PROCESOS DE

MANUFACTURA I
SEMANA 13
jUNIO,27 2017

I N G . D I AN A B E L É N P E R ALTA Z U R ITA, MS C .
 AGENDA
• Tema II: mecanizado CNC 3 ejes
• Máquinas de control numérico
• Maquinado CNC
• Código Nc
Para Recordar
CNC
Machining
Center
CNC
Machining Z axis
Center
CNC
Machining Z axis
Center
Up - down
 CNC
Machining
Center
X axis
 CNC
Left - Right
Machining
Center
X axis
CNC
Machining
Center

Y axis
CNC
Machining Forward -
Backwards
Center

Y axis
 Programmer must see
the axes as if the tool
is moving along the
Z+ axes.
Y+

X- X+
Y-

Z-
Rotary axes

A axis
X axis
Rotary axes

B axis

Y axis
Rotary axes

Z axis
C axis
NC Programming

1
 NC Programming

Geometrical information
Required
information

Technological
information

Process Plan NC
Program

2
Structure of the NC
program

1
8
 NC Functions
Preparatory functions, G

 Machining
center

17
 NC Functions
Preparatory functions, G

 Machining center

18
 NC Functions
Preparatory functions, G Rapid motion, G00

G00 X____ Y____ Z____ ; Milling

19
 NC Functions
Preparatory functions, G

Linear interpolation, G01

G01 X____ Y____ Z____ F____ ; Milling 20

 NC Functions
Preparatory functions, G

Circular interpolation, G02 / G03

(G17) G02 X____ Y____ Z____ R____ F____ ; (Milling)

21
 NC Functions
Preparatory functions, G

Workplane XY, XZ, YZ, G17/ G18 / G19

22
 NC Functions
Feedrate, F

F____

N____ G01 X____ Y____ Z____ F____ ;

– Different units may be used (units/min or units/rev)

– Example: Milling
(G94 G21) F100  100 mm/min
(G95 G21) F0.3  0.3 mm/rev

27
 NC Functions
Miscellaneous functions, M
Activate or cancel some machine operations.

 M06  Tool change

 M07/08  Coolant on
 M09  Coolant off
 M00 /30  Stop / End of program

31
 NC Functions
Miscellaneous functions, M

 Machining
center

33
NC PROGRAM START /
END
 NC Programming
START - MACHINING CENTER

TASK MACH. CENTER

%
%
No. of program O2004
Units: MM / INCH G21 / G20
Feed units: units/MIN or units /REV G94 / G95
Send “HOME” G90 G17 G28 G54
Working Mode: Absolute / Incremental G90 / G91
Load Tool # X M06 T0X
Turn ON Spindle (CW / CCW), setRPM M03 / M04 S2500
Activate compensation (length)OPT G43 H0X
Activate compensation (radius) OPT G42 D0X / G41 D0X
Turn ON Coolant: Few / Flood
M07 / M08

37
 NC Programming
END – LATHE / MACHINING CENTER

TASK MACH. CENTER

Turn coolant off M09
Stop spindle M05
Cancel Compensation G40
Send “HOME” G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
Unload tool / Change tool M06 T0 / M06 T0X
End program M30
%

38
• NC Programming Exercises
Milling
File: TMA CNC03-Manual Prog Exercises MILLING

1
 NC Programming
START
CNC Machining Center

TASK MACH. CENTER

% %
No. of program O2004
Units: MM / INCH G21 / G20
Feed units: units/MIN or units /REV G94 / G95
Send “HOME” G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
Working Mode: Absolute / Incremental G90 / G91
Load Tool # X M06 T0X
Turn ON Spindle: CW / CCW M03 / M04
Spindle speed: RPM / Cutting velocity S1500
Activate compensation (length) OPT G43 H01
Activate compensation (radius) OPT G42 D01 / G41 D01
Turn ON Coolant: Few / Flood M07 / M08
4
 NC Programming

