HDD(Hard Disk Drive)

Introduction of Hard disk :-

 Virtually every PC sold today has at

least one hard disk drive installed inside
its system case.

 At one time, this was also true of

floppy disk drives, but PCs with floppy
disk drive are beginning to disappear,
giving way to zip disk, super disks, and
other forms of removable mass storage.

 The hard disk and floppy disk are

types of secondary storage, with the
PC’s RAM providing its primary storage .

 Where primary storage stores data

temporarily storage
 While it’s in use, secondary storage
holds data, programs and other digital
objects permamemtly

 In fact, RAM is referred to as

temporary storage, and the hard disk and
floppy disk are consisdered permenent
storage .

 The data is not permanent in the

sence that it is etched in stone, but
compared to the the volatile of RAM, it is
far more enduring

 Permanent storage on a disk drive

means that the data is still available even
after the primary power source is
removed
 The hard disk is hardly a personal
computer invention.

 The first hard disk, which first showed up

in the 1950s on mainframe computer, were
20 inches in diameter and held only a few
megabytes of data.

 Hard disk were originally called “FIXED

DISK” and “WINCHESTER DRIVE” and
became known as hard disk later to
differentiate them from floppy drive.

 However the basic technology used in the

earlist hard disk has not changed all that
much over the year although the size and
capacity of the drives has.
 Hard Disk Drive

IDE Model SATA Model External HDD

Pins :- 40Pins Pins :- 7Pins USB Model

(39pins working
1pins not working) Power Pin:-15Pins Pins:- 4Pins

Power Port:-4Pins Jumper Pin:-No (or)

6Pins
Jumper Pins:-8Pins

HDD Company:-

1. Toshiba
2. Seagate
3. Zebronic
4. Samsung
5. Kingstone
6. Western Digital

Cable model & connectivity:-

1. IDE (or) ATA – 3Connector

2. SATA Model – 2Connector
3. External HDD – 1Connector
4. SCSI Model – 7-15 Connector (Pins-40Pins)
ABBREVIATION:-

1. IDE – Integrated data electronic (or) International data electronic

2. SATA – Serial ATA (or) Serial advance technology
3. USB – Universal serial bus
4. SCSI – Small computer system interface
5. ATA – Advance technology attachment
6. PATA – Parallel advance technology attachment

HDD PARTS:-
1. IDE Port
2. IDE Power Port
3. SATA Port
4. SATA Power Port
5. PC Board
6. Back Door
7. Front Door
8. Spindle Motor
9. Media Platter
10. Actuator arm
11. Actuator
12. Read/Write Head (or) silder
13. Actuator Axis
14. Logical Board
15. Ribbon cable
16. Jumper Port
IDE Port:-

:::::::::: ::::::::::: ::::

IDE Port IDE POWER JUMPER PORT

SATA PORT:-

|||||||
 Media Platter
 Media platter (or) disks as they are more commonly called the primary unit of a hard disk is its
disks

 The disks are the storage media for the disk drive and it is on them that the data is actually
recorded

 Disks are made from a number of difference materials each with its own performance & storage
characteristics

 The primary two materials used in disks are aluminum alloys and glass

 The traditional material for platter was an aluminum alloy, which provides strength yet was
lightweight.

 Many hard disks now use a glass-ceramic composite material for disk platter.

 The glass platters are more rigid and as such can be less than half as thick as the aluminum dusk.

 A glass disk does not expand or contract with change in temperature which results in a more stable
hard disk drive.

 Most of the hard disk manufacturers use glass composite materials in their disk drive, including
Seagate, Toshiba, and Maxtor

 As the disk drive continue to get smaller, storing more data, and operating at higher speed glass
materials are likely to be used in all disk drive.

Spindle Motor
 The disk platter are mounted to a spindle separated by disk spacers that keep the platter evenly
spaced

 The spacers provide a consistent spacing that needed for the read/write heads to have access to
the top of one disk and the bottom of the one above it.

 In operation the spindle motor rotates the platters in unison at speeds of 3,600rpm(Revolution per
minute)4800,5400,7200 and – on newer devices – 10,000 and 15,000rpm.

 A direct drive motor that is mounted directly below it ratates the spindle

 The motor that rotates the spindle and the disks mounted to it is called the spindle motor.

 The spindle motor is always connected directly to the spindle without using belts or gears so that
the drive mechanism is free of noise and vibration which could if transferred to the platter cause
data read and write problems.

 The spindle is a vital part of the disk drive operation. In fact most hard disk failures are really
spindle motor failures

 The spindle motor is a brushless and sensorless DC motor that is attached directly to the disk
spindle

 There are two types of spindle motor in use: in-hub motor that are placed inside the HAD and
bottom-mount motors that are attached to the spindle outside of the HAD case

Read/Write Heads
Each side of a disk platter has media applied to it that allows it to store data
Accordingly each side of a disk platter also has at least one read/write head a disk drive that has
two disk platter has four read/write heads
There are one exception to this rule but generally a disk drive has two heads for each platter one to
read and write data to the top side and one for the bottom side.
The read/write heads are all connected to the same actuator mechanism which moves the heads
in unison in and out from the spindle to the edge of the platter