(Electrically) Large Applications

&
Integral Equation solver

Agenda:
I-Solver Overview
Key Features
Large Structures / Applications

1 jeb / v1.0 / 03. Mar. 2009 www.cst.com | Mar-09

 I-solver overview
 Areas of application
 Far-field & RCS computation
 S-parameter calculation
 For electrically large structures &
mid-size structures (≥ 0.1-1 λ)

 Excitations
 Waveguide port
 Discrete face port
 Plane wave
 Farfield MP source
 Current source

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 I-solver is based on …

Discretization Surface mesh

by Method of
Moments (MoM)
 
E(r )  i   g (r  r ' ) J (r ' )   2g (r  r ' )'J (r ' ) dS '
S

Multilevel Fast
Multi-Pole
Method
(MLFMM)

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 Idea of MLFMM

 MoM
 Each element couples to all
other elements
Dense matrices
 FMM
 Use boxes to combine
coupling
Sparser matrices
 MLFMM
 Recursive scheme
O(N log N) complexity

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 I-solver – Solver overview
1st order
 Direct & iterative solvers (MoM, MLFMM)
 Automatic pre-conditioning
 Higher order element discretization 2nd order
 Up to 3rd order discretization including mixed order
 Open & electric boundary conditions
3rd order
 Perfect ground plane

 Automatic surface mesh generation

 Automatic mesh refinement at critical edges
 NASTRAN mesh import

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 Key features of I-solver
I-solver – Integral Equation solver

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 New Features – I-solver 2009

 Specific features for large structures

 Multi-pole field source
 Current source
 Infinite ground-plane
 Fast Farfield calculation (for MLFMM solvers)
 Higher accuracy & speed for the radiated power
calculation

 Some examples…

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 Multipole Field Source excitation
 Example: Dipole
 Reference simulation
1. Simulation with FFsource
2. Simulation with FFsource & Multi-poles
 Dialog

8 www.cst.com  Mar-09
 Multipole Field Source excitation
 Example: Dipole
 Reference simulation
1. Simulation with FFsource
2. Simulation with FFsource & Multi-poles

Nearfields are better,

if multi-poles are considered

Reference FFsource FFsource & MP

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 Current source (Definition)

*.rsd file

CableMod

I-Solver supports rsd file format:

Filamentary source

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 Current source (Solver Setup)
1. Select Source type: List
2. Click on Select...
3. Choose excitation
4. Specify frequency samples
5. Start simulation

All standard results and I-solver monitors are available.

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 Current field source excitation
 Excitation at 250 MHz
 1st order MLFMM-AP
 3min sim. time

Nastran import

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 Current field source excitation
 Excitation at 250 MHz Surface current
 1st order MLFMM-AP
 3min sim. time

E-field on surface

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 Infinite Ground-plane

 Spiral antenna over ground plane

 74mm, 5-6 GHz, ~1.5λ
 1st order, 2.500 dof, 100 MB, ~30min

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 Antenna Applications
for electrically large structures

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 Applications – Aircraft at 4 GHz

Surface mesh

 26.4m x 26.6m x 7.7m  352λ x 355λ x 103λ at 4 GHz

 780.000 unknowns, 1st order MLFMM

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 Aircraft with antenna at 4 GHz
Dipole antenna on top of fuselage

3D Farfield plot

 26.4m x 26.6m x 7.7m  352λ x 355λ x 103λ at 4 GHz

 780.000 unknowns, 1st order MLFMM
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 Apache Helicopter at 17 GHz

Bi-conical
antenna

Surface mesh

3D Farfield plot
Surface currents
7.30m x 6.10m x 2.30m  414λ x 346λ x 130λ at 17 GHz
19 1.3M Surface mesh cells, 1st order MLFMM
 Electrically large applications
 Ship & sea water (ε=80),  Dielectric lens (ε=2.53),
25 MHz 34.5 GHz

Horn feed
143x30x3.5m Far-field

17cm
Mono-pole
antenna

Far-field
Surface current

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 900 MHz simulation for buildings
(outdoor/indoor)

Simulation time: 5h 46min

Memory: 60 GB, 818k surface cells

Surface mesh

Farfield source
Excitation

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 Dimensions of the buildings

25m
7.5m
Concrete 20m

8.6m

2m
25m Dry soil

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 Results at 900 MHz

 3D-Farfield
 E-field, clamped to 1 V/m

outside

inside

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Electrically large applications
 Horn antenna with dish at 30 GHz

50λ

Radiation pattern

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Electrically large applications
 360° RCS analysis, 0.5  Tank on ground, 1 GHz
GHz
Plane
Mono-static RCS wave
13m 8m
(horizontal plane)
1° step size

Incident Surface current

plane wave
direction

Far-field

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 Integral Equation solver
Summary

 Best for electrically large structures

 Optimal complexity (memory & time)

 Arbitrary material combination

 Various excitations

 Embedded in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®

 Antenna applications:
 Farfield MP source

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