THE NATURE OF RESEARCH

Meaning, Characteristics,
Purposes, Types and Approaches
 OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

A. define research;
B. describe the characteristics of research;;
C. state the purposes of research;
D. differentiate the different types of research;
E. give the approaches to research; and
F. identify the specific type of research for each given topic
and defend their answer.
 ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTIONS: Relying on your stock knowledge, write on the lines provided the meaning of the
following words used in the selection that you will read. Be guided by some clues in
the given sentences.

1. Absolute Man has no absolute power over something; God has.

2. Abstract Stone is concrete; intelligence is abstract.
3. Portrayal Give a clearer portrayal of what is in your mind by drawing it on that paper.
4. Adopt Adopt a lawful procedure in adopting those orphans.
5. Hallmark One hallmark you ought to treasure is your golden trophy.
6. Perspective Change your sitting position to have a better perspective about the whole thing.
7. Hone Hone your reading skills by spending more time in reading books.
8. Superb For the actor’s superb performance, he won an award.
9. Ins and outs First, know the ins and outs of marriage before deciding to tie the knot with him.
10.Trigger Say a line on love to trigger off a conversation between those two people.
 RESEARCH

RESEARCH is a process of executing various mental acts for discovering

and examining facts and information to prove the accuracy or truthfulness
of your claims or conclusions about the topic of your research. Research
requires you to inquire or investigate about your chosen research topic by
asking questions that will make you engage yourself in top- level thinking
strategies of interpreting, analyzing, synthesizing, criticizing, appreciating,
or creating to enable you to discover truths about the many things you
tend to wonder about the topic of your research work. (Litchman 2013)
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

ACCURACY
It must be correct or accurate data which the footnotes, notes, and bibliographical
entries should honestly and appropriately documented or acknowledged.

OBJECTIVENESS
It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from assumptions,
generalizations, predictions, or conclusions.

TIMELINESS
It must work on a topic that is fresh, new, and interesting to the present society.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

RELEVANCE
Its topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems
affecting the lives of people in a community.

CLARITY
It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by using simple,
direct, concise, and correct language.

SYSTEMATIC
It must take place in an organized or orderly manner.
 PURPOSE OF RESEARCH

1. To learn how to work independently

2. To learn how to work scientifically or systematically
3. To have an in-depth knowledge of something
4. To elevate your mental abilities by letting you think in higher- order thinking strategies
(HOTS) of inferring, evaluating, synthesizing, appreciating, applying, and creating
5. To improve your reading and writing skills
6. To be familiar with the basic tools of research and the various techniques of gathering
data and presenting research findings.
7. To free yourself, to certain extent, from the domination or strong influence of a single
text books or of the professor’s lone viewpoint or spoon feeding
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

BASED ON APPLICATION ON RESEARCH METHOD

Is the research applied to theoretical or practical issues?

If it deals with concepts, principles, or abstract thing, it is PURE RESEARCH.

However, if your intention is to apply your chosen research to societal problems or

issues, finding ways to make positive changes in society, you your research, APPLIED
RESEARCH.
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

BASED ON PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH

Depending on your objective or goal in conducting research, you do any of
these types of research: descriptive, correlational, explanatory, exploratory, or
action.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
This type of research aims at defining or giving a verbal portrayal or picture
of a person, thing, event, group, situation, etc.
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
A correlational research shows relationship or connectedness of two factors,
circumstance or agents called variables that affect the research.

EXPLANATORY RESEARCH
This type of research elaborates or explains not just the reasons behind the
relationship of two factors, but also the ways by which such relationship
exists.
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
An exploratory research’s purpose is to find out how reasonable or possible it
is to conduct a research study on a certain topic.

ACTION RESEARCH
This type studies an on-going practice of a school, organization, community,
or institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring
improvements in the system.
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

BASED ON TYPES OF DATA NEEDED

The kind of data you want to work on reflects whether you wish to do a
quantitative or a qualitative research.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH requires non-numerical data, which means that
the research uses words rather than numbers to express the results, the inquiry, or
investigation about people’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and lifestyles
regarding the object of the study.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH involves measurement of data. Thus, it
presents research findings referring to the number or frequency of something in
numerical forms. (i.e., using percentages, fractions, numbers).
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

BASED ON TYPES OF DATA NEEDED

The data you deal with in research are either primary or secondary data:

PRIMARY DATA are obtained through direct observation or contact with

people, objects, artifacts, painting, etc. primary data are new and original
information resulting from your sensory experience.

However, if such data have already been written about or reported on and are
available for reading purposes, they exists as SECONDARY DATA.
 APPROACHES TO RESEARCH

There are THREE APPROACHES that you can choose from:

The first is the SCIENTIFIC OR POSITIVE APPROACH, in which

you discover and measure information as well as observe and control
variables in an impersonal manner. It allows control of variables.
Therefore, the data gathering techniques appropriate for this approach
are structured interviews, questionnaires, and observational checklists.
Data given by these techniques are expressed through numbers, which
means that this method is suitable for quantitative research.
 APPROACHES TO RESEARCH

There are three approaches that you can choose from:

The second approach is the NATURALISTIC APPROACH. In
contrast to the scientific approach that uses numbers to express data, the
naturalistic approach uses words. This research approach directs you to
deal with qualitative data that speak of how people behave toward their
surroundings. These are non- numerical data that express truths about
the way people perceive or understand the world. Since people look at
their world in a subjective or personal basis in an uncontrolled or
unstructured manner, a naturalistic approach happens in a natural setting.
 APPROACHES TO RESEARCH

There are three approaches that you can choose from:

Is it possible to plan your research activities based on these two
approaches? Combining these two approaches in designing your research
leads you to the third one, called TRIANGULATION APPROACH.
In this case, you are free to gather and analyze data using multiple
methods, allowing you to combine or mix up research approaches,
research types, data gathering, and data analysis techniques. Triangulation
approach gives you the opportunity to view every single angle of the
research from different perspective.
 ACTIVITY 2

WHOLE-CLASS ACTIVITY – QUESTION HOUR

Raise your questions about research – its characteristics, types,
and importance to your everyday life. Direct your inquiry to any of
your classmates, who, in turn, will also ask a question after
succeeding in answering the question given to him or her.
 ACTIVITY 3
Directions: Identify the specific type of research for each given topic by entering the letter of the research type in
the correct column. Likewise, below the letter representing your answer, write the importance of such research in
your day-to-day life.
ACTION PURE APPLIED DESCRIPTIVE EXPLANATORY CORRELATION
a. Theory of Relativity
b. University Bell Street Foods
c. Landline vs. Cellphone
d. Reasons Behind Tuition Fee Increases
e. Manila Flash Flood Solutions
f. College Assessment Practices
g. Critical Thinking and Creative Thinking in Learning-Teaching Situations
h. The Why and How of Internet Use
i. Effects of Korean Telenovelas on Filipino TV Viewers
j. Digital Age
k. Teaching Through PowerPoint Presentations
l. Archimedes’ Principle of Buoyancy
Prepared by: