MECANIZADO DE UNA PIEZA EN TORNO

Croquis de la pieza

Especificaciones de la pieza
- Refrentado “acabado directo”
- Cilindrado
o Desbaste
o Acabado
Operaciones a realizar

Refrentado
Consiste en cortar la cara del eje y dejarlo perpendicular como se muestra en la
imagen

Imagen 1: Esquema de una operación de Refrentado

Cilindrado
Consiste en llegar a los diámetros aproximados aplicando el desbaste y posteriormente
el acabado.
Desbaste. - Consiste en desprender material en gran cantidad

Imagen 2: Esquema de una operación de Cilindrado

Acabado. - Consiste en definir las dimensiones del material, desprendiendo

poca cantidad de material

Imagen 2: Esquema de una operación de Cilindrado

Material de partida
El material a manufacturar es un aluminio UNS 4130 de 85mm de diámetro de 210mm de
longitud.

Kc1=550N/mm2
Mc=0.25

Página 9 catálogo de sandvik

REALIZAR
1. SELECCIÓN HERRAMIENTA DE CORTE
Cilindrado
 Pag 90 catalogo sandvik 2010
Ap=1.5(0.5-5)mm
Fn=0.3(0.15-0.6)
Vc=2000m/min
Ranurado

La=2.00
Re=0.20
Ar=18.8
Pagina 115 catalogo de sandvik

2. SELECCIÓN HERRAMIENTA DE SUJECIÓN

cilindrado
 Pag 100 catalogo sandvik 2010
Ranurado

3. PARÁMETROS DE CORTE (cálculos)

Kc1=550N/mm2
Mc=0.25
Ap=1.5(0.5-5)mm
Fn=0.3(0.15-0.6)
Vc=2000m/min
Kr=95º
REFRENTADO
𝑎𝑝 = 0.2
𝑓𝑛 = 0.3
𝑉𝑐 = 200𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑘𝑟 = 95°
𝑘𝑐1 = 870 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2
𝑚𝑐 = 0.28
𝐷𝑜 = 75𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑐 ∗ 1000
𝑁=
𝜋∗𝐷
200 ∗ 1000
𝑁= = 848.826 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝜋 ∗ 75
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑁
𝑉𝑓 = 0.1 ∗ 848.826 = 84.8826
ℎ𝑚 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑘𝑟)
ℎ𝑚 = 0.3 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(95º) = 0.2988𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑐 = 𝑘𝑐1 ∗ ℎ𝑚−𝑚𝑐
𝑘𝑐 = 550 ∗ 0.2988−0.25 = 743.9051 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2
𝑉𝑐 ∗ 𝑎𝑝 ∗ 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑘𝑐
𝑃𝑐 =
60 ∗ 103
200 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 0.3 ∗ 743.9051
𝑃𝑐 = = 0.148781 𝑘𝑊
60 ∗ 103
 4. CILINDRADOS
DESBASTE: ACABADO
CILINDRADO 1
𝑎𝑝 = 0.2 𝑎𝑝 = 0.25
𝑓𝑛 = 0.35 𝑓𝑛 = 0.20
𝑉𝑐 = 200𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑐 = 250𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑘𝑟 = 95° 𝑘𝑟 = 95°
𝑘𝑐1 = 870 𝑁⁄ 𝑘𝑐1 = 870 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
𝑚𝑐 = 0.28 𝑚𝑐 = 0.28
𝐷𝑜 = 75𝑚𝑚 𝐷𝑜 = 70.5𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑓 = 70.5 𝐷𝑓 = 70
𝑉𝑐 ∗ 1000 𝑉𝑐 ∗ 1000
𝑁= 𝑁=
𝜋∗𝐷 𝜋∗𝐷
200 ∗ 1000 250 ∗ 1000
𝑁= = 903.006 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑁= = 1136.82 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝜋 ∗ 70.5 𝜋 ∗ 70
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑁 𝑉𝑓 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑁
𝑉𝑓 = 0.35 ∗ 903.006 = 316.0521𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑉𝑓 = 0.20 ∗ 1136.82 = 227.364 𝑟𝑝𝑚
ℎ𝑚 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑘𝑟 ℎ𝑚 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑘𝑟
ℎ𝑚 = 0.35 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛95 = 0.348𝑚𝑚 ℎ𝑚 = 0.2 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛95 = 0.199 𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑐 = 𝑘𝑐1 ∗ ℎ𝑚−𝑚𝑐 𝑘𝑐 = 𝑘𝑐1 ∗ ℎ𝑚−𝑚𝑐

