GRD Journals | Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Emerging Research and Innovations in Civil Engineering

(ERICE - 2019) | February 2019

e-ISSN: 2455-5703

Development of NDVI And LULC Map of Surat

District using GIS and Remote Sensing
1Sahita Waikhom 2V. G. Yadav 3Bhumika Kakadiya
1
Associate Professor 2Assistant Professor 3PG Student
1,2,3
Department of Civil Engineering
1,2,3
GEC, Surat, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Land Use and Land Cover (LU-LC) are vital information required for various planning activities. Infrastructural planning, water
resources management, agriculture planning, etc. are important applications of LU-LC information. In today’s fast changing face
of earth surface due to natural and man-made activities, keeping the LU-LC information updated manually on real time basis is a
herculean task. Remote sensing and GIS is very useful technique for acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon
without making physical contact with the object. The integration of remote sensing with reliable information is most dependable
solution in the current scenario. In this study an attempt is made to map NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and LU-
LC for Surat, Gujarat. Satellite imagery of 2nd February 2018 by LANDSAT 8 is used with Arc GIS software of (ESRI) for the
purpose of present study.
Keyword- NDVI, LULC, Remote Sensing, GIS, LANDSAT
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION
The Normalised Difference Vegetation (NDVI) Index is one of various mathematical groupings of satellite bands, which have
been found to be subtle indicators of the presence and condition of green vegetation. It is based on the reflectance properties of
vegetation in comparison with water, snow and clouds on the one hand and rocks and bare soil on the other hand. Vegetated areas
have high reflectance in the near infrared and low reflectance in the visible red. Water, snow and clouds have larger visual than
near-infrared reflectance and bare soil and rocks have like reflectance in both spectral regions. As a consequence, green vegetation
yields high values for the index, water has negative values and bare soil gives indices around 0.
Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) refers to data that is a result of classifying raw satellite data into "land use and land cover"
(LULC) categories based on the return value of the satellite image. There are not many LULC datasets because a) satellite data
acquisition is usually very expensive, and b) the classification procedure is very labour intensive. Most LULC data products are
released several years after the satellite images were taken and thus out of date to a certain extent when they are released.
Nonetheless, LULC provides a very appreciated method for determining the extents of various land uses and cover types, such as
urban, forested, shrub land, agriculture, etc.
Surat district of Gujarat is selected as study area because it has considerable increment in urban zone. There was 65%
urban population in 2001 and 80% urban population in 2011 (according to 2011 census). So LU-LC and NDVI map is important
for planning of infrastructure in urban area and agriculture in non-urban areas. Objective of this study is to find Normalized
Differential Vegetative Indices to measure the vegetative cover and to develop land use/land cover map of 2018 for the study area.

II. STUDY AREA AND DATA COLLECTION

A. Study Area
Surat is a district in the state of Gujarat India, surrounded by Narmada (North), Bharuch, Navsari (South) districts and east Tapi
district and the Gulf of Cambay (Figure 1). There are total 10 talukas in Surat district and it is the second-most developed district
in Gujarat. Surat had a population of 6,079,200 of which 80% were urban as per 2011 Census.

1) Topography
Surat district lies between the latitude of 21.1702° N and longitude of 72.8311° E and has a total area of 4,418 sq. Km. The
population density of Surat District was 14,000 per sq.km at the 2011 Census

2) Temperature and Rainfall

The summers are quite hot with temperatures ranging from 37.9°C to 44.4°C. The climate is pleasant during the monsoon while
autumn is temperate. The winters are not very cold but the temperatures in January range from 10°C to 15.5°C.

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 Development of NDVI And LULC Map of Surat District using GIS and Remote Sensing
(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / ERICE - 2019 / 073)

Fig. 1: Study Area-Surat district

B. Data Collection
For the development of the NDVI and LULC map of study area the initial step is the data acquisition. This study is based on
remotely sensed data. Remote sensing is a strong tool for NDVI and LULC mapping and both aerial photography and satellite
imagery are appropriate for the mapping. Sometimes, aerial photographs can be uneconomical and difficult to obtain, so quick
updating and monitoring becomes difficult. Thus, satellite imagery is often the better option.

