconductor device
which converts light energy
into electrical energy. PV
cells of identical
characteristics are wired
together to create a module
in order to obtain desired dc
output. When these cells
are connected in series the
voltage will add while the
current remains constant
similarly when the cells are
connected in parallel the
current will add while the
voltage remains constant.
The more solar panel are
connected together to form
the PV array. The
performance of PV array is
mainly on three factors
temperature; irradiance is
the two important factors
that affect the output of the
pv array.
Partial shading on PV
system is serious issue for a
pv array. Uniform radiation
of PV panel is not possible
in all times because of
buildings, tree shades,
atmosphere fluctuation,
existence of clouds.as
shading changes open
circuit voltage and short
circuit current varies.
Under partial shading,
when cells are shaded,
reduction in power will be
proportional to area of
shaded cell.
2 Block Diagram :
Solar panel is a device
which is used convert
source of light Into
electricity .the output of the
panel is connected to both
Mppt and the dc- dc boost
converter .when both
current source and voltage
source from the panel is
given to the boost
converter.in order to boost
up the voltage the pulses
are required which is taken
from the mppt and
connected to the switch of
the converter and boosted
voltage is taken across the As the cell temperature
load. During the partial increase the short circuit
shading condition the current also increases
uniform radiation is not slowly while the open
possible so the output of the circuit voltage decreases
module will be reduced and .This light intensity
power is also reduced .thus dependent current source
reduced power from the is proportional to the cell
solar panel is tracked from temperature and solar
Mppt and dc- dc boost irradiation which is
converter this voltage under expressed as
partial shading and it is
given to load.
=
(2)
The saturation current of
the cell increase with
increasing in the
temperature of the cell, it is
expressed as
= exp (
Figure 1. Block diagram
)
(3)
3. Solar Panel Modeling : Where,
This is the complete model = Photocurrent
of pv cell, which consists
light intensity dependent
current source in = short circuit current of
cell at and 100 w/
parallel
The terminal current which Tref = Reference
is obtained from the temperature in kelvin
equivalent circuit can be
written as Tc = Absolute temperature
of the cell in kelvin
m= ideality factor of the
diode
q = electron charge
(1.602*1O-19C)
Figure 2. Equivalent
circuit of PV cell = Saturation current
K = Boltzmann’s constant
(1.3022e-23j.kl\-1)
I= I = - [ – 1]
E = Band gap energy of the
– [ ]
semiconductor(1.1)
(1)

PV cells of identical
characteristics are wired
together to create a module
in order to obtain desired dc
output .when these cells are
connected in series the
voltage will add while the
current remains constant
The performance of PV
array is mainly dependent
on three factors
temperature, irradiance and
Shading. Temperature and
irradiance are the two
important factors that
effects the output of the of
PV array.
As this cell temperature
increases the short circuit
current increases slowly
while open circuit voltage
decreases rapidly and
power output will decrease
as well.
4 DC-DC BOOST
CONVERTER:
Boost converter is a step-
up converter that steps up
input voltage to its load by
switched, mode power
supply. It contains at least
two semiconductors (diode,
transistors) and at least one
energy storage element
(capacitor, inductor or
combination of both).
Figure 3. Basic circuit of
the DC-DC Boost converter
4.1 Working:
Working is divided into 2
types what if the switch is
on and what if switch is off.
Case (i): when Switch is on
Supply voltage will charge
the inductor and current
flows corresponding to
time. The inductor will If is high it across it power is
charge in the polarity plus transferred to the load,
to minus .As switch is on may lead to hence electrical energy is
the circuit will be short sensitive to EMI. generated.
circuited thus output As this solar panel is an
voltage is zero. 3. Capacitor ≥ current source, source will
Case (ii): when Switch is be available to deliver the
off maximum power to the
Inductor will reverse its load, if the load resistance
polarity and current will is equal to source resistance
flow by the supply as well than only we can track the
as inductor. ultimately = ripple maximum power.
voltage appearing across There are different types of
voltage .
the load will be due to mppt control methods in
supply voltage and inductor order to improve the
voltage. As capacitor and efficiency of solar energy.
There are many algorithms
load is parallel that perform mppt. At
= +
different points on solar
(4) varies from 1
panel irradiance vary, this
% to 5%. If we leads to multiple local
The ON- OFF period of
maxima. The mppt
switch is defined by pulse reduce ripple in
algorithm used here is
width modulation (PWM). output voltage
perturb and observe
further the size algorithm.
and cost of the
capacitor will
increase we keep it
1% of voltage
5.1 Perturb and observe:
across the
capacitor
= 1% of .
4.2 Design parameter :
4. Rated Power
= ripple
P=
current
R=
Consider the rating of
converter to be
5. MPPT:
1. Duty ratio(D) = 1
Solar energy is freely
- × available in the earth
atmosphere but harnessing
2. Inductor L ≥ this energy is difficult, that
is main goal of mppt.
In case of photovoltaic
module, there is one single
point with respect to time
and then point has to be
Vary from 20 tracked and see operation
point of pv modules lies Figure 4. Flowchart of Perturb
% - 40% and Observe (P&O) method
nearer or at that point ,this
If is very low is called as maximum
This method works by
power point tracking.
it may lead to varying the system by
Solar panel works on
unstable increasing or decreasing the
photovoltaic, whenever a
PV module operating
operation . light of particular frequency
voltage and observing the
falls on the solar cell,
output power by the
voltage is generated and
module.
when load is connected
.It is easy to implement as different environmental
only voltage is sensed and condtions,” 2016
varied. System output is International Conference on
observed and input voltage the Industrial and
is varied accordingly. On Commerical Use of Energy
increasing the voltage (V), (ICUE).
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steps are repeated till shading conditions,” in
maximum power point is 2014 IEEE PES T D
reached 6. Conclusion: Conference and Exposition,
2014,pp. 1-5.
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6.1. Simulation Results: [5] Femia, N.; Petrone, G.;
than temperature.
Spagnuolo, G.; Vitelli, M.; ,
2) Output power of “Optimization of perturb
This section shows the
simulation results where P the shaded cells decreases and observe maximum
&0 algorithm is hence causes the global and power point tracking
implemented. . local maximum peaks in method ,” Power
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by the array configuration 2005.
and shading
patterns.Therefore [6] Young-Hyok Ji; Doo-
conventional pertubation Jung; Chung-Yuen Won;
and observation (P&O) Byoung-Kuk Lee; Jin-
based MPPT techniques Wook Kim; , “Maximum
precisely locate maximum power point tracking
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[7] Ishaque, K.; Salam,

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