CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

I. Introduction
This chapter comprises the analysis, presentation and interpretation of the findings resulting from this study. The purpose of this study is to analyze

the data for Condition Index and the Remaining Service Life of the pavement over time, and evaluate the deterioration of the pavement. Finally, to

identify appropriate maintenance actions to be taken in order to attain optimal solution.

The data of the study, as mentioned in Chapter 3, were gathered manually by the researchers by actual surveying of the road sections
chosen by the researchers. Out of 200 local roads in Cebu City, the researchers studied 7 of it. To avoid accidents, the researchers conducted the
study during non-peak hours. The results of the study are presented on tables to summarized the data in a way that is brief and comprehensive.
Since the given local roads are asphalt type of roads; CODE 03, 05 and 11 are inapplicable. Following the instruction of the criteria, 100%
INSPECTED GRADE are automatically given to the codes being mentioned.

Geographical maps of road sections being studied

II. RESULTS

M. LOGARTA ST (365.08 M)

PAVEMEN
INSPECTE
QUANTITY INSPECTIO EQUIVALEN T REMAININ
D MAINTENANC
CODE DEFECTS OF N GRADE T WEIGHT CONDITIO G SERVICE
DEFECTS E NEEDED
DEFECTS (%) (%) N INDEX LIFE
(Km)
(PCI)

Sq
1 Potholes 6.5808 18.02563822 100% 15 15
m

Alligator Sq
2 0 0 100% 10 10
Cracks m

Sq
3 Major Scaling 0 0 100% 9 9
m

Shoving and Sq 49.846

4 136.5358278 0% 8 0
Corrugation m 5

Pumping and Sq
5 0 0 100% 8 8
Depression m

E 730.16 2000 0%

C No/Faded 365.08 1000 0%

6 Lm 8 2
Y Markings 365.08 1000 0%

P 0 0 100%

Low/Inverted
7 Lm 60 164.3475403 0% 8 0 CORRECTIVE
Shoulder
MAINTENANC 2.569987019
Lush E
8 Lm 14.55 39.85427851 75% 3 2.25
Vegetation

Clogged
9 Lm 1 2.739125671 0% 5 0
Drains

Open
10 pc/s 1 2.739125671 0% 5 0
Manhole

No/Inadequat
11 e Sealant in Lm 0 0 100% 3 3
Joints
25.337
12 Cracks Lm 69.40150104 100% 5 5
1

Sq 52.521
13 Ravelling 143.8638107 0% 5 0
m 8

Unmaintained
14 pcs 1 1 100% 3 3
Signages

Unmaintained
15 no 1 0.014925373 100% 5 5
Bridges

62.25
 ZULUETA ST (238 M)
INSPECTED PAVEMENT
COD QUANTITY OF INSPECTION EQUIVALENT MAINTENAN REMAINING
DEFECTS DEFECTS CONDITION
E DEFECTS GRADE (%) WEIGHT (%) CE NEEDED SERVICE LIFE
(Km) INDEX (PCI)

1 Potholes Sqm 4.2642 17.91680672 0% 15 0

Alligator
2 Sqm 25.9914 109.207563 0% 10 0
Cracks

Major
3 Sqm 0 0 100% 9 9
Scaling

Shoving
4 and Sqm 15.4496 64.91428571 0% 8 0
Corrugation

Pumping
5 and Sqm 0 0 100% 8 8
Depression

E 476 2000 0%

C No/Faded 238 1000 0%

6 Lm 8 2
Y Markings 238 1000 0%

P 0 0 100%
MAJOR
Low/Inverte REHABILITAT 0.71807605
7 Lm 26 109.2436975 0% 8 0
d Shoulder ION
Lush
8 Lm 29 121.8487395 0% 3 0
Vegetation