1) Acquisition of Satellite Image

Some satellite data products are in public domain and grant free access. These can be downloaded from different websites
developed by the data provider. A variety of remote sensing systems exist, for which the specification is distributed among a variety
of websites from data providers, satellite operators and manufacturers. Choosing a suitable data product for a given project is to
be done cautiously based on the specifications of the different products and their applications.
For the present study the Satellite imagery of 2nd February 2018 by LANDSAT 8 is used from USGS website for academic research.

2) Steps for Acquisition of Landsat Image

Following step-by-step method is carried out for acquiring images:
STEP 1: Log in to earthexplorer.usgs.gov
STEP 2: in the ‘Enter search criteria’ tab, add the name of place i.e. Surat, Gujarat, India.
STEP 3: Insert Data range from 1/1/2018 to 31/8/2018 and hit Datasets button.
STEP 4: in ‘Select your Dataset(s)’ tab, select Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS C1 level2 under Landsat option and hit results button.

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 Development of NDVI And LULC Map of Surat District using GIS and Remote Sensing
(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / ERICE - 2019 / 073)

STEP 5: Download the images (Figure 2) from the available results.

Fig. 2: Landsat-8 Satellite Image (2nd Feb’ 2018)

III. METHODOLOGY
LULC and NDVI map is generated in Arcgis 10.1 (ESRI).
ArcGIS is a geographic information system (GIS) interface for working with maps and geographic information. It is used for
creating and using maps, compiling geographic data, analysing mapped information, sharing and discovering geographic
information, using maps and geographic information in a range of applications, and managing geographic information in a
database.
The system provides tools for making maps and geographic information available throughout an organization, across a community,
and openly on the Web.

A. Steps to Develop NDVI Map

Open Arc map 10.1 and
Step 1: Add bands from satellite images. Compose the bands from windows > image analysis toolbar> Select all bands > Composite
Step 2: Enable the Image Analysis Toolbar (Windows > Image Analysis). The image analysis window will be displayed in ArcMap.
Step 2: Check Scientific Output Properties
Under image analysis options, select the red band and the near infrared band.
Image analysis toolbar options
For Worldview-2 imagery, under the NDVI tab – the red band is “band 5” and the NIR band is “band 7”.
NDVI band selection
Step 3: Click NDVI Icon
Highlight your layer by clicking it.
Highlight your image
Under properties, Select the NDVI icon which looks like a leaf.
NDVI button This will create temporary layer in the table of contents.
Step 4: Add shape file of Surat Distict.
Step 5: Export Raster
Highlight the new NDVI layer that you want to export by selecting it in the image analysis toolbar.
Highlight NDVI raster
Right click layer, and export raster to save into memory.
Export raster
High positive NDVI values (green) means high vegetation. Urban and water will have negative NDVI values (yellow and red).

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 Development of NDVI And LULC Map of Surat District using GIS and Remote Sensing
(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / ERICE - 2019 / 073)

B. NDVI Map of Surat District

Fig. 3: NDVI Map of Surat District

Using the methodology discussed, the NDVI map and LU-LC map were developed for Surat district as shown in Figure 3 and 4
respectively.

C. LULC Map of Surat District

Fig. 4: LULC Map of Surat District

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 Development of NDVI And LULC Map of Surat District using GIS and Remote Sensing
(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / ERICE - 2019 / 073)

IV. CONCLUSION
An attempt is made for mapping of NDVI map and land use- land cover classes using ArcGIS 10.1 software. The NDVI values of
Surat District Ranges from -0.26 to 0.58 that gives amount of vegetation. The minus value suggests the low vegetation and positive
value suggest the healthy vegetation.

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