A

Project Based Seminar Report

On

“Self-Powered Water Monitoring System ”

Submitted to the
Savitribai Phule Pune University

In partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
Information Technology
By

Manasi Pathak
[Exam seat No T150608518]

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Yugashree Bhadane

Department Of Information Technology

Dhole Patil College Of Engineering
DHOLE PATIL COLLEGE ENGINEERING, PUNE-412207 (India)
Academic year 2018-19
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project based seminar report entitled “ Self-Powered Wa-
ter Monitoring System ”being submitted by Manasi Pathak (T150608518) is a
record of bonafide work carried out by her under the supervision and guidance Prof.
Yugashree Bhadane in partial fulfillment of the requirement for TE (Information
Technology Engineering) 2015 course of Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune in
the academic year 2018-2019

Date : .........................
Place : .........................

Seminar Guide H.O.D

Prof. Yugashree Bhadane Prof. Rahul.Ghode

This project-based seminar report has been examined by us as per the Savitribai Phule
Pune University, Pune, requirements at Dhole Patil College of Engineering on . . . . .
. . . . . . ..

Name & Sign Name & Sign

Internal Examiner External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of report on Self-Powered Water Monitoring System has given

me immense pleasure and knowledge. I am sincerely thankful to Principal Dr. N.
Walimbe , Prof. Rahul.Ghode our head of the IT Department, project based seminar
guide Prof. Yugashree Bhadane and project based seminar in charge Prof. Rahul
Ghode who have cooperated with me at different stages during the preparation of this
report.

My sincere thanks to the staff of Information Technology Department without whose

help it would not have been possible for me to complete this report. This work is
virtually the result of inspiration given by them.

I would also like to thank all the library and non teaching staff for their help and last
but not least, I would like to thank all my friend for their constant help and support.

Manasi Pathak
 ABSTRACT

The smart management water for maximum use and minimum wastage is essential
for reducing the water crisis that the world faces today, all the while contributing
to environmental sustainability. The intense use of technologies offers a means for
providing the exact amount of water needed for each purpose and use and not a drop
more. To appraise the IOT based water management, it can be ramified as diligent,
frugal for water management in a symbiotic parity way, which will constrict the water
resource evenly according to the in-situ factors. The system consists of an IoT device
that can be installed at any water source, a cloud application to receive the data from
the devices, and a mobile app to visualize the water consumption at every monitored
source.

ii
Contents

Certificate I

Acknowledgement i

Abstract ii

List of Figures 1

LIST Of FIGURES 1

1 INTRODUCTION TO WATER MANAGEMENT BASED ON IOT 2

1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Aim and Objective(s) of the work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Introduction to Self-Powered Water Monitoring System . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4.1 Aim and Objectives of Seminar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 5

3 SELF-POWERED WATER MONITORING SYSTEM 7

3.1 The Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2.1 The Cloud Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2.2 The Mobile Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4 CONCLUSION 13
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

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List of Figures

3.1 WaCoMo system architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.2 Monitoring Device Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.3 The setup needed to perform the verification experiment . . . . . . . 11

3.4 Flow rate against power generated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.5 Current consumed by wireless module over time . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.6 Mobile application interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION TO WATER MANAGEMENT BASED ON IOT

1.1 Introduction
Nearly the third quarterly portion of the earth which estimates upto 71per portion of it
is covered with water. But out of which only 0.08per fresh water is available for human
purposes and for living beings . When water availability is less than 1,000 cubic meter per
person per day water stress occurs. Culmination of huge and increasing population and
evenly increasing demands for water and uneven accessing to it is the main cause of water
scarcity. With this thought, the project focuses, explicitly, on monitoring the usage of water.
As monitoring will help further for controlling and distributing the water resource evenly
according to the region and availability of resource as per area. For this in this project,
ideally monitoring the usage of water by particular house block and sending this data to
cloud through IOT (Internet of things) space. And getting the update of usage of water
through cloud to the mobile application. The mobile application update helps in controlling
the usage of water, as the user will understand whether he reached to the limitation of usage
and if so , he can take the required steps to minimize any more usage.

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1.2 Motivation
Access to water is a fundamental human right. The need to take care of global freshwater
resources, to achieve universal access to drinking water and sanitation and to prepare for
water-related disasters is absolutely the need of the moment. The reason for working on
this project is something as basic as the knowledge that there would be no life without water
and that at the moment IOT is the best way to manage and conserve our water resources
and furthermore it also helps in the most efficient usage and maximum utilization of water.