𝑘𝑐 = 870 ∗ 0.348−0.28 = 1168.540 𝑁⁄ 𝑘𝑐 = 870 ∗ 0.199−0.28 = 1366.766 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
𝑉𝑐 ∗ 𝑎𝑝 ∗ 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑘𝑐 𝑉𝑐 ∗ 𝑎𝑝 ∗ 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑘𝑐
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑃𝑐 =
60 ∗ 103 60 ∗ 103
200 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 0.35 ∗ 1168.540 250 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 1366.766
𝑃𝑐 = = 0.272 𝑘𝑊 𝑃𝑐 = = 0.284 𝑘𝑊
60 ∗ 103 60 ∗ 103

CILINDRADO 2
𝑎𝑝 = 0.2 𝑎𝑝 = 0.25
𝑓𝑛 = 0.35 𝑓𝑛 = 0.20
𝑉𝑐 = 200𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑐 = 250𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑘𝑟 = 95° 𝑘𝑟 = 95°
𝑘𝑐1 = 870 𝑁⁄ 𝑘𝑐1 = 870 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
𝑚𝑐 = 0.28 𝑚𝑐 = 0.28
𝐷𝑜 = 70.5𝑚𝑚 𝐷𝑜 = 56.5𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑓 = 56.5 𝐷𝑓 = 56
 𝑉𝑐 ∗ 1000 𝑉𝑐 ∗ 1000
𝑁= 𝑁=
𝜋∗𝐷 𝜋∗𝐷
200 ∗ 1000 250 ∗ 1000
𝑁= = 1126.76 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑁= = 1421.026 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝜋 ∗ 56.5 𝜋 ∗ 56
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑁 𝑉𝑓 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑁
𝑉𝑓 = 0.35 ∗ 1126.76 = 394.366𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑉𝑓 = 0.20 ∗ 1421.026 = 284.205 𝑟𝑝𝑚
ℎ𝑚 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑘𝑟 ℎ𝑚 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑘𝑟
ℎ𝑚 = 0.35 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛95 = 0.348𝑚𝑚 ℎ𝑚 = 0.2 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛95 = 0.199 𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑐 = 𝑘𝑐1 ∗ ℎ𝑚−𝑚𝑐 𝑘𝑐 = 𝑘𝑐1 ∗ ℎ𝑚−𝑚𝑐

𝑘𝑐 = 870 ∗ 0.348−0.28 = 1168.540 𝑁⁄ 𝑘𝑐 = 870 ∗ 0.199−0.28 = 1366.766 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
𝑉𝑐 ∗ 𝑎𝑝 ∗ 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑘𝑐 𝑉𝑐 ∗ 𝑎𝑝 ∗ 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑘𝑐
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑃𝑐 =
60 ∗ 103 60 ∗ 103
200 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 0.35 ∗ 1168.540 250 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 1366.766
𝑃𝑐 = = 0.272 𝑘𝑊 𝑃𝑐 = = 0.284 𝑘𝑊
60 ∗ 103 60 ∗ 103

