Green algae at the shoreline area--BORACAY

Environmental/Technological
Impact Assessment
*done by a team of experts
engineers biologists statistician
devcom/com.arts chemists agriculturist
foresters veterinarian etc

*includes SOCIAL COMPONENT

(Sociologists)
*work done from 6months to 2 yrs.
*need to come with EIS
(=environmental impact statement)
*if given a go signal will get ECC from
EMB of DENR
(environmental compliance certificate)
(Environmental Management Bureau)
SEMIRARA OPEN PIT COAL MINE
Open-pit, open-cast or open cut mining

is a surface mining technique of extracting

rock or minerals from the earth by their
removal from an open pit or borrow.

This form of miningdiffers from extractive

methods that require tunneling into the
earth, such as long wall mining.
The worlds biggest open pit iron mine------near Hibbing,
Minnesota.
area covered by the Hull Rust open pit mine is 5 miles
(8km) long, 2 miles (3,2km) wide and 535 feet (180m) deep.
It looks like a man-made Grand Canyon of over 2,000
acres (8,1km²).
"the Richest Hole on Earth."produced yearly at Bingham Canyon is
US$1.8 billion dollars

extracts daily approximately 450,000 tons of rock out of the mine.

Aerial view Bingham Canyon Mine

THE GRAND DADDY OF ALL Cu Mining
Bingham Canyon Mine, located near Salt Lake
City, is the world's deepest man-made open pit
excavation
• Environmentally Critical Projects

• Environmentally Critical Areas

Environmentally Critical Projects
• I. HEAVY INDUSTRIES
• 1. non=ferrous metal industries
• 2. iron & steel mills
• 3. petroleum & petrochemical industries
including oil & gas
• 4. smelting plants
I. Heavy Industries
1. non-ferrous metal industries
2. iron & steel mills
3. petroleum and petrochemical
industries including oil & gas
4. smelting plants
II. Resource
Extractive Industries

1. major mining & quarrying projects

2. forestry projects—
a.logging b.wood processing
c. introduction of exotic flora & fauna
d. extraction of mangrove products
e. grazing
.
3. fishery projects---
dikes/fishpond dev. Proj.
III. Infrastructure
1. major dams----Pantabangan,La Mesa
2. major power plants
a. fossil fuel
b. nuclear power
c. hydroelectric or geothermal
d. wind/ solar power
3. major roads & bridges –NLEX/SLEX
• 4. major reclamation areas---manila bay
Reclamation area in Cebu
• ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL AREAS
1.All declared national parks (protected
areas)
watershed reserves, wildlife reserves and
sanctuaries
2. Aesthetically Tourist Areas
3. Habitat of Endangered Species
4. Historical, Archeological, Scientific
Interests/Sites
5. Occupied by Cultural Communities
6. Frequently Visited by Natural
Calamities
7. With Critical Slopes
8. Prime Agricultural Lands
9. Recharged Areas of Aquifers
10. Waterbodies

11. Mangrove Areas

12. Coral Reefs

1. All declared national parks (protected
areas) watershed reserves, wildlife reserves
and sanctuaries
The Great Barrier
Reef of Australia
A view of Australia's Great
Barrier Reef in this undated aerial file
picture. Australia will create the
largest network of marine parks in the
world, protecting waters covering an
area as large as India while banning
oil and gas exploration and limiting
commercial fishing in some of the

most sensitive areas.

2. Aesthetically Tourist Areas
UN Heritage Sites in the Phil.
1. Banaue Rice Terraces
2. Old Churches of Vigan
3. St. Paul Subterranean Park
4. Apo Reef Island
3. Habitat of Endangered Species
Mt. Apo of the Phil. Eagle
Mt.Iglit-Baco of
Tamaraw in Mindoro
Philippine Tarsier –Bohol,
Samar, Leyte
DONSOL, SORSOGON
4. Historical, Archeological,
Scientific Interests/Sites
5. Occupied by Cultural Communities
Mangyans in Mindoro
Ifugao of Cordillera
T’boli in Cotabato
6. Frequently Visited by Natural
Calamities
Bicol Area hardly hit by typhoons
Munoz, Nueva Ecija
Earthquake Belt Areas
7. With Critical Slopes
(CORDILLERA, NUEVA ECIJA)
Baguio, Benguet, Sagada,

BONTOC
8. Prime Agricultural Lands
-mostly converted to real estate business
- Sta. Rosa
San Pedro
Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan
10. Waterbodies
Laguna de Bay Taal Lake Lake Sebu
Bauis Bay, Negros Palanan seascape, Isabela
 STEPS OF EIA PROCESS
1.SCREENING
2. SCOPING
3. Baseline studies
4. Impact prediction, Assessment
Mitigation
5. EIS preparation/review
6. Public Consultation
7. Monitoring
1.SCREENING
*the proj. really requires EIA
because of the impacts
Social, Medical or Health,
Cultural, Biological, Economic
Ecological
1.SCREENING
---physical areas covered,
extensions or expansions
---what barangay------
terrestrial (forest/lowland) or
aquatic bases
2. SCOPING
*issues & impacts should theEIA
address
--- real area covered by the
assessment
• 3. Baseline Studies
*establish environmental
baseline data
*all relevant info on the
current status of the envi.
*basis for assessment of
future impacts
4. Impact Prediction, Mitigation
& Assessment
---direct & indirect impacts
are predicted
MITIGATION
--alternative solutions in case
of problems/accidents
• IMPACTS
• Direct---or primary impact
• Indirect---or secondary
MITIGATION
--alternative solutions in case
of problems/accidents
• MITIGATION
• avoid ; lessen
• reduce ; alleviate
• remedy ; compensate
• enhance
4. Impact Prediction, Mitigation
& Assessment
ASSESSMENT
*evaluating the significance
of the impacts---socio-economic,
health, ecological
*can be used by decision-makers when
determining the fate of the project
• 5. EIS Preparation
Environmental Impact Statement
= document submitted &
reviewed to/by EMB
= includes non-technical summary
= if approved, ECC is granted to
the proponent
• 6. Public Consultation
• --announced to LGU/
• communities & other
• institutions
• 7. Monitoring
• should determine:
*the accuracy of original predictions
*the degree of deviation from predictions
• *the possible reasons for deviations
• *the extent to which mitigation
measures have achieved their
• objectives