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Refrigeration
supply air
return air
sensible
heat
moisture conditioned
(latent heat) space
lights partition
people wall
glass infiltration equipment
solar
glass
conduction
exterior
wall
floor
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Supply Fan and Filter
OA 95°F
EA (35°C)
MA
filter 80°F
(26.7°C)
RA
supply
fan
75°F
(23.9°C)
SA
conditioned
space
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Cooling Coil
OA 95°F
EA (35°C)
MA
80°F
(26.7°C) tubes
cooling
coil
RA
fins
75°F
(23.9°C) header
SA
55°F
(12.8°C)
warm, cool,
humid air dry air
drain pan
RA
75°F
(23.9°C)
SA
65°F
(18.3°C)
RA
75°F airflow
(23.9°C) modulation
SA device
55°F
VAV (12.8°C)
terminal VAV
unit terminal unit
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Fan-Coil Unit
supply-air outlet
cooling coil
supply fan
filter
return-air inlet
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Central Air Handler
cooling
coil supply-air
outlet
return-air
dampers
supply
fan outdoor-air
filters dampers
outdoor-air inlet
VAV
terminal
return-air central
inlet air handler
80°F
(26.7°C) 57°F
(13.9°C)
cooling
coil
55°F 42°F
(12.8°C) (5.6°C)
80°F
(26.7°C) 57°F
(13.9°C)
evaporator
cooling
coil
55°F 42°F
(12.8°C) (5.6°C)
chilled-water
supply
chilled-water
return
refrigerant
vapor
control
80°F valve
(26.7°C) 57°F
(13.9°C)
evaporator
cooling
coil
55°F 42°F
(12.8°C) (5.6°C)
pump
water chiller
control
valve
80°F
(26.7°C) 57°F 50°F
(13.9°C) (10°C)
evaporator
Reciprocating
80°F
(26.7°C) 57°F 50°F 120°F Scroll
(13.9°C) (10°C) (48.9°C)
Helical-rotary
evaporator
(screw)
Centrifugal
55°F 42°F 38°F
(12.8°C) (5.6°C) (3.3°C)
80°F
(26.7°C) 57°F 50°F 120°F
(13.9°C) (10°C) (48.9°C)
evaporator
condenser
55°F 42°F 38°F 110°F
(12.8°C) (5.6°C) (3.3°C) (43.3°C)
condenser
water water-cooled
80°F
(26.7°C) 57°F 50°F 120°F
(13.9°C) (10°C) (48.9°C)
evaporator
condenser
55°F 42°F 38°F 110°F
(12.8°C) (5.6°C) (3.3°C) (43.3°C)
expansion
device
condenser
condenser
water
evaporator
chilled
water
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Finned-Tube Evaporator (Coil)
liquid
airflow refrigerant
refrigerant
vapor
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
No Chilled-Water Loop
compressor
expansion
device
exhaust fan
cooling coil
(evaporator)
80°F
(26.7°C) 57°F 50°F 120°F 100°F
(13.9°C) (10°C) (48.9°C) (37.8°C)
condenser
propeller fan
sprays
fill
outdoor air
sump
80°F
(26.7°C) 57°F 50°F 120°F 100°F
(13.9°C) (10°C) (48.9°C) (37.8°C)
condenser
pump
cooling tower
pump
control
valve bypass pipe
water-cooled condenser
propeller-type
evaporator condenser fans
air-cooled
compressor condenser
evaporator air-cooled
condenser
expansion
device
packaged rooftop
air conditioner
VAV terminals
system-level
controller
fan-coil units
exhaust fan
air-cooled chiller
system-level controller
expansion
airflow valve
evaporator
liquid
refrigerant
refrigerant
vapor
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Air-Cooled DX System
compressor
air-cooled
condenser propeller
fans
cooling coil
(evaporator)
outdoor
air
condenser coils
expansion
device
exhaust fan
cooling coil
(evaporator)
supply fan
air-cooled condenser
compressors
refrigerant piping
control
valve
cooling
coil
evaporator
pump
water-cooled
air-cooled
remote
evaporator
refrigerant
piping
air-cooled DX system
air-cooled,
chilled-water system
Compressor(s)
Condenser (or
cooling tower) fans
Pumps
rooftop installation
60 freeze protection
ethylene glycol concentration,
50
% by weight
40
30
burst protection
20
10
0
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
(-46) (-40) (-34) (-29) (-23) (-18) (-12) (-7) (-1)
DX equipment
DX
setpoint
chilled
water
EA RA
supply SA
OA cooling fan
coil
thermostat
zone
front grille
cooling coil wall sleeve
© American Standard Inc. 2004
(evaporator) Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
single zone, constant volume
Packaged DX Rooftop System
sheet-metal
supply duct
packaged rooftop
air conditioner
diffuser
supply fan
air-cooled condenser
compressors
refrigerant piping
OA ducted OA ducted to
directly to terminal units
spaces
OA ducted to
plenum near
terminal units
EA RA
supply SA
OA cooling fan
coil
variable-speed
drive thermostat
zone
EA RA
supply SA
OA cooling fan
coil
reheat coil
thermostat
zone zone
RA
EA
SA
OA
thermostat
zone zone
EA RA
bypass damper
supply SA
OA fan
damper
constant-volume supply fan,
variable-volume airflow to spaces
thermostat
zone zone
packaged rooftop
air conditioner
diffuser
modulating
damper
system-level
controller
bypass
damper
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Multiple Zones, Variable Volume
EA RA
supply SA
OA cooling fan
coil
VAV box
thermostat
zone zone
Owner
Occupies building
Developer
Leases to tenants
May sell building soon
after construction
interior
other
foundation mechanical
exterior,
roof
electrical
structure