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Exergy analysis of coal-fired utility boiler

performance

Conference Paper · May 2016

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 International Conference & Workshop REMOO-2016 SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FOR RELIABLE ENERGY
18–20 May 2016, Budva, Montenegro

EXERGY ANALYSIS OF COAL-FIRED UTILITY BOILER PERFORMANCE

Risto V. 1)
FILKOSKI , Drenusha KRASNIQI 2)
ALIDEMA , Fejzullah KRASNIQI2)

1) University “Sts Cyril and Methodius”, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Skopje, R. Macedonia
2) University in Prishtina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Prishtina, Kosovo

1. INTRODUCTION
 The operation of thermal power plants is commonly evaluated on a basis of Table 2. Basic steam cycle measurement data
energy analysis. However, the real useful energy loss can not be completely Heat exchanging Pressure Temperature Enthalpy
Mass
flow
Heat
power
surface [bar] [°C] [kJ/kg]
quantified only by the first law of thermodynamics, since it does not differentiate [kg/s] [MW]
In Out In Out In Out
between the quality and amount of energy. BE I + BE II 176 172 232 331 1003 1520 1492 77

 The present work aims to identify the magnitude, location and sources of HPД + ПЗ
(Evaporators)
172 164 331 373 1520 2792 149 190

thermodynamic inefficiencies in the utility steam generator, as one of the key CPД I 164 159 373 400 2792 2950 149 24
Injection 8(6)
thermal power plant components, in order to explore the energy saving potential . CPД II 159 155 381 439 2854 3111 157 40
BPД I 155 151 439 486 3111 3267 157 24
ППТИ 151 145 486 430 3267 3099 157 -27

2. METHODOLOGY BPД II
Injection
145 140 430 468 3099 3231 157
17(14)
21

ШП
2.1. The power plant process Injection
140 135 403 505 3014 3345 174
6 (5)
57

180 (184
The work deals with a parallel analysis of the energy and exergy efficiency and KПП 135 130 477 541 3264 3447
/ 175)
33

losses in a utility coal-fired steam generator, which is a part of a 225 MWe power ППТИ 26 25 325 451 3066 3354 934 +27

generation unit. The boiler is aimed for operation in a steam cycle at 545 oC and 135 Injection 0 (0)
KMПП 25 24 399 542 3238 3556 1553 49
bar, with feed water temperature 250 oC, fueled on lignite with lower calorific value in
a range 6180-8100 kJ/kg (as received). Total heat
515

Fig. 4. Exergy destruction and losses calculation model

adsorption

3. RESULTS
The largest exergy destruction in the power plant process occurs in the boiler. There
are several elements that contribute to the huge boiler exergy loss:
1) Irreversibility of the combustion process (>55 %);
2) The boiler’s internal heat transfer between the combustion products and the working
medium (water-steam), which determines the boiler’s internal efficiency (34-35 %);
3) The heat loss in the outlet flue gas stream (~8 %) and
4) The loss in the boiler blowdown stream and other losses (~2 %)
LP Heating; Deaerator; HP Heating;
1,20% 1,10% 1,20%
Condenser; Pump; 0%
6,30%

Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the main equipment of TPP Bitola unit

Turbine;
9,70%
21492

B3 B4 B3 88
o

96o B4
2
254

194
1

B2 B5 B2 99o
B5
14340

14340
2300

5120

5120

17644
94o
252 9
2391

2391

194

Boiler;
3

96o
B1 B6 B1 B6
88o
80,50%
25o
25 o
12840 14940
12840

Fig. 5. Exergy destruction in the Fig. 6. Exergy flow in the steam generator - combustion
Fig. 2. A schematic representation of the boiler Pp-670-140 power plant (%) process and heat transfer
GOST 3619-76 (P-65), a design layout and the burners’
disposition and combustion system arrangement E’ – total exergy at the system inlet, E’=E1+E2
E1 – exergy of fuel
1 – Furnace funnel; 2 – Lower radiation part; 3, 4 - Middle
E2 – exergy of hot air
radiation part; 5 – Upper radiation part I; 6 - Tube walls in the
E3 – exergy of recirculating flue gas stream
upper radiation part II; 7 – Steam superheater; 8, 9 –
DI – exergy destruction (air-fuel mixing and heat transfer)
Convective superheaters; 10 – Transition zone; 11, 12 –
E4 – fuel-air mixture exergy
Economisers; 13 – Heat exchanger ”steam-steam”; 14 –
DII – exergy destruction due to combustion
Recirculation openings; 15 – UFA inlet ports; B1÷B6 - Burners
E5 – exergy of combustion products entering the radiate-convective and convective passes
DIII – exergy destruction due to heat transfer
E6 – exergy of flue gases
2.2. Exergy balance E7 – exergy of flue gases to atmosphere (due to temperature diference)
Exergy can be defined as ‘work potential’, meaning the maximum theoretical work Analysed options for improvement/retrofiting in the steam generation system
that can be obtained from a system when its state is brought to the reference state include pre-driyng of lignite with flue gases and fuel-air stagered introduction in the
(under standard atmospheric conditions). furnace.
Water Steam Cycle
Primary Steam
4. CONCLUSION
BE I
WE I
BE II
WE II
HPД
NRD
ПЗ
PZ
CPД I
SRD I
CPД II
SRD II
BPД I
VRD I
BPД II
VRD II
ШП
SPP
KПП
KPP  Despite the fact that the considered steam generators are already in operation
EKO I EKO II LRP TP MRP I MRP II HRP I HRP II SS SCP
VZ
ППТИ
PPTO
longer than their technical life, their energy efficiency is relatively high, since the
Measurement points
SSHE
KMПП
KMPP
internal irreversible phenomena do not affect the energy balance significantly.
SCS
 However, the exergy efficiency is considerably lower, because of the high internal
Injection Secondary Steam
exergy losses due to the irreversibility of the combustion process and the heat
transfer between the combustion products and the working fluid (water-steam).
Table 1. Coal property data –  The comprehensive research should yield more complete insight into the energy
proximate and ultimate analysis and exergy performance of the steam generator and the thermal power plant, as
Component With total With analytical
moisture moisture
whole. The exergy efficiency analysis is able to help understanding the power plant
Proximate analysis (in %) performance and to identify possible efficiency improvements.
Char 28.97 51.99
Fixed carbon 14.76 26.48
Volatiles 21.22 38.08 REFERENCES
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