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Abstract
In the present study ‘Teaching Learning Based Optimization’ (TLBO) optimization method has been applied to the water resources
engineering problem. TLBO is a population-based natural-inspired evolutionary algorithm comparatively simple, easy and robust.
TLBO algorithm is capable of providing a global solution. Four water resources problem such as optimizing crop water demand,
maximization of benefits, minimization of reservoir capacity and minimization of reservoir capacity with evaporation losses solved
using TLBO technique. The results were compared with linear programming & dynamic programming solutions. TLBO algorithm
has proven to be providing the global and better results. The results obtained from TLBO were better in reservoir capacity problem
with evaporation losses. The results were satisfactory for optimizing crop water demand, maximization of benefits and
minimization of reservoir capacity. The TLBO technique provides a satisfactory solution as other popular optimization techniques.
Keyword- TLBO, LINGO Software, Soft Computing, Linear Programming, Dynamic Programming
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I. INTRODUCTION
Soft computing techniques are the leading methods for solving water resources complex problems. The water resources problems
are solved using fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, machine learning, probabilistic reasoning, population-based algorithm and
neighbourhood-based algorithm etc. Population-based algorithms are swarm intelligence and evolutionary computation.
Evolutionary computations are evolutionary programming, differential evolution, genetic algorithm, genetic programming,
evolutionary strategies, artificial immune algorithm and bacteria foraging optimization etc. Swarm intelligence based algorithms
examples are artificial bee colony, particle swarm optimization, ant colony optimization, firefly etc. Neighbourhood-based
algorithms are simulated annealing and tabu search (Venkata Rao 2016; Kumar and Yadav 2018).
Various algorithms have been used to solve reservoir operation problem such as Fuzzy logic (Russell and Campbell 1996),
genetic algorithm (Chang et al. 2010; Fallah-Mehdipour et al. 2012; Ashofteh et al. 2015), particle swarm optimization (Nagesh
Kumar and Janga Reddy 2007; SaberChenari et al. 2016; Bai et al. 2017) and Firefly (Garousi-Nejad et al. 2016).
Soft computing techniques have been applied for studying Rainfall-runoff model, artificial neural network (Nourani
2017), genetic algorithm (Wu et al. 2012), particle swarm optimization (Taormina et al. 2012), fuzzy logic (Talei et al. 2010) and
genetic programming (Rodríguez-Vázquez et al. 2012). Stage forecasting and prediction have been studied using machine learning
(Wu et al. 2008; Taghi Sattari et al. 2013), artificial neural network (Deo et al. 2000) and particle swarm optimization (Chau 2006).
Flood forecasting and prediction have been studied using an artificial neural network (Maier and Dandy 2000; Pramanik and Panda
2009; Yazdani and Zolfaghari 2014; Wu et al. 2010), machine learning (Yu et al. 2006) and genetic algorithm (Sahay and
Srivastava 2014).
The main objective of the paper is to study the preformation of the recently developed algorithm i.e. teaching learning-
based optimization. Four different problems such as optimizing crop water demand, maximization of benefits, minimization of
reservoir capacity and minimization of reservoir capacity with evaporation losses have been solved using TLBO technique. Apart
the manual working procedure has been also shown for better understating of the algorithm.
II. METHODOLOGY
Based on this concept TLBO was developed. The procedure of TLBO is divided into two phases: The First ‘Teaching phase’ and
the second ‘Learning phase’. A flowchart of the TLBO algorithm is given in Figure. 1.
Step 1: Initialization
TLBO is similar to other random search algorithms. The first step is to decide the population size (number of students in
a class) and a number of iterations (termination criteria). Initial solutions are randomly generated using the formula presented in
Eq. (1). Identify the best solution (teacher) from the list of the corresponding objective function. The best solution is taken as the
maximum for maximization problem and minimum for the minimization problem.
Randomly Generated Population = [L + r (U − L)] (1)
Where: L = lower bound on the variable; U = upper bound on the variable; r = random number between [0, 1]
Step 2: Teaching Phase
In teaching phase teacher tries to improve the result of populations using difference mean method based on the best
solution.
Difference mean = r ( Xbest − Xmean ) (2)
Where: X best = best solution (teacher); r = random number between [0, 1]; X mean = mean of all the students.
Based on the difference mean the old solutions are modified using Eq. (3).
Xnew = (Xold + Difference mean) (3)
Where: X new = modified solution; X old = old solution
The better solutions are accepted and replaced with the previous.
V. CONCLUSION
TLBO is a population-based algorithm. It has been tested for both constraint and unconstraint, linear and dynamic programming
problem satisfactorily. The TLBO algorithm was used to solve four cases. In each case, the solution matches well with the solution
obtained using other optimization techniques such as Linear and Dynamic programming. The results were satisfactory for
optimizing crop water demand, maximization of benefits and minimization of reservoir capacity. The results obtained from TLBO
were better in reservoir capacity problem with evaporation losses. Based on the results it can be concluded that TLBO algorithm
was 100% compliance with the known global optimal solution.
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