User's Manual: ULTRA CFR Nd:YAG Laser System

User’s Manual
ULTRA CFR Nd:YAG Laser System
April 2007 Rev. H

DOC00040
PREFACE................................................................................................................................................ 4
CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 5
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Block Diagram 5
Figure 1: System Block Diagram 5
Principles of Operation 5
The Laser Head 7
Figure 2: Compact Folded Resonator 7
Compact Folded Resonator 7
Integrated Cooler and Electronics (ICE) 9
Figure 3: Standard Ultra Integrated Cooler and Electronics (ICE) 9
Figure 4: 19” Rack ICE 10
Laser Electronics 10
Cooling System 10
Figure 5: Coolant Loop 11
Wavelength Options 11
Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) 11
Third Harmonic Generation (THG) 12
Fourth Harmonic Generation (FHG) 12
1574nm KTP OPO Module 12
Variable Attenuator 13
Figure 6: RS232 Cable Wiring Scheme 13
CHAPTER 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Preventative Maintenance for Safety 17
High Voltage Precautions for Safety 18
Safety Labels 18
Safety Labels and Locations 18
Figure 8: Safety Labels 19
Figure 9: Laser Head Safety Label Location 20
Figure 10: ICE Safety Label Locations 21
Figure 11: 19” Rack ICE Safety Label Locations 21
Sources of Laser Safety Information 22
CHAPTER 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 23
INSTALLATION............................................................................................................................................. 23
Unpacking the Laser 23
System Inventory 23
System Installation 24
Figure 10: Laser Head Mounting 25
Filling the Cooling System 25
Filling the 19” Rack Ultra Cooling System 26
Figure 13: 19” Ultra Rack ICE 26
CHAPTER 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 28
LASER OPERATION..................................................................................................................................... 28
Manual Shutter Operation 28
Figure 14: Manual Shutter Positions 28
ICE Front Panel Control 29
ICE Back Panel Control and I/O 30
Long Pulse Mode 31
Precautions and Notes on Laser Operation 31
Ultra User's Manual - Page 2

CHAPTER 5........................................................................................................................................... 33
RS-232 COMMUNICATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 33
Serial Interface Specifications 33
Command Syntax 33
Software Handshaking 33
Querying ICE Status 34
Command Set 35
Programming Notes 35
9 Pin to 25 Pin D-Sub Correlation (For Reference Only) 36
CHAPTER 6........................................................................................................................................... 37
MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................................................ 37
Maintaining the Cooling System 37
Coolant Replacement Procedure 37
Standard ICE De-Ionization (DI) Cartridge Maintenance 38
Figure 15: DI Cartridge Installation 38
19” Rack Ultra ICE De-Ionization Cartridge Maintenance 39
Using Ethylene Glycol Coolant 39
Draining the Standard System for Transport 39
Draining the 19” Rack Ultra System for Transport or Storage 40
Flashlamp Replacement 40
Lamp Removal 41
Figure 16: Lamp Access Cover 41
Figure 17: Flashlamp Replacement 42
Lamp Replacement 42
Nitrogen Purge 43
CHAPTER 7........................................................................................................................................... 44
TROUBLE-SHOOTING ................................................................................................................................ 44
Interlocks 44
No Laser Output 44
Energy is Low 45
Lamp Does Not Flash 45
Misc. ICE Problems 46
CHAPTER 8........................................................................................................................................... 47
SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 47
Integrated Cooler and Electronics Specifications 47
ICE Electrical Interface 47
Laser Head Interface 50
Laser Timing: 51
Figure 18: Typical Timing Diagram 51
Delay and Jitter Measurements: 52
Figure 19: Sync Jitter with respect to External Trigger In 52
Figure 20: Q-Switch Sync Jitter with respect to Lamp Sync 52
Figure 21: Jitter, Q-Switch Sync to Light Out @ 50mJ 53
Figure 22: Jitter, Q-Switch Sync to Light Out @ 25 mJ 53
Figure 23: Jitter, Q-Switch Sync to Light Out @ 15 mJ 54
CHAPTER 9........................................................................................................................................... 55
CUSTOMER SERVICE ................................................................................................................................. 55
Warranty 55
Feedback 55

PREFACE
This User's Manual contains the technical information needed to properly operate and maintain Big Sky Laser
Technologies' Ultra Series Nd:YAG laser system. It provides instructions for set up and installation, operation,
service, preventive maintenance, and troubleshooting (fault-isolation). The laser system consists of two major
subassemblies: (1) the compact Laser Head (with optional nonlinear optics), and (2) the power supply/cooler,
also known as the ICE (Integrated Cooler and Electronics).
The laser system is truly "turn-key" and has been shipped fully functional. No adjustments are necessary to
operate the laser. The cable and coolant interconnects are coded for simplicity of installation and are of the
quick-connect type. Hardware interlock and safety features are included in the ICE to ensure hookups are
proper and complete before the laser can be operated.
Caution labels, in accordance with CDRH and CE requirements, are prominently

displayed on the Laser Head and ICE. The maximum ratings indicated on the system
labels are in excess of the normal operating parameters. Please refer to the Data
Summary Sheet for specific information pertaining to your system.
The laser system produces laser radiation, which is hazardous to eyes and skin, can cause burning and
fires and can vaporize substances. The safety chapter contains essential information and user
guidance about these hazards.