Clogged
9 Lm 0 0 100% 5 5
Drains

Open
10 pc/s 1 4.201680672 0% 5 0
Manhole

No/Inadequ
11 ate Sealant Lm 0 0 100% 3 3
in Joints

12 Cracks Lm 2.33 9.789915966 100% 5 5

13 Ravelling Sqm 74.0044 310.9428571 0% 5 0

Unmaintain
14 pcs 0 0 100% 3 3
ed Signages

Unmaintain
15 no 1 0.014925373 100% 5 5
ed Bridges

40

0.238 0.71807605 40
 A. BONIFACIO ST. (355 M)
QUANTI EQUIVALE
INSPECTED INSPECTI PAVEMENT MAINTEN REMAININ
CO TY OF NT
DEFECTS DEFECTS ON GRADE CONDITION ANCE G SERVICE
DE DEFEC WEIGHT
(Km) (%) INDEX (PCI) NEEDED LIFE
TS (%)
S
12.0
1 Potholes q 33.84309859 0% 15 0
143
m
S
3.05
2 Alligator Cracks q 8.604788732 0% 10 0
47
m
S
3 Major Scaling q 0 0 100% 9 9
m
S
Shoving and 18.2
4 q 51.32816901 0% 8 0
Corrugation 215
m
S
Pumping and
5 q 0 0 100% 8 8
Depression
m
E 710 2000 0%
C No/Faded L 355 1000 0%
6 8 2
Y Markings m 355 1000 0%
MAJOR
P 0 100% REHABILIT 0.305887777
Low/Inverted L 486. ATION
7 1370.788732 0% 8 0
Shoulder m 63
L 76.6
8 Lush Vegetation 215.915493 0% 3 0
m 5
L 315.
9 Clogged Drains 887.8873239 0% 5 0
m 2
pc
10 Open Manhole 21 59.15492958 0% 5 0
/s
No/Inadequate L
11 0 0 100% 3 3
Sealant in Joints m
L
12 Cracks 8.1 22.81690141 100% 5 5
m
S
27.8
13 Ravelling q 78.46338028 25% 5 1.25
545
m
Unmaintained pc
14 1 2.816901408 100% 3 3
Signages s
Unmaintained n
15 0 0 100% 5 5
Bridges o
36.25
 IBARRA ST. (155.5 M)
QUANT INSPECTI EQUIVALE
INSPECTED PAVEMENT REMAININ
CO ITY OF ON NT MAINTENAN
DEFECTS DEFECTS CONDITION G SERVICE
DE DEFEC GRADE WEIGHT CE NEEDED
(Km) INDEX (PCI) LIFE
TS (%) (%)
Sq
1 Potholes 0 0 100% 15 15
m
Sq
2 Alligator Cracks 0 0 100% 10 10
m
Sq
3 Major Scaling 0 0 100% 9 9
m
Shoving and Sq
4 0.9 5.78778135 0% 8 0
Corrugation m
Pumping and Sq
5 0 0 100% 8 8
Depression m
E 311 2000 0%
155
C 1000 0%
No/Faded L .5
6 8 2
Markings m 155
Y 1000 0%
.5
P 0 100% CORRECTIVE
Low/Inverted L 133 MAINTENAN 2.669686967
7 855.9485531 0% 8 0
Shoulder m .1 CE
L 44.
8 Lush Vegetation 284.8874598 0% 3 0
m 3
L
9 Clogged Drains 9.1 58.52090032 0% 5 0
m
pc/
10 Open Manhole 5 32.15434084 0% 5 0
s
No/Inadequate L
11 0 0 100% 3 3
Sealant in Joints m
L
12 Cracks 0 0 100% 5 5
m
Sq 3.2
13 Ravelling 20.7073955 75% 5 3.75
m 2
Unmaintained pc
14 1 1 100% 3 3
Signages s
Unmaintained
15 no 0 0 100% 5 5
Bridges
63.75
 A. JEREZA ST. (193.4 M)
PAVEMEN
INSPECTE
QUANTITY INSPECTIO EQUIVALEN T REMAININ
COD D MAINTENANC
DEFECTS OF N GRADE T WEIGHT CONDITIO G SERVICE
E DEFECTS E NEEDED
DEFECTS (%) (%) N INDEX LIFE
(Km)
(PCI)
Sq
1 Potholes 3.3902 17.5294726 0% 15 0
m
Alligator Sq 18.0537745
2 3.4916 0% 10 0
Cracks m 6
Sq
3 Major Scaling 0 0 100% 9 9
m
Shoving and Sq 68.932 356.424508
4 0% 8 0
Corrugation m 5 8
Pumping and Sq
5 0 0 100% 8 8
Depression m
1586.34953
E 306.8 0%
5
C No/Faded 193.4 1000 0%
6 Lm 8 2
Markings
Y 193.4 1000 0%
P 0 100%
MINOR
Low/Inverted 521.716649 REHABILITATI 1.020897124
7 Lm 100.9 0% 8 0
Shoulder 4 ON
Lush
8 Lm 0 0 100% 3 3
Vegetation
Clogged 502.585315
9 Lm 97.2 0% 5 0
Drains 4