CILINDRADO 3
𝑎𝑝 = 0.2 𝑎𝑝 = 0.25
𝑓𝑛 = 0.35 𝑓𝑛 = 0.20
𝑉𝑐 = 200𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑐 = 250𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑘𝑟 = 95° 𝑘𝑟 = 95°
𝑘𝑐1 = 870 𝑁⁄ 𝑘𝑐1 = 870 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
𝑚𝑐 = 0.28 𝑚𝑐 = 0.28
𝐷𝑜 = 56.5𝑚𝑚 𝐷𝑜 = 40.5𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑓 = 40.5 𝐷𝑓 = 40
𝑉𝑐 ∗ 1000 𝑉𝑐 ∗ 1000
𝑁= 𝑁=
𝜋∗𝐷 𝜋∗𝐷
200 ∗ 1000 250 ∗ 1000
𝑁= = 1571.900 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑁= = 1989.436 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝜋 ∗ 40.5 𝜋 ∗ 40
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑁 𝑉𝑓 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑁
𝑉𝑓 = 0.35 ∗ 1571.900 = 550.165 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑉𝑓 = 0.20 ∗ 1989.436 = 397.88 𝑟𝑝𝑚
ℎ𝑚 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑘𝑟 ℎ𝑚 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑘𝑟
ℎ𝑚 = 0.35 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛95 = 0.348𝑚𝑚 ℎ𝑚 = 0.2 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛95 = 0.199 𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑐 = 𝑘𝑐1 ∗ ℎ𝑚−𝑚𝑐 𝑘𝑐 = 𝑘𝑐1 ∗ ℎ𝑚−𝑚𝑐

𝑘𝑐 = 870 ∗ 0.348−0.28 = 1168.540 𝑁⁄ 𝑘𝑐 = 870 ∗ 0.199−0.28 = 1366.766 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
𝑉𝑐 ∗ 𝑎𝑝 ∗ 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑘𝑐 𝑉𝑐 ∗ 𝑎𝑝 ∗ 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑘𝑐
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑃𝑐 =
60 ∗ 103 60 ∗ 103
 200 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 0.35 ∗ 1168.540 250 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 1366.766
𝑃𝑐 = = 0.272 𝑘𝑊 𝑃𝑐 = = 0.284 𝑘𝑊
60 ∗ 103 60 ∗ 103

CILINDRADO 4
𝑎𝑝 = 0.2 𝑎𝑝 = 0.25
𝑓𝑛 = 0.35 𝑓𝑛 = 0.20
𝑉𝑐 = 200𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑐 = 250𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑘𝑟 = 95° 𝑘𝑟 = 95°
𝑘𝑐1 = 870 𝑁⁄ 𝑘𝑐1 = 870 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
𝑚𝑐 = 0.28 𝑚𝑐 = 0.28
𝐷𝑜 = 40.5𝑚𝑚 𝐷𝑜 = 30.5𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑓 = 30.5 𝐷𝑓 = 30
𝑉𝑐 ∗ 1000 𝑉𝑐 ∗ 1000
𝑁= 𝑁=
𝜋∗𝐷 𝜋∗𝐷
200 ∗ 1000 250 ∗ 1000
𝑁= = 2087.277 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑁= = 2652.582 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝜋 ∗ 30.5 𝜋 ∗ 30
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑁 𝑉𝑓 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑁
𝑉𝑓 = 0.35 ∗ 2087.277 = 730.546 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑉𝑓 = 0.20 ∗ 2652.582 = 530.516 𝑟𝑝𝑚
ℎ𝑚 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑘𝑟 ℎ𝑚 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑘𝑟
ℎ𝑚 = 0.35 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛95 = 0.348𝑚𝑚 ℎ𝑚 = 0.2 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛95 = 0.199 𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑐 = 𝑘𝑐1 ∗ ℎ𝑚−𝑚𝑐 𝑘𝑐 = 𝑘𝑐1 ∗ ℎ𝑚−𝑚𝑐

𝑘𝑐 = 870 ∗ 0.348−0.28 = 1168.540 𝑁⁄ 𝑘𝑐 = 870 ∗ 0.199−0.28 = 1366.766 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
𝑉𝑐 ∗ 𝑎𝑝 ∗ 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑘𝑐 𝑉𝑐 ∗ 𝑎𝑝 ∗ 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑘𝑐
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑃𝑐 =
60 ∗ 103 60 ∗ 103
200 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 0.35 ∗ 1168.540 250 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 1366.766
𝑃𝑐 = = 0.272 𝑘𝑊 𝑃𝑐 = = 0.284 𝑘𝑊
60 ∗ 103 60 ∗ 103

