Double Degree MSc Programme

GEO-INFORMATION FOR SPATIAL PLANNING AND

DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
UGM
Graduate School Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta Phone/Fax. (0274) 564239

Website http://www.geo.ugm.ac.id, www.geoinfopasca.ugm.ac.id and

http://www.itc.nl/pub/study/programmes/joint-educations

EXAMINATION

MODUL A

GEO-SCIENCES AND ITS APPICATION

LECTURER:

Dr. M. Pramono Hadi, M.Sc.

By:

Raja Susatio
(18/435102/PMU/09613)

SEPTEMBER 2018
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Question
For the examination, student have to calculate the height of a dike around the river to prevent
flood in the city. The given data is rainfall intensity, map, and river profile as shown below.
1. Rainfall Intensity Data
t I
10 90
20 79
60 51
120 35
240 20

2. Land use Map

3. River Profile
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Answer
As written on the exam sheet, the method that will be used is SCS Curve Number formula as
shown below

The number of 25400 as the “S” calculation because the unit that will be used is mm, not inch.
First of all, the author will calculate the “S” value. The S value will be taken from the table of curve
number as shown below.

To calculate the CN number, the area of each land use need to be calculated. The calculation is
using GIS by using the scale bar attached on the bottom side of the map as reference.
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After the area is known, the value of CN could be calculated. The table below shows the area and
the CN value. The CN value is 77,273,.

For the next step, the author will use formula of:

By using the formula above, the obtained value of “S” is 74,703

Then, author need to calculate the runoff volume by using formula of:
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As the P number is unknown, while the author is given I value and need to calculate Q100, author
will use the value of rain intensity to obtain P (precipitation) value. First, to get the i100, value, the
author need to interpolate the rainfall value that has been given.
t I
10 90
20 79
60 51
120 35
240 20

The formula being used to obtain t100 value is:

𝑖100 − 𝑖60 100 − 60
=
𝑖60 − 𝑖120 𝑖60 − 𝑖120
𝑖100 − 51 40
=
51 − 35 51 − 35
𝑖100 = 91
By using the data given on the assignment, it is known that the Rainfall Intensity of rain is normally
less than 60 percent of P. Author will assume that the rainfall intensity of storm is 50 percent of P,
so author will obtain the value of P as below
0,5 P = 91 mm
P = 182 mm
As author obtain the value of P, author get the value of the Pe which is is
(𝑃 − 0,2𝑥182)2
𝑃𝑒 = = 213,108 𝑚𝑚
𝑃 + 0,8𝑥182
213,108 mm or 2,131 meter. To know the volume of water that came on the stormy day, which
will create flood, the value of Pe is multiplied by the total area which is:
Total Water Volume : 2,131 x 60.455.065,97 = 128.829.745,6 m3
Then, for the dike planning, as profile of the river is not given any dimension, author will try to
determine the profile dimension by using the land use map. The average width of the flood plain,
flanked by 2 Dike, is 500 meter.
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As such, by using the comparison of the profile given, the author obtain that the depth of the river
is 75 meter.

By using the measured profile, then, the author will try to calculate the area and the volume that
the river could hold. As the base of the river has been lessened because of the sediment, the
volume of water that the river could hold has been decreased. By using GIS, the part of the river
that could contain water s only 58 percent.
To calculate the cross section area, the river is divided into three part as quarter of circle (1), a
rectangle (2), and another quarter of circle (3). As there’s two of quarter of circle, it will be
calculated as half of circle.
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By using simple math, the cress section area obtained are:

Half circle area: (3,14 x 75 x 75)/2 = 8831,25 m2
Rectangle area: 100 x 75 = 7.500 m 2
Total Area: 16331,25 m2
Empty area (could be filled with water): 16331,25 m2 x 0,58 = 9.517,32 m2.
The expected area to flood are the floodplain area, so the length of the river that will be used is
the length of the river in the floodplain area. The river is highlighted in the next picture.

The total length of the river is 8.428 meter. By using the length data and the cross section area,
the volume of water that could be contained by the river is
8.428 meter x 9.517.32 m2 = 80.179.364.72 m3
In this stage, author already obtained the water when flood and the river capacity. By using simple
math operation, author will know whether the area will be flooded or not.
Volume of rain water – capacity of river
128.829.745,6 m3 - 80.179.364.72 m3 = 48.650.380,86 m3
From the calculation, it is certain that the settlement will be flooded because of the 100 years
return flood. To prevent it, a certain height of dikes is necessary. First, the flood volume is divided
by the river length:
48.650.380,86
= 5.774.824 𝑚2
9.517,32
The value obtained is the area needed to add above the river. The length of the top and bottom
flood plain is assumed as a fix value because the settlement area can’t be decreased anymore,
so the author will get 500 meter on the above and 400 meter below such as shown on the next
picture
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Lastly, as the required area needed is already known, author only need a simple trapezoid formula
to look for the height. The calculation is as below:
A = (Above Length + Below Length) x Height / 2
5.774.824 = (500 + 400) x Height / 2
2 x 5.775,874 = 900 Height
Height = 11.549,648 / 2
Height = 12,833 meter
After all the stage, the basic dimension of the dike is having the length of 100 meter and the
minimum height of 12,833 meter. The basic design with minimum size (without scale) is shown
on the next picture.