1.3 Aim and Objective(s) of the work

As sustainable water management is designated integrated covering of all artificial and
natural water circulations under consideration of three essential aims:

• Long-term protection of water as the environment or as central element of our envi-

ronment

• Water provision in its various forms as the resource for present as well as for future
generations

• Accessing preferred rights for sustainable natural, economic and social development.

Now as we know use of technology increases the output and decreases the effort and human
error , the maximized use of IOT to manage water can produce the following outcomes that
may prove to belief changing for the field of water management :-

1. To use Internet of Things in water management is the reduction in energy pricing and
consumption. Keeping in mind the goal of meeting the water requirements in a city.

2. To give Predictive analytics can be used to calculate the price of energy during dif-
ferent hours in a day.

3. To use IOT for scheduling the pumps throughout a day in such a way that there is no
loss of unnecessary energy or resources.

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1.4 Introduction to Self-Powered Water Monitoring Sys-

tem
In today’s ever-growing industrial prowess, the global water reserve is perpetually becom-
ing sparse. The usable water resources on earth are limited. In fact, 99.7per of the planet
water is unusable by humans unless it goes through costly an environmentally-harmful pro-
cedures. This system proposes a novel and smart self-powered water monitoring system
with the help of IOT and Cloud computing. This system is named as WaCoMo i.e. Water
Consumption Monitor and this system consists of a hardware device and mobile app. The
hardware is used to monitor the water which is connected to the cloud to further carry on
the calculation and the prediction based on the developed algorithms

1.4.1 Aim and Objectives of Seminar

• Preservation and Protection of Our Natural Resources: Conserving water can

help preserve our natural resources. Conserving water means more water is available
to serve additional water needs, as well as for wildlife and recreation.

• Saving Money for Our Citizens and Our Community :Conserving water can re-
duce the amount of money spent each month for household water use

• Insuring the Reliability of Our Water Supply : Water conservation can positively
affect the reliability of our water supply during periods of high demands (such as the
summer months) and during droughts.

• Use of IOT to maximize efficient utilization of water.

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Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

[1 ]Paper Title: ”IOT based Water Management”.

Publish Year:March,2017

Rescorces/Facilities Used:

– Water resources,

– Cloud computing,

– Internet of Things,

– Mobile applications,

– Magnetic sensors,

– Rotors

[2 ]Paper Title: ”Smart water management using IOT”.

Publish Year:2016

Rescorces/Facilities Used:

– Wireless fidelity

– Cloud computing,

– Internet of Things,

– Mobile applications,

– Magnetic sensors

– Pins

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[3 ]Paper Title: ” Use of Self-Powered water Monitoring System ”.

Publish Year:2018

Rescorces/Facilities Used:

– SMART2L,

– IoT,

– Communication,

– Water crisis,

– Water Resources,

– Arduino

Advance Research:
All the above research papers have their pros and cons , on the basis of these this project
aims to eliminate the disadvantages and glorify the advantages. The difference being not
just in managing the water resources or monitoring them but also in taking instant action,
reducing wastage an curbing the water crisis.The modernization of monitoring using apps
and instant action options furthermore have a humungous effect on the reduction of water
wastage. The use of IOT helps in minimizing the error , efforts and improves accuracy of
monitoring and response.

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Chapter 3

SELF-POWERED WATER MONITORING SYSTEM

3.1 The Problem

In today’s ever-growing industrial prowess, the global water reserve is perpetually becom-
ing sparse. The usable water resources on earth are limited. In fact, 99.7per of the planet
water is unusable by humans unless it goes through costly and environmentally-harmful
procedures. Moreover, more than 663 million do not have access to clean and safe water
worldwide. Yet there is an excessive use of water in the world. This disparity in water
consumption worldwide necessitates taking proper action by both government and citizens
to mitigate excessive water consumption and raise awareness of the water dilemma.

3.2 System Architecture

The system is named WaCoMo: Water Consumption Monitor, and it consists of a hardware
device and mobile app. The hardware is to monitor the water where it is connected to the
cloud to carry on the calculation and the prediction based on developed algorithms. The
mobile app is to visualize the water consumption in a user-friendly interface. In this section,
we describe the design process of creating the system, its features, and possible limitations.

• The water monitoring device consists of three sub-modules-

[1 ]The power generating unit, a hydro-generator is used in order to generate power

from the water flow. A 3.7 V Li-Po battery and customized Li-Po charging circuit are
added to the generator in order to store the generated power in the battery.

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Figure 3.1: WaCoMo system architecture.

Figure 3.2: Monitoring Device Design.