CILINDRADO 5
𝑎𝑝 = 0.2 𝑎𝑝 = 0.25
𝑓𝑛 = 0.35 𝑓𝑛 = 0.20
𝑉𝑐 = 200𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑐 = 250𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑘𝑟 = 95° 𝑘𝑟 = 95°
𝑘𝑐1 = 870 𝑁⁄ 𝑘𝑐1 = 870 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
𝑚𝑐 = 0.28 𝑚𝑐 = 0.28
𝐷𝑜 = 30.5𝑚𝑚 𝐷𝑜 = 20.5𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑓 = 20.5 𝐷𝑓 = 20
 𝑉𝑐 ∗ 1000 𝑉𝑐 ∗ 1000
𝑁= 𝑁=
𝜋∗𝐷 𝜋∗𝐷
200 ∗ 1000 250 ∗ 1000
𝑁= = 3105.462 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑁= = 3978.873 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝜋 ∗ 30.5 𝜋 ∗ 20
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑁 𝑉𝑓 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑁
𝑉𝑓 = 0.35 ∗ 3105.462 = 1086.911 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑉𝑓 = 0.20 ∗ 3978.873 = 795.774 𝑟𝑝𝑚
ℎ𝑚 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑘𝑟 ℎ𝑚 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑘𝑟
ℎ𝑚 = 0.35 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛95 = 0.348𝑚𝑚 ℎ𝑚 = 0.2 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛95 = 0.199 𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑐 = 𝑘𝑐1 ∗ ℎ𝑚−𝑚𝑐 𝑘𝑐 = 𝑘𝑐1 ∗ ℎ𝑚−𝑚𝑐

𝑘𝑐 = 870 ∗ 0.348−0.28 = 1168.540 𝑁⁄ 𝑘𝑐 = 870 ∗ 0.199−0.28 = 1366.766 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
𝑉𝑐 ∗ 𝑎𝑝 ∗ 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑘𝑐 𝑉𝑐 ∗ 𝑎𝑝 ∗ 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑘𝑐
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑃𝑐 =
60 ∗ 103 60 ∗ 103
200 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 0.35 ∗ 1168.540 250 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 1366.766
𝑃𝑐 = = 0.272 𝑘𝑊 𝑃𝑐 = = 0.284 𝑘𝑊
60 ∗ 103 60 ∗ 103

5. RANURADO
𝑎𝑝 = 2
𝑓𝑛 = 0.08
𝑉𝑐 = 100𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑘𝑟 = 90°
𝑘𝑐1 = 870 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2
𝑚𝑐 = 0.28
𝐷𝑜 = 56𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑓 = 52
𝑉𝑐 ∗ 1000
𝑁=
𝜋∗𝐷
100 ∗ 1000
𝑁= = 612.134 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝜋 ∗ 52
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑁
𝑉𝑓 = 0.08 ∗ 612.134 = 48.970𝑟𝑝𝑚
ℎ𝑚 = 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑘𝑟
ℎ𝑚 = 0.08 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛90 = 0.08 𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑐 = 𝑘𝑐1 ∗ ℎ𝑚−𝑚𝑐
 𝑘𝑐 = 870 ∗ 0.08−0.28 = 1764.631 𝑁⁄
𝑚𝑚2
𝑉𝑐 ∗ 𝑎𝑝 ∗ 𝑓𝑛 ∗ 𝑘𝑐
𝑃𝑐 =
60 ∗ 103
100 ∗ 2 ∗ 0.08 ∗ 1764.631
𝑃𝑐 = = 0.470 𝑘𝑊
60 ∗ 103

6. HOJA DE PROCESOS
1. HOJA DE PROCESOS
Nombre del proceso: torneado Revisa:
HOJA N0: 1 de 1 Autoriza:
RESPONSABLE:

(COLOCAR EL PLANO DE LA PIEZA)

Longitud:
DEPARTAMENTO: ing automoriz
Diámetro:

OPERACIONES
CROQUIS DE
OPERACIÓN PARÁMETROS HERRAMIENTAS
OPERACIÓN
VC=
N=
ap=
CILINDRADO fn=
Vf=
Kc=
Pc=
refrentado