10 Nov, 2017

Engr. Abdul Rehman

a.rehman@ntu.edu.pk

Department of Polymer Engineering

National Textile University, Faisalabad.
 Course details
 Aims & objectives
 Course contents
 Introduction
 Examples
 Basics of Mechanics
 Course Duration
 18 weeks teaching (2nd Oct, 2017 --- 19th Jan, 2018)
 Mid Term Exams (20th Nov, 2017 -- 24th Nov, 2017)
 Final Exams (15th Jan, 2018 --- 19th Jan, 2018)

 Assessment:
 Mid Term Examination
 Final Examination
 One assignments during the course duration
 2 Short Quiz tests during the course duration
 One 5-10 min presentation on specific topic during the course duration
 Text Book:
 I. M. Ward and J. Sweeney, “The Mechanical Properties of Solid
Polymers”, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2006
 Reference Books:
 L. E. Nielsen, “Mechanical properties of polymers”, Van Nostrand
Reinhold, 1962
 G.M. Swallowe, “Mechanical Properties and testing of Polymers”,
Springer, 1999
 F.W Billmeyer, “Textbook of Polymer Science”, John Wiley & Sons,
2007
 Websites:
 “The macrogallaria” – a virtual introduction to polymers
http://www.psrc.usm.edu/macrog/index.htm
 Info bank over the properties of Polymer Materials
www.metaweb.com
 Aim’s:

 To highlight the mechanical behavior of polymers at a fairly

fundamental level;

 To illustrate the complex interaction needed between the mechanics and

Polymer Engineering to produce a polymer product for desired end use

applications.
 Objective’s:
The course is designed to;

 Discuss the challenges of turning a polymer into an industrial product

on the basis of their mechanical behavior.

 Understand definitions and terminology related to mechanical

performance (ductility, toughness, fatigue resistance, fatigue strength);

 Understand mechanical performance under non trivial loading

 Understand relations between microstructure and mechanical

performance
 Mechanical Properties
 Stress-Strain Relationship
 Elongation at Break
 Tensile Strength
 Tear Strength
 Impact Strength
 Modulus
 Toughness
 Ductility
 Yield Point
 Concept of Hardness and Measurement
 Abrasion Resistance
 Thermal Properties
 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

 Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)

 Thermo Mechanical Analysis (TMA)

 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)

 Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA)

 Vicat Softening Temperature

 Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI)

 Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT)

 Optical Properties
 Transmittance & Reflectance
 Color
 Gloss
 Haze
 Transparency

 Chemical Properties
 Resistance to solvents
 Vapor permeability
 Weathering
 Structural Analysis

 What atoms polymer contains, bonds, functional groups

 Thermal Analysis

 How polymer behaves at different temperatures

 Mechanical Properties
 How polymer behaves under various kinds of stresses
 Size exclusion chromatography

 Mn, Mw, Mz

 Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization

 Mn, Mw, Mz

 Ultracentrifugation
 Mn, Mw, Mz
 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

 Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

 Raman Spectroscopy

 Size Exclusion Chromatography

 Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization

 Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy
 Identification of unknown polymers
 Identification of additives
 Analysis of crosslinked polymers

 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

 Chemical structure
 End group determination
 Molecular weight distribution

 Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization

 Molecular weight
 End group identification
 Amorphous Polymers
 Glass Transition
 Physical Aging

 Crystalline Polymers
 Crystallinity
 Melting point
 Morphology

 Liquid Crystal Polymers

 Phase transition

 Blends and copolymers

 Miscibility
 Composition
 Transmittance and Reflectance
 For transparent materials, transmittance is used
 For opaque materials, Reflectance is used

 Color
 Transmitted beam reflected spectrum is measured at each
wavelength on the visible spectrum continuum.

 Gloss
 Selective reflectance of a shiny surface.

 Haze
 Transparent materials, % transmitted light

 Transparency
 State permitting perception of objects through.
 Resistance to solvents

 Swelling: Absorption of water

 Environmental stress cracking: Stressed specimen present in

organic solvent

 Vapor Permeability

 Measured by rate of transfer of vapor through polymer.

 Weathering
 Measured under artificial conditions
 Stress Strain Properties

 Stress is applied and strain is measured.

 From stress-strain curve important properties are obtained;

 Modulus or Stiffness

 Yield Stress

 Strength
 Elongation at break
 Fatigue Testing
 Cyclic mechanical stresses are subjected on the sample.

 Impact Test
 Divide the materials under two categories
 Brittle (does not yield or draw)
 Ductile (Yields)

 Tear Resistance
 Important in the case when polymer is used as films i.e. packaging

 Hardness
 Resistance to penetration by indentor

 Abrasion Resistance
 Polymer is subjected to scratches