[2 ]The second submodule is the water measurement unit: a specifically calibrated water
meter was customized. The water meter is mainly a Hall effect sensor along with
rotatable magnet. The meter generates PWM signals that are used to calculate the
flow rate and consequently the volume of consumed water.

[3 ]The third sub-module is the IoT Unit, which is an IoT chip that used in order to
communicate the measured water consumption along with its time stamp to the cloud.

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3.2.1 The Cloud Server

After the consumption is measured it needs to be uploaded to a cloud server where data can
be analyzed and presented to the consumer. The cloud infrastructure is constituted of an
MQTT server, an SQL database, and an application program interface where the data can
be retrieved by the mobile application.
[1]MQTT Server: This server is used to receive the water consumption from the water
monitoring device.
[2]SQL Database: The database is used in order to organize the data.
[3]Web Service API: It provides an interface which can be used by the mobile app to
receive and send data.

3.2.2 The Mobile Application

[1] Device Installation Instructions: The mobile device will ask the user about the location
where each monitoring device is installed as well as the number of people that will be using
this outlet.
[2] Usage Dashboard: After each device is recognized and configured in the app. The
mobile application displays a visualization of the consumption happening at each monitored
outlet, it also sends warnings when excessive usage or leaks are detected. The visualization
can be done at multiple time scale: now (updates every 30 seconds), daily, and weekly.

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A. How it Works?

The system works as follows: When an excessive amount of power is generated from
strong water flow, it will be stored in the battery to be used later when necessary
rather than being wasted as heat. Then, when the water flow (and consequently the
generated power) are weak (e.g. in case of leakage), the IoT unit can still operate
and capture this little consumption since it is using the excessive power stored in the
battery. This is a crucial point since all self-powered water consumption monitors
face difficulties in monitoring leaks due to the low power generated from weak water
flow. In the proposed solution, a battery and a charging circuit is used to solve this
issue.

B. Experiments

An experiment has been carried out in different time periods.The main objective of
the experiment is to show that the electric power generated by the hydro-generator
is more than or equal to the power consumed by the flow sensor. The verification
experiment is set up as follows. Water is streamed through hydro-generator with dif-
ferent flow rates (a minimum 21.74 ml/sec and maximum 71.43 ml/sec) and voltage
is measured for each corresponding flow rate. Power is calculated by multiplying by
the stabilized current that runs through the systems circuit.

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Figure 3.3: The setup needed to perform the verification experiment

B. Results

We observed the power consumed by the hydro-generator and the wireless module at
different times. Figure 3 depicts power produced by the hydro-generator against flow
rate. The maximum power produced is 1.45 W with 71.43 ml/sec flow rate.

Meanwhile, the power consumption of the wireless module ESP8266 over time is
shown in Figure 4. We can conclude that the average power (0.203 Watt) consumed
by the wireless module is less than the power generated by the hydro-generator at a
flow rate of 21.7 ml/sec, and so the system qualifies to be self-powered with minimum
flow rate 21.7 ml/sec.

From the front-end, an early mobile application is designed on a Windows Phone

handset. After experimenting with the new device in different outlets for a different
time, we collected data to check the system decision making and the visualization.
It displays a grid of rooms where the device is installed along with a color code for
the corresponding water consumption. The color code is defined based on a set of
standard consumption values and multiple usage parameters including the location of
measurement and the number of water users in that particular location.

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Figure 3.4: Flow rate against power generated

Figure 3.5: Current consumed by wireless module over time

Figure 3.6: Mobile application interface

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Chapter 4

CONCLUSION

This paper presented the design of a novel, self-powered water monitoring system.
The system is installed between residential water tubes and measures consumption
through a hydro generator, which in turn provides electrical power to the whole sys-
tem. Consumption data are uploaded to the cloud, where it is processed, analyzed,
and then conveniently presented as meaningful insights through a mobile application.
This will help provide actionable awareness of water usage, hence decreasing water
consumption in the grant scheme.

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REFERENCES

[1 ] Water Trends — Global Water Fund”, Globalwaterfund.com, 2018

[2 ] Drinking-water, World Health Organization

[3 ] Information on Earth’s water - National Groundwater Association

[4 ] F. F. Zulzaha. Suggestions for residents and Syabas on ways to counter water

shortage. Kuala Lumpur: starproperty.my..

[5 ] A. Jamaluddin, D. Harjunowibowo, D. T. Rahardjo, E. Adhitama and S. Hadi,

”Wireless water flow monitoring based on Android smartphone

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