END
CNC Machining Center

TASK MACH. CENTER

Turn coolant off M09
Stop spindle M05
Cancel Compensation G40
Send “HOME” G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
Unload tool / Change tool M06 T0 / M06 T0X
End program M30
%

5
 NC Programming
Exercises
Milling Exercise – F1

 Write the NC program for

the contouring operation on
the part shown, under the
conditions specified
Y
 Stock material: 100x70x12mm
Working Mode: ABSOLUTE

X
 Use COOLANT
 Tool trajectory:
Counterclockwise, CCW
Z X

6
 NC Programming Exercises
Milling Exercise – F1

ZERO

Op. Description Tool Tool Feedrate RPM Depth

No. No. Description of cut
1 Countouring 03 Endmill, 600 2500 8 mm
12 mm  mm/min CW

7
NC Programming Exercises
Milling Exercise – F1

 Cutter must
enter the
workpiece from
one side.

 To define the
cutter trajectory,
its diameter must
be considered.

8
 NC Programming Exercises
Milling Exercise – F1

 Cutter must
enter the
workpiece from
one side.

 To define the
cutter trajectory,
its diameter must
be considered.

9
 NC Programming
Exercises
Milling Exercise – F1

 Approaching
motions

10
NC Programming
Exercises

Z X

6
NC Programming
Exercises

Z X

6
Taller
• Trabajar en parejas el código de las letras
• La siguiente clase:
• Se realizará un pequeño código para cero pieza y cambio de herramental
Examen Tercer
Programación de cero pieza
•
parcial
• Cambio de herramental
• Programación Código NC
• Mecanizado CNC
• Se tiene herramientas de desbaste de diámetro: 8 – 12 y 14
• El examen tienen que venirlo a rendir en horas establecidas con el profesor
1. Lunes 02 de Julio 14h00
2. Martes 03 de Julio 14h00
3. Miércoles 04 de Julio 09 h00
4. Jueves 05 de Julio 14h00
5. Lunes 09 de Julio 14h00
6. Martes 10 de Julio 14h00
7. Miércoles 11 de Julio 09 h00
8. Jueves 12 de Julio 14h00
9. Viernes 13 de Julio 09h00
Entrega informe práctica de laboratorio
• Se sube a moodle en documento de Word hasta el LUNES 16 de JULIO hasta las
13h00
• Evaluación examen parcial:
Pieza mecanizada 5pts
Condiciones de corte bien calculadas 2 pts
Guía de laboratorio 3 pts
TOTAL: 10pts

• Revisar la guía de laboratorio

Taller 2
• En equipos realizar la programación Nc para las siguientes figuras
Realizar la posible hoja de operaciones
Seleccionar que tipo de herramental voy a utilizar en cada operación
Realizar el calculo de las operaciones de corte
Equipos 1 – 3
 NC Programming
Milling Exercise – F2
Exercises
ZERO

Op. Description Tool Tool Feedrate RPM Depth

No. No. Description of cut
1 Contouring 02 Endmill, 800 2000 4 mm
10 mm  mm/min CW
2 Drilling 03 Drill, 0.20 3000
10 mm  mm/rev CW
14
 NC Programming Exercises
Milling Exercise – F2

Z X

15
 NC Programming Exercises
Milling Exercise – F2

16
Equipos 2– 4
Milling – Exercise F3

Write the NC program to machine the component shown in

the figure, under the following conditions:
– Stock Material: Block 100 x 80 x 10 mm
– ZERO: Top surface of the part, left – bottom corner.
– Working Mode: ABSOLUTE
– Use COOLANT
– Tool trajectory: CCW, Counterclockwise

Op. Description Tool Tool Feedrate RPM Depth

No. No. Description of cut
1 Contouring 1 Endmill, 800 2500 5 mm
15 mm  mm/min CW
2 Drilling 02 Drill, 0.20 2000
10 mm  mm/rev CW
26