Chapter 1 – System Overview
CHAPTER 1
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Block Diagram
Figure 1 shows the laser system block diagram which consists of the Ultra CFR Laser Head and Integrated
Cooler and Electronics (ICE).
Integrated
C ooler &
E lectronics I/O C able
(IC E )
Laser H ead
C ooling Lines
Figure 1: System Block Diagram
Since laser action is relatively inefficient, it generates more heat than light. The laser uses a closed loop,
distilled water cooling system with a liquid-to-air heat exchanger to keep the laser rod and flashlamp cool. The
ICE provides the charging supply to flash pump the laser rod. It also provides system timing, synchronization,
controls and safety interlocks. Some electronic assemblies, such as lamp trigger transformer and Q-switch
driver, are in the Laser Head. The ICE includes all controls and indicators necessary to operate the system.
Principles of Operation
Many laser physics textbooks are available which describe the lasing action in detail. The key points, in
summary form, are explained below:
1. The term "LASER" is an acronym for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of

Radiation." By flashing a rare gas filled lamp in close proximity to an Nd:YAG laser rod,
some of the broadband graybody radiation from the lamp is absorbed by the rod and is
momentarily converted to stored energy within the excited state of the neodymium ion.
This excited (metastable) state has a radiative lifetime of about 250 microseconds.

2. Optical energy packets called photons (i.e., laser radiation) can be extracted from the
rod in its laser resonator through judicious control of the spontaneous emission (holdoff)
and stimulated emission (Q-Switching). A transient condition called population
inversion can be made to exist whereby the rod has sufficient gain to overcome the
losses within the oscillator. A giant pulse of energy, initially building up from the "optical
noise" of spontaneous emission, can be generated by the control of stimulated emission
of radiation. The laser output is comprised of infrared photons that are essentially
identical in phase and amplitude. The laser output beam is highly directional, spectrally
pure and coherent. These properties, collectively, make the laser source unique.
3. The primary function of the power supply is to provide the charging supply for the Pulse
Forming Network (PFN), which capacitively stores the electrical energy. This energy is
subsequently discharged through the flashlamp. The power supply also provides other
key functions including lamp simmer supply, timing and control, lamp and Q-Switch
trigger, system status and safety features (like time delays and interlocks).
4. The cooling loop consists of a magnetically coupled coolant pump, coolant reservoir,
flow and temperature interlocks, compact liquid-to-air heat exchanger, plumbing and
laser pump cavity, which contains the laser rod and flashlamp. Most of the heat
generated as a result of lamp discharge is removed by the cooling system.
5. Nonlinear crystals in combination with other optics can be used to generate

wavelengths other than the fundamental 1064nm. They include 532nm, 355nm, and
266nm, as well as more eye-safe 1574nm radiation. Dichroic optics can be used to
separate output wavelengths.

The Laser Head
Figure 2 shows the Laser Head components in a compact, rigid, stable structure with a folded resonator
geometry. Although primarily a precision optomechanical assembly, some electronics are required within the
Laser Head for proper operation.
Figure 2: Compact Folded Resonator
Compact Folded Resonator
The Compact Folded Resonator (or oscillator) is widely used in Big Sky Laser Technologies' systems. Figure 2
shows most of the resonator components. The key design features, starting at the rear of the optical train, are
detailed below.
1. Both the 100% reflecting back mirror and the output mirror are hard mounted to precision
flat surfaces on the resonator. This unique feature minimizes the relative motion of the
mirrors which is critical to overall resonator alignment, integrity and stability.
2. The thin (low order) quarter-wave plate, rotatable in its mount, ensures proper holdoff
without Q-Switch bias and proper phase retardation over wide temperature changes.
Precautions are taken to ensure the wave plate mounting is strain-free.
3. The Q-Switch assembly has relatively low quarter-wave voltage, high transmission (due to
its AR coatings) and low sensitivity to temperature. Applying high voltage to the crystal
changes its polarization retardation characteristics from high loss (normally closed) to low
loss (open). With no voltage applied and when properly aligned, the Pockel cell does not
affect the polarization of light passing through it.

