2/23/2019 Homework #09 (phy 112)

Homework #09 (phy 112)

Due: 11:00pm on Friday, March 1, 2019
To understand how points are awarded, read the Grading Policy for this assignment.

PSS 20.1 Magnetic Forces

Learning Goal:

To apply Problem-Solving Strategy 20.1 Magnetic forces.

At a given instant, a particle with mass 5.00 × 10 −3 kg and charge 3.50 × 10 −8 C has velocity of magnitude of 2.00 × 10 5 m/s in the +y direction.
It is moving in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.8 T directed 40 degrees clockwise from the –x direction. What are the magnitude and direction
of the magnetic force on the particle?

Problem-Solving Strategy 20.1 Magnetic forces

SET UP

1. Draw the two vectors v ⃗ and B⃗  with their tails together, so that you can visualize and draw the plane in which they lie. Identify the angle ϕ
(always less than 180 degrees) between the two vectors. Avoid confusing the correct angle with its complement or some other erroneous
angle. Find the magnitude and direction of the force. Remember that F ⃗  is always perpendicular to this plane, in a direction determined
by the right-hand rule, and that if q is negative, the force is opposite to the direction given by the right-hand rule.

REFLECT

2. Whenever you can, solve the problem in two ways: using F = qvB sin ϕ and F = qvB⊥ . Check that the results agree.

SET UP
Before writing any equations, organize your information and draw appropriate diagrams.

Part A

Sketch the velocity v ⃗ of the particle and the magnetic field B⃗ . Make certain to draw both of these vectors starting from the origin of the coordinate
system. You do not need to accurately represent the length of each vector. However, you will be graded on the orientation of each vector.

ANSWER:

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No elements selected

Select the elements from the list and add them to the canvas setting the appropriate attributes.

Correct

Part B
Use the figure from Part A to determine the size of the angle ϕ between the velocity and the magnetic field.
Express your answer in degrees.
ANSWER:

ϕ = 50 degrees

Correct

SOLVE
Now that you've set up the problem, choose appropriate equations and solve for your unknowns.

Part C
Use the right-hand rule and the figure from Part A to determine which of the following gives the direction of the magnetic force on the charge.

Hint 1. The right-hand rule

The right-hand rule helps you to find the direction of the magnetic force.

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Open your right hand so that it is flat with your thumb sticking out. Point your fingers in the direction of the particle's velocity.
Curl your fingers so that they point in the direction of the magnetic field (just rotate your wrist to get your fingers pointed
correctly; don't move your whole arm around).
The direction that your thumb points is the direction in which the magnetic force acts, assuming you have a positive charge. If
you have a negative charge, the force points in the opposite direction.

ANSWER:

to the left

to the right

upward

downward

out of the screen

into the screen

Correct

Part D
What is the magnitude F of the magnetic force on the charge?
Express your answer in newtons to three significant figures.

Hint 1. Using the formula for magnetic force

In the introduction, you were given two different formulas for the magnitude of the magnetic force on a moving charge. In this part, you
should use F = qvB sin ϕ, since you already found the value of ϕ in Part B. Simply substitute the magnitudes of the charge q, velocity v ,
and magnetic field B, which were given in the introduction, into the formula, along with the value for ϕ.

ANSWER:

F = 4.29×10−3 N

Correct

REFLECT
Think about whether your results make sense.

Part E
To check your answer, you should calculate the magnitude of the force using the second formula: F = qvB⊥ . What is the magnitude of B⊥ ?
Express your answer in teslas to three significant figures.

Hint 1. Determine how to find B⊥

B⊥ is the component of the magnetic field that is perpendicular to the velocity of the charge. Is B⊥ equivalent to the x or y component of
⃗ 
B ?
ANSWER:

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B⊥ = Bx

B⊥ = By

ANSWER:

B⊥ = 0.613 T

Correct

Substituting the values of q, v , and B⊥ into F = qvB⊥ , you will find that F = 4.29 × 10
−3
N , as you calculated in Part D.

