Materials Science and Engineering 206(196) Prof. W.D.

Nix
Imperfections in Crystalline Solids Winter Quarter, 2006

Course Outline

I. Introduction and Classification of Defects According to Dimensionality

II. Stress, Strain and Isotropic Elasticity (will not be covered in lecture) This will be
covered this material, as needed, in the discussion sessions)

A. Stress and Strain at a Point

B Transformation to Different Coordinate Systems
C. Isotropic Elasticity
D. Strain Energy

III. Atomic Point Defects

A. Impurity Atoms in Crystals

1. Substitutional Defects
2. Interstitial Defects
3. Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Defects
4. Continuum Model of Point Defect Displacements
5. Atomic Size Factors
6. King Tables

B. Elastic Continuum Model of Point Defects

1. Misfitting Sphere Problem
2. Applications of the Model

C. Thermodynamics of Solute Atoms in Crystals

1. Enthalpy and Entropy Effects
2. Equilibrium Concentrations

D. Vacancy Thermodynamics in Crystals

1. Enthalpy and Entropy Effects
2. Equilibrium Concentrations
3. Stress Effects on Equilibrium Defect Concentrations
4. Theoretical Foundation for Diffusional Creep

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Materials Science and Engineering 206(196) Prof. W.D. Nix
Imperfections in Crystalline Solids Winter Quarter, 2006

5. Vacancy Chemical Potential

E. Experimental Techniques for Obtaining Defect Properties

1. Quenching-Resistivity Experiments
2. Lattice Parameter Measurements

F. Divacancies and Other Vacancy Complexes

G. Point Defects in Ionic Crystals

1. Imperfection Equilibria
2. Brouwer Diagram

IV. Geometrical Properties of Dislocations

A. Introduction to Dislocations
1. Slip in a Perfect Lattice and by Dislocation Movement
2. Geometry of Dislocations
3. Glide, Cross-Slip and Climb Motion
3. Geometrical Properties of Dislocations
(a) Volterra Dislocations
(b) Vector Descriptions
(c) Frank's Rule

B. Origin of Dislocations in Crystals

1. Grown-in Dislocations
2. Grain Boundary Sources
3. Frank-Read and Related Sources

C. Techniques for Observing Dislocations

1. Etch Pitting Methods
2. Diffraction Contrast Methods

V. Elastic Properties of Dislocations

A. Elastic Properties of Isolated Dislocations

1. Stress Fields for Screw Dislocations

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Materials Science and Engineering 206(196) Prof. W.D. Nix
Imperfections in Crystalline Solids Winter Quarter, 2006

2. Stress Fields for Edge Dislocations

3. Elastic Energy of the Screw Dislocation
4. Elastic Energy of the Edge Dislocation
5. Line Tension and Dislocation Bowing

B. Forces on Dislocations
1. Reversible Work Effects
2. Peach-Koehler Formula
3. Applications

C. Arrays of Dislocations
1. Pile-ups
2. Low Angle Boundaries

D. Dislocation Line Energy and Line Tension

1. Line Energy
2. Line Tension

E. Image Dislocations
1. Simple Solutions for Screw Dislocations
2. Multiple Interface Problems

F. Misfit Dislocations
1. Thin Film / Substrate Problems
2. Precipitate / Matrix Problems

VI. Structure of Dislocations

A. Jogs and Kinks

1. Dislocation Intersections
2. Peierls Nabarro Model for the Dislocation Core
3. Kink Nucleation and Motion
4. Diffusion Controlled Climb

B Extended Dislocations in FCC Crystals

1. Slip by Partial Dislocations

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Materials Science and Engineering 206(196) Prof. W.D. Nix
Imperfections in Crystalline Solids Winter Quarter, 2006

2. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Stacking Faults

3. Equilibrium Spacing between Partials
4. Thompson Tetrahedron
(a) Shockley Partials
(b) Frank Partials
(c) Lomer-Cottrell Dislocations
(d) Stair-Rod Dislocations
(e) Extension of Dislocation Nodes

C. Dislocation Core Structures in Other Crystals

1. BCC Metals
2. HCP Metals
3. Ordered Intermetallic Alloys
4. Superalloys
5. Silicon
6. Compound Semiconductors

VII. Internal Boundaries in Solids

A. Thermodynamics of Interfaces
1. Surface Energy and Surface Tension
2. Surface Stress

B. Kinetic of Boundary Migration

1. Boundary Curvature Effects
2. Triple Junctions

C. High Angle Grain Boundaries

1. Classification of Grain Boundaries
2. Structure of High Angle Boundaries
(a) Coincident Site Lattice
(b) Grain Boundary Dislocations

D. Phase Boundaries

E. Configurational Boundaries