KU1164

Pengantar SDME

Program Studi Teknik Geofisika

Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan dan Perminyakan
Institut Teknologi Bandung
2017
 Tujuan
Memperkenalkan GEOFISIKA sebagai
salah satu elemen / aspek dalam Ilmu
Kebumian, dan perannya dalam
 pemahaman fenomena alam
 mitigasi bencana kebumian
 eksplorasi sumberdaya alam
 Apa GEOFISIKA itu ?
Aplikasi teori / konsep FISIKA untuk
mempelajari BUMI
(khususnya bagian bumi padat)

 Solid Earth Geophysics

 Applied Science
 GEOLOGY

BIOLOGY

PHYSICS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY

Ruang Lingkup GEOFISIKA
Instrumentasi

Fisika

Komputasi Observasi
 Basic PHYSICS MATHEMATICS GEOLOGY
Knowledge (ca 20%)

GEOPHYSICS
Managerial skills Environmental &
+ & +
& social science risk assessment
GEOPHYSICAL ENGINEERING
(humaniora)

COMPETENCY
Cekungan Sedimen Tersier Indonesia
100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140

-5

-10

cekungan berproduksi (16) cekungan sudah dibor belum ada penemuan,

perlu eksplorasi (13)
cekungan dengan penemuan, perlu
eksplorasi dan pengembangan (9) cekungan belum dibor, perlu
eksplorasi (22)
INDONESIAN GEOTHERMAL CURRENT STATUS
 265 geothermal areas
 Geothermal potency: 28170 MW
 Resources: 13440 MW
 Reserves: 14730 MW
 7 (seven) existed power plant, total capacity:1194 MW

Development Plant:

Development Plan until 2014:

Capacity increment (MW), Year Total additional

Area capacity (MW)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 in 2014
Jawa Bali 5 - 330 445 1240 2137
Other Islands 65 158 698 295 1380 2596
Indonesia 70 158 1028 740 2620 4733
(Source: Praptono, 2009, op. cit. Saptadji, 2011)
When the rising hot water and steam is trapped in permeable and porous rocks
under a layer of impermeable rock, it can form a geothermal reservoir
Many areas have accessible geothermal resources, especially countries along the circum-Pacific "Ring of
Fire," spreading centers, continental rift zones and other hot spots.
Steaming Ground (Philipines)
Application of Geophysical Methods in tunneling
Developing geophysical Instrumentation
Studi Kasus  Geo-Radar
Pencitraan ruang bawah tanah, San Juan Cathedral, Puerto Rico :
Studi Kasus
Nanao City Castle, Ishikawa Ken, Japan :
Studi Resistivity
– Presence of certain metallic ores
• Especially metallic ores
– Temperature of the subsurface
• Geothermal energy!
– Presence of archeological features
– Amount of groundwater present

A resistivity profile
Studi Lapangan
STUDI TOMOGRAFI
Interpretasi Tomogram
Gempa 9.2 Mw Sumatra
26 Desember 2004

Slab lempeng samudera Hindia

(Widiyantoro, 2005)
Anticlinal Theory

Petroleum Accumulates in Structural Closure

Gas
Oil
Water
The Petroleum Geologist/Geophysics - A Detective

• Predicts where oil and gas occurs by ‘remote sensing’

• Uses tools to gather data
gravity and magnetics
rock distribution and properties
geophysical imaging
computer processing
& visualization

• Uses concepts to develop models: Anticlinal theory and

petroleum systems
• Makes economic analysis and recommends drilling
The Role Of Geophysics In Oil Exploration

Geophysics

Location of Drilling Point

Reduce Operation Cost

 Exploration and Production :
Oil Traps
• Some rocks are permeable
Impermeable and allow oil and gas to freely
pass through them

• Other rocks are impermeable

and block the upward passage
of oil and gas

• Where oil and gas rises up

into a dome (or anticline)
capped by impermeable rocks
it can’t escape. This is one
type of an Oil Trap.

Dome Trap
Permeable
90% of the
world’s oil
and gas
has been
found in
anticlines
But faults
make
good
traps
Thrust faults in
the Foothills are
elusive but
effective traps.
E.g. Turner Valley
and Jumping
Pound
Ancient coral
reefs are
good too !!
How it works…
Seismic Imaging of Anticline

Vibrator Truck
Recording Truck (Energy Source)
Geophone
(Receivers)

Returning
Sound Waves

American Petroleum Institute,

1986
 Figure courtesy of Industrial Vehicles

Figure courtesy of Dawson Geophysical, Oct 93, TLE

Figures courtesy of Brian Russell
Marine seismic operations
 Airguns Streamer

For offshore surveys

the seismic sensors
are installed in long
streamers behind a
boat. Airguns serve
as the energy source.

Figure courtesy of Veritas

It’s a 3D world…
Seismic Image of Anticline

1000
Milliseconds

2000

3000
1 km
Terima Kasih