Charged Particles Moving in a Magnetic Field Ranking Task

Five equal-mass particles (A–E) enter a region of uniform magnetic field directed into the page. They follow the trajectories illustrated in .

Part A
Which particle (if any) is neutral?

Hint 1. Neutral particles

Since the magnitude of the magnetic force acting on a particle is given byF = qvBsinθ ,a neutral particle (with q = 0 ) will not experience
a magnetic force.

ANSWER:

particle A

particle B

particle C

particle D

particle E

none

Correct

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Part B
Which particle (if any) is negatively charged?

Hint 1. Find the direction of the magnetic force

The direction of the magnetic force is determined by the right-hand rule. With the given directions for velocity and magnetic field, what is
the direction of the magnetic force on a positively charged particle?
ANSWER:

left

right

ANSWER:

particle A

particle B

particle C

particle D

particle E

none

Correct

Part C
Rank the particles on the basis of their speed.
Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Hint 1. Determining velocity based on particle trajectories

A charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field follows a circular trajectory. By Newton's second law, the magnetic force acting on
the particle must be equal to the product of its mass and acceleration:
qvBsinθ = ma.

In our scenario, the velocity and field vectors are perpendicular, so θ = 90 degrees. Also, since the particle moves along a circular path,
the acceleration must equal the expression for centripetal acceleration:
2
v
qvB = m
r
.
This can be solved for velocity to yield

qBr
v=
m
.
Thus, the speed of a particle can be determined by measuring the radius of its circular path in a known magnetic field, assuming that you
also know the charge and mass of the particle.

ANSWER:

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Reset Help

A B C D E

largest smallest

The correct ranking cannot be determined.

Correct

Part D
Now assume that particles A, B, C, and E all have the same magnitude of electric charge. Rank the particles A, B, C, and E on the basis of their
speed.
Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Hint 1. Charged particle trajectories in magnetic fields

Particles A, B, C, and E are charged. A charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field follows a circular trajectory. The speed of the
particle has two distinct effects on the radius of its circular path. First, the faster the particle moves, the larger the magnetic force acting on
it, by
F = qvBsinθ.

However, the faster it moves, the larger its centripetal acceleration, by

2
v
acentripetal =
r
,
and therefore the larger the force needed to keep it in its circular path.

ANSWER:

Reset Help

largest smallest

C
A B
E

The correct ranking cannot be determined.

Correct

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Cyclotron Motion

A charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field B⃗  with a velocity v ⃗ at right angles to the field. It moves in a circle with period T .

Part A
If a second particle, with the same electric charge but ten times as massive, enters the field with the same velocity v ,⃗  what is its period?

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

When a charged particle enters a region of uniform magnetic field with an initial velocity perpendicular to the field, the particle is acted on
by the magnetic force and follows a circular path. The radius R of the circular path can be found by applying Newton's laws, while the
particle's period, which is related to its angular speed ω, can be found from the relation v = Rω, where v is the particle's speed.

To solve this problem you must use proportional reasoning to find a relation among the variables.

Find the simplest equation that contains the variables and other known quantities from the problem.
Write this equation twice, once to describe the motion of the lighter particle, and again to describe the motion of the heavier
particle.
You need to write each equation so that all the constants are on one side and the variables are on the other. Since the
unknown variable is the period T in this problem, you want to write your equations in the form T = ⋯.
To finish, you need to compare the two cases presented in the problem. For this question you should compare the periods of
the two particles.

Hint 2. Find an expression for the period of a particle in a magnetic field

Which of the following expressions correctly gives the period of a particle moving in a magnetic field with an initial velocity perpendicular to
the field? Let m, q, and v denote the mass, the magnitude of the charge, and the speed of the particle, while B is the magnitude of the
magnetic field.

Hint 1. Period and angular speed

The period T of a particle that moves along a circular path with angular speed ω is given by

2π
T =
ω
.

Hint 2. Angular and linear speed

The relation between the angular speed ω and the linear speed v of a particle moving along a circular path of radius R is v = Rω .