72.3888314
10 Open Manhole pc/s 14 0% 5 0
4
No/Inadequate
11 Sealant in Lm 0 0 100% 3 3
Joints
12 Cracks Lm 0 0 100% 5 5
Sq 10.0155118
13 Ravelling 1.937 100% 5 5
m 9
Unmaintained
14 pcs 2 2 100% 3 3
Signages
Unmaintained
15 no 0 0 100% 5 5
Bridges
43
 V. RANUDO EXTENSION (114 M)
QUANTI EQUIVALE
INSPECTED INSPECTI PAVEMENT MAINTEN REMAININ
CO TY OF NT
DEFECTS DEFECTS ON GRADE CONDITION ANCE G SERVICE
DE DEFEC WEIGHT
(Km) (%) INDEX (PCI) NEEDED LIFE
TS (%)
S
17.9
1 Potholes q 157.7763158 0% 15 0
865
m
S
2 Alligator Cracks q 0.16 1.403508772 75% 10 7.5
m
S
3 Major Scaling q 0 0 100% 9 9
m
S
Shoving and
4 q 3.85 33.77192982 0% 8 0
Corrugation
m
S
Pumping and
5 q 0 0 100% 8 8
Depression
m
E 228 2000 0%
C No/Faded L 114 1000 0%
6 8 2
Y Markings m 114 1000 0%
MINOR
P 0 100% REHABILIT 1.776191345
Low/Inverted L 58.5 ATION
7 513.8596491 0% 8 0
Shoulder m 8
L
8 Lush Vegetation 5.5 48.24561404 50% 3 1.5
m
L
9 Clogged Drains 0 0 100% 5 5
m
pc
10 Open Manhole 4 35.0877193 0% 5 0
/s
No/Inadequate L
11 0 0 100% 3 3
Sealant in Joints m
L
12 Cracks 20.7 181.5789474 100% 5 5
m
S
4.92
13 Ravelling q 43.16929825 50% 5 2.5
13
m
Unmaintained pc
14 1 1 100% 3 3
Signages s
Unmaintained n
15 0 0 100% 5 5
Bridges o
51.5
0.114 1.776191345 52
 CREEKSIDE ST. (175 M)
INSPECTI EQUIVALE
QUANTIT INSPECTED PAVEMENT MAINTEN REMAININ
CO ON NT
DEFECTS Y OF DEFECTS CONDITION ANCE G SERVICE
DE GRADE WEIGHT
DEFECTS (Km) INDEX (PCI) NEEDED LIFE
(%) (%)
Sq 20.12
1 Potholes 115.0211429 0% 15 0
m 87
Sq
2 Alligator Cracks 0.7 4 0% 10 0
m
Sq
3 Major Scaling 0 0 100% 9 9
m
Shoving and Sq 3.732
4 21.328 0% 8 0
Corrugation m 4
Pumping and Sq
5 0 0 100% 8 8
Depression m
E 350 2000 0%
C No/Faded L 175 1000 0%
6 8 2
Y Markings m 175 1000 0%
P 0 100%
Low/Inverted L MINOR
7 33.8 193.1428571 0% 8 0
Shoulder m REHABILIT 1.020897124
L ATION
8 Lush Vegetation 0 0 100% 3 3
m
L
9 Clogged Drains 0 0 100% 5 5
m
pc/
10 Open Manhole 2 11.42857143 0% 5 0
s
No/Inadequate L
11 0 0 100% 3 3
Sealant in Joints m
L
12 Cracks 0 0 100% 5 5
m
Sq 49.80
13 Ravelling 284.6102857 0% 5 0
m 68
Unmaintained pc
14 0 0 100% 3 3
Signages s
Unmaintained
15 no 0 0 100% 5 5
Bridges

43

0.175 1.020897124 43

III. DISCUSSIONS
Table 4.3

PCI of Every Roads

100
90
80
70
PCI VALUE

60
50
40
30 62 63
51
20 40 43 43
36
10
0
M. Logarta St. Zulueta St. A. Bonifacio Ibarra St. A. Jereza St. V. Ranudo Creekside St.
St. Extension
ROAD SECTION
In table 4.3, it shows that local roads in Cebu City are in need of proper maintenance. The results of the tests suggest that from the samples, most
of the local roads are in need of maintenance ranging from corrective maintenance to major rehabilitation.
The measured quantity of potholes in most element of the data is also very alarming. The difference of the measured defect from what is
on the criteria are way too much. Also, the most common lack of the local roads are the road markings. Out of the 7 samples, none has any proper
road markings.