ADVANCE STRUCTURE

BASIC SENTENCE

Create by:
1. Citra Azlika 1502050202
2. Yudha Pratama Novarizal 1502050204
3. Debi Adisti 1502050205

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH NORTH SUMATERA
2017
 BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Grammar deals with the rules for combining word into larger units. The
largest unit that is described in grammar is normally the sentence. However,
defining a ‘sentence’ is notoriously difficult. It is sometimes said that a sentence
expresses a complete thought or it is a complete set of words that conveys
meaning.
A sentence can communicate a statement (I am studying), a command (Go
away!), an exclamation (I’m so excited!), and a question (What time is is?). those
sentence stand for declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative ones.
The imperative sentence gives a command. The declarative sentence makes a
statement. The interrogative sentence asks a question. The exclamatory sentence
expresses strong feeling.

The two basic parts of any sentence are the subject and the predicate.

SUBJECT
The subject is usually a noun— a word that
names a person, place, or thing—or a noun
phrase. Generally, the subject of a sentence
tells who or what the sentence is about.* The
subject is the noun or noun phrase that is
doing something in the sentence.
PREDICATE
The predicate is a verb—a word that
expresses action, existence (a state of
being), or an occurrence—or a verb
phrase. The predicate usually follows
the subject and tells what the subject
does or what it is like.*

Simple sentences have one subject/verb pair. Verbs must agree with
their subjects in number and person.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Marie runs.
s v
We run.
s v
Even though the subject may be more than one person or thing, and the
predicate may contain more than one verb or action, a sentence will still be a
simple sentence if it only has one subject/verb pair.

SUBJECT PREDICATE
Marie and I run and win.

Simple sentences may also contain an object. The object is part of the predicate.
It is usually a noun that follows the verb and receives the action of the verb.

SUBJECT PREDICATE
Marie runs the race.
s v o

This basic pattern is who (or what) does what.

SUBJECT PREDICATE
WHO (S) DOES (V) WHAT (O)
Marie runs.
Marie runs the race.

Simple sentences may also contain modifiers that describe the subject or predicate.

SUBJECT PREDICATE
My sister Marie runs the race quickly.

A subject/predicate pair that can stand on its own is an independent clause. A

simple sentence consists of just one independent clause.
CLARITY: The most common pattern of word order in the English language
is SUBJECT-VERB-OBJECT. When the main characters are the subjects of
the verbs, this pattern is clear and easy for most readers to understand.
A strategy for building clear, simple sentences:

1. Identify the main characters in your sentence (who or what

the sentence is about). 2. Make those characters the subject.
3. Build your sentence by putting the subject first, followed by a verb that
expresses the action of the subject, followed by the object (if there is
one).
4. Check to make sure your verb(s) agree with your subject(s) in number
and person.
 FOUR BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS

A. Simple sentence
A simple sentence contains one independent clause. It has subject and a
verb. It expresses a single complete thought that can stand on its own.

Examples:
-Johnny rode his bike to school
-Who is your best friend?
-She ate her lunch, took a walk, and went back to work

B. Compound sentence
The compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined
by a semi-colon or a coordinating conjunction with a comma. A compound
sentence is an example of coordination, that is, two independent clauses
are linked together. Proper coordination requires linking two ideas that are
related or that represent a sequence in which one idea is a logical extension
of the first idea. The compound sentences is always balanced; both ideas
are equally important and related to one other.

Example:
-She wanted to go on vacation, so she saved up her money
-I like apples, but my sister loves bananas
-Tim loves to read, and he also loves to hike

C. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence consist of one independent clause and one or more
dependent clauses. The main idea is always in the independent clause,
while additional or supporting information is in the dependent clause.
Because the dependent clause presents information that is not as important
 as the main idea, the dependent clause is called a subordinate clause. Thus
a complex sentences uses subordination to express its idea(s).

Examples:
-She went to class even though she was sick
-As john was arriving to work, he realized he forgot his lunch
-While I enjoy classical music, I prefer rock and roll because I play the
drums

D. Compound-Complex Sentence
A compound-complex sentence combine complex sentence and compound
sentence forms. A compound-complex sentence contains two or more
independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Examples:
-Although she felt guilty for missing her friend’s birthday, she took her out
to dinner the next day, and they had a great time
-I try to eat healthy food, but because fast food is so convenient, I cannot
maintain a healthy diet.
-If he got the job, he would have to commute 50 miles to work, so he
decided the job was not worth it