Hint 3. Radius of a circular orbit in a magnetic field

When a charged particle of mass m and charge of magnitude q enters a region of uniform magnetic field of magnitude B with an
initial velocity perpendicular to the field, the particle is acted on by the magnetic force and follows a circular path. The radius R of
the circular path is given by
mv
R= ,
qB

where v is the speed of the particle.

ANSWER:

qB
T =
2πm

2πm
T =
qB

m
T =
qB

mv
T =
qB

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ANSWER:

T /10

5T

10T

Correct
The period of revolution of a particle moving in a magnetic field is proportional to its mass. In other words, for a given initial velocity,
more-massive particles take longer to complete one revolution. This is because the radius of their orbit is larger than those of less-
massive particles, resulting in a longer trajectory.

Part B
If the frequency of revolution (the number of revolutions per unit time) of the lighter particle is f , what is the frequency of revolution of the more
massive particle?

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

Again, to solve this problem use proportional reasoning to find a relation between frequency f and period T .

Find the simplest equation that contains these variables and other known quantities from the problem.
Write this equation twice, once to describe the frequency and period of the lighter particle and again to relate the frequency
and period of the heavier particle.
You need to write each equation so that all the constants are on one side and your variables are on the other. Since the
variable is f in this problem, you should write your equations in the form f = ⋯.
To finish, you need compare the two cases presented in the problem. For this question you should compare the frequencies
of revolution of the two particles.

Hint 2. Relationship between frequency and period

Recall that the frequency f is the multiplicative inverse of the period T :

f = 1/T .

ANSWER:

f /10

5f

10f

Correct
Since frequency is always the inverse of period, the frequency of revolution of a particle moving in a magnetic field is inversely
proportional to its mass. In other words, for a given initial velocity, more-massive particles perform a smaller number of revolutions per
unit time than less-massive particles.

Magnetic Force on Charged Particles Conceptual Question

For each of the situations below, a charged particle enters a region of uniform magnetic field. Determine the direction of the force on each charge due
to the magnetic field.

Part A

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Determine the direction of the force on the charge due to the magnetic field.

Hint 1. Determining the direction of a magnetic force

A charged particle moving through a region of magnetic field experiences a magnetic force, unless the velocity and magnetic field are
parallel. If the velocity is parallel to the magnetic field, then the force is zero. Otherwise, the direction of the force can be found by using the
right-hand rule.
To employ the right hand rule:

1. Open your hand so that it is completely flat, and point the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the velocity vector.
2. Rotate your wrist until you can bend your fingers to point in the direction of the magnetic field.
3. The direction of your outstretched thumb is the direction of the magnetic force on a positive charge.

ANSWER:

⃗ 
F points into the page.

⃗ 
F points out of the page.

⃗ 
F points neither into nor out of the page and F ⃗ ≠ 0.

⃗ 
F = 0 .

Correct

Part B
Determine the direction of the force on the charge due to the magnetic field.

Hint 1. Determining the direction of a magnetic force

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A charged particle moving through a region of magnetic field experiences a magnetic force, unless the velocity and magnetic field are
parallel. If the velocity is parallel to the magnetic field, then the force is zero. Otherwise, the direction of the force can be found by using the
right-hand rule.
To employ the right hand rule:

1. Open your hand so that it is completely flat, and point the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the velocity vector.
2. Rotate your wrist until you can bend your fingers to point in the direction of the magnetic field.
3. The direction of your outstretched thumb is the direction of the magnetic force on a positive charge.

ANSWER:

⃗ 
F points out of the page.

⃗ 
F points into the page.

⃗ 
F points neither into nor out of the page and F ⃗ ≠ 0.

⃗ 
F = 0 .

Correct

Part C
Determine the direction of the force on the charge due to the magnetic field. Note that the charge is negative.

Hint 1. Effect of a magnetic field on a negative charge

You can use the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the force exerted on a positive charge. Once you find the direction of the force
that would be exerted on a positive charge, the force on a negative charge will point in the opposite direction.

ANSWER:

⃗ 
F points out of the page.

⃗ 
F points into the page.

⃗ 
F points neither into nor out of the page and F ⃗ ≠ 0.

⃗ 
F = 0 .

Correct

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A message from your instructor...

The square root of 2 appears in part b because of the orientation of the detector. It is at a 45 degree angle. Look carefully at the figure and you will see
you are subtracting the lengths of hypotenuses of two triangles.

Practice Problem 20.3

Let's use our equations for motion in a magnetic field to help us design a compact mass spectrometer for a spacecraft. Scientists want to include a
compact mass spectrometer on future missions to other planets, such as Mars. Among other things, the instrument will search for signs of life by
measuring the relative abundances of the carbon isotopes 12 C and 13 C. Suppose the instrument is designed as shown in , has a magnetic field of
0.0120 T , and selects carbon ions that have a speed of 3.55×103 m/s and are singly ionized (i.e.,
have a charge of +e). Each ion emerging from the velocity selector travels through a quarter circle
before striking the detector plate (oriented at 45 ∘ to the direction of the velocity selector). (a) What
are the radii R12 and R13 of the orbits of 12 C and 13 C ions in this spectrometer? These ions have
masses of 1.99×10−26 kg and 2.16×10−26 kg , respectively. (b) How far apart are the spots these
ions produce on the detector plate?

SOLUTION
−19
SET UP AND SOLVE Part (a): To find the radii of the orbits, we use the cyclotron equation with charge +e = 1.60 × 10 C .
−26 3
m 12 v (1.99×10 kg)(3.55×10 m/s)
R12 = = = 0.0368m
−19
eB (1.60×10 C)(0.0120T)

−26 3
m 13 v (2.16×10 kg)(3.55×10 m/s)
R13 = = = 0.0399m
eB −19
(1.60×10 C)(0.0120T)

Part (b): As the geometry of the figure shows, the ions strike the detector plate at spots separated by a distance of

√2(R13 − R12 ) = √2(0.0399m − 0.0368m)

−3
= 4.45 × 10 m = 4.45mm

REFLECT Notice that the radius is quite small, just a few centimeters. Even though the complete mass spectrometer will be larger than this, it will still
fit easily on a robotic rover. The quarter-circle design also helps reduce size and weight.

Part A - Practice Problem:

If the isotope 14 C is also present in the sample, what will its radius be at the detection plate? The mass of 14 C is 2.33×10−26 kg .
Express your answer in centimeters to three significant figures.

ANSWER:

4.31 cm

Correct

Mass Spectrometer Conceptual Questions

A beam of singly ionized uranium atoms (235 U and 238 U) is injected into the mass spectrometer shown in the figure. The ions all have the same
velocities and charges. The 238 U ions follow the trajectory illustrated.

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Part A

Will the 235 U ions strike the collecting plate above, below, or at the same location as the 238 U ions?

Hint 1. Description of a mass spectrometer

In a mass spectrometer, charged particles are injected into a region of uniform magnetic field (all with the same speed), where they travel
along circular trajectories and, in this example, are collected after completing one-half of a complete circular orbit. If different mass
isotopes are injected, they will trace different paths and be collected at different locations.

Hint 2. Dependence of radius on other parameters

Once inside the spectrometer, the particles are acted on by a magnetic force and they trace circular paths. Applying Newton’s second law
to their motion results in the equation
qvB sin θ = ma.

In our scenario, the velocity and field vectors are perpendicular, so θ = 90 ∘ . Also, since the particle moves along a circular path, the
acceleration must equal the expression for centripetal acceleration:
2
v
qvB = m
r
.
This can be solved for the radius to yield
mv
r= .
qB

The diameter of their path, which is the distance from the opening of the spectrometer to their “landing spot” on the collecting plate is
therefore

2mv
d= .
qB

Thus, the position on the collecting plate is directly proportional to the mass of the particle.

ANSWER:

above

below

same location

Correct

Part B

If the magnetic field strength in the spectrometer is increased, will the spacing between where the 235 U and 238 U ions strike increase, decrease,
or stay the same?

Hint 1. Spacing
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The relationship
2mv
d=
qB

describes the diameter of any one particle's path in terms of the other parameters in the system. If two different isotopes are injected, the
difference in their diameters is the spacing that appears on the collecting plate:

spacing = d1 − d2 ,

2m 1 v 2m 2 v
spacing = − ,
qB qB

2Δmv
spacing = .
qB

Thus, the spacing is proportional to the mass difference and velocity of the isotopes and inversely proportional to the field strength in the
spectrometer.

ANSWER:

increase

decrease

stay the same

Correct

Part C

If the initial velocity of the ions as they enter the spectrometer is increased, will the spacing between where the 235 U and 238 U ions strike
increase, decrease, or stay the same?
ANSWER:

increase

decrease

stay the same

Correct

Part D

If a beam of singly ionized carbon atoms (12 C and 14 C) is injected into the same mass spectrometer as the uranium ions (with the same speed),
will the spacing between the carbon ions be greater than, less than, or equal to the spacing between the uranium ions?

Hint 1. Relating spacing to mass

The relationship
2mv
d=
qB

describes the diameter of any one particle's path in terms of the other parameters in the system. If two different isotopes are injected, the
difference in their diameters is the spacing that appears on the collecting plate:

spacing = d1 − d2 ,

2m 1 v 2m 2 v
spacing = − ,
qB qB

2Δmv
spacing = .
qB

Notice that the spacing is proportional to Δm. The absolute mass of the elements has no bearing on the spacing.

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ANSWER:

greater than

The spacing of C atoms will be less than the spacing of U atoms.

equal to

Correct

Problem 20.04

A particle having a mass of 0.200 g carries a charge of −2.34×10−8 C . The particle is given an initial horizontal northward velocity of 4.00×104 m/s .

Part A
What are the direction of the minimum magnetic field that will balance the earth's gravitational pull on the particle?

ANSWER:

Southward.

Northward.

Eastward.

Westward.

Correct

Part B
What are the magnitude of the minimum magnetic field that will balance the earth's gravitational pull on the particle?
ANSWER:

B = 2.09 T

Correct

Multiple Choice Problem 20.01

Part A
An electron traveling with a speed v enters a uniform magnetic field directed perpendicular to its path. The electron travels for a time t0 along a
half-circle of radius R before leaving the magnetic field traveling opposite the direction it initially entered the field. Which of the following quantities
would change if the electron had entered the field with a speed 2v? (There may be more than one correct answer.)

Select all that apply.

ANSWER:

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The magnitude of the electron’s acceleration inside the field

The magnitude of the net force acting on the electron inside the field

The radius of the circular path the electron travels

The time the electron is in the magnetic field

Correct

Multiple Choice Problem 20.02

A beam of protons is directed horizontally into the region between two bar magnets, as shown in . The magnetic
field in this region is horizontal.

Part A
What is the effect of the magnetic field on the protons?

Hint 1. HINT
First refer to the figure to find the direction of the magnetic field.

ANSWER:

The protons are accelerated to the left, toward the S magnetic pole.

The protons are accelerated to the right, toward the N magnetic pole.

The protons are accelerated upward.

The protons are accelerated downward.

The protons are not accelerated, since the magnetic field does not change their speed.

Correct

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A message from your instructor...

Don't forget that a current direction is given by which way a positive charge travels.

Multiple Choice Problem 20.03

A wire carrying a current in the direction shown in passes between the poles of two bar magnets.

Part A
What is the direction of the magnetic force on this wire due to the magnet?

Hint 1.
Recall that magnetic-field lines point out of a north magnetic pole and into a south magnetic pole.

ANSWER:

Out of the paper

Into the paper

Toward the N pole of the magnet

Toward the S pole of the magnet

Correct

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 96.9%.
You received 31.97 out of a possible total of 33 points.

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