4. The dual alignment wedges are rotatable in their mounts to allow optimum resonator
alignment. These wedges avoid the misalignment tendencies of conventional spring-loaded
or antagonistic optical mounts. The physical wedge angle in these optics is sufficient to
compensate for accumulative angular deviation due to mechanical tolerancing and
fabrication. The wedges are also insensitive to tilt error.
5. The low loss polarizer, in unison with the quarter-wave plate and the Electro-optic Q-Switch,
control Q-Switched (giant pulse) operation. The polarizer transmits p-plane polarized
radiation and the quarter-wave plate, when properly rotated for best holdoff, converts it to
circularly polarized. As the circularly polarized light returns upon reflection from the back
mirror, the quarter-wave plate converts it, in the second pass, to orthogonal s-plane
polarization when no voltage is applied to the Q-Switch. The polarizer reflects the s-plane
of polarization to accomplish holdoff (suppresses premature lasing action). With voltage
applied, the lithium niobate Q-Switch crystal, in effect, cancels the polarization retardation of
the quarter-wave plate so the radiation remains p-plane polarized and suffers minimal loss
in a round trip, resulting in efficient Q-Switched operation.
6. The folding prism makes for a compact Laser Head with excellent mechanical strength and
structural stability in its optical bed. It also provides alignment insensitivity in one axis and
brings the rear mirror and output coupler close together.
7. The pump cavity, the most critical subassembly within the resonator, contains both the laser
rod and flashlamp. Its design achieves uniform rod pumping and proper rod/lamp cooling.
The coolant flow is of single pass, flooded cavity type.
8. The flashlamp excites some of the neodymium ions to their metastable state (for
approximately 250 microseconds) creating a population inversion and photonic gain. The
oscillator transmission is kept low (the "low Q" condition) during this time. If a fast high-
voltage pulse is then applied to the lithium niobate crystal, the transmission changes from
high to low loss. This process is repetitively done at the selected pulse repetition rate.
9. The output coupler is chosen to provide the proper mix of reflection for feedback
(amplification) and transmission for efficient energy extraction. It is also chosen to keep the
circulating fluence acceptably low at all intra-resonator optical elements. It, like the high
reflector, is hard mounted and not adjustable.
10. Harmonic generation is performed using non-linear crystal(s). The crystal temperature is
tightly regulated by mounting it in a temperature controlled oven assembly. The Laser
Head can have one or two nonlinear optic (NLO) crystals mounted inside a Nonlinear
Optics Module. The oven contains two optical mounts that can be independently rotated in
one axis for best conversion efficiency.
11. A dichroic mirror pair can be used to separate the generated wavelength from the 1064nm
fundamental radiation, and from 532nm radiation in the case of tripled and quadrupled
lasers.
12. A KTP OPO module can also be used to convert incident 1064nm radiation to more eyesafe
1574nm radiation.
All of these optical elements are kept in accurate relative alignment through precision mounting
techniques onto a stiff and stable optical bed structure. The optomechanical design for the Compact
Folded Resonator (CFR) has evolved over many generations of iterative refinements based on usage
and experience.

Integrated Cooler and Electronics (ICE)
The Power Supply and Cooler are provided in a single, compact, portable unit. The ICE front panel has all the
functions and displays necessary to manually operate the system. This unit can also be computer controlled
through an RS-232 port. The cooling system is automatically powered up when the system prime power is
turned on via the Key Switch. Coolant interlocks prevent laser operation without coolant flow and during over-
temperature conditions. Figure 3 shows this assembly.
Q-Switch
Control Repetition
Rate Adj.
Input Energy Emission

Control Indicators
Laser Fire
Button
Configuration Power On
Control LED
Key
Status Switch
Indicators
Emergency
Shut-off
Figure 3: Standard Ultra Integrated Cooler and Electronics (ICE)

5.25
4.09 .67
17.88
.61 1.03
FILL/DRAIN
PORT 1.94
VENT
PORT 3.63 .87
19.00
.63 TYP
1.03
1.94 .125
20.15
.73
3.0
5.20
.03
BEND ALLOWANCE
Figure 4: 19” Rack ICE
Laser Electronics
The Laser Electronics portion of the ICE is completely self-contained and connects directly to the Laser
Head and to prime power. It contains all of the high voltage electronics (charging supply, simmer supply,
PFN, etc.) to flash the laser flashlamp. It also contains the interface electronics for system control. The
front control panel contains a keypad to configure and operate the laser system. The various functions
available to the operator include pulse repetition frequency (PRF) control, Q-Switch enable, save
configuration, pump energy control, and various status indicators. Figure 3 shows a front view of the
ICE. See CHAPTER 4 for detailed information on the laser electronics control interface.
Cooling System
Figure 5 shows the cooling system loop. The coolant motor pumps coolant to the pump cavity at
greater than 0.25 gallons per minute. A flow interlock switch ensures proper coolant flow and prevents
damage, should the flow rate drop below this level. A temperature interlock on the heat exchanger
senses the coolant temperature, and in the event of an over-temperature condition (i.e. the coolant level
gets too low, coolant pump or fan motor fails) shuts the laser down. These safety features prevent
catastrophic damage to the Laser Head. The 16 oz.(473ml) reservoir capacity is sufficient, when
coupled to the 250 watt liquid-to-air heat exchanger, to properly cool the laser. All materials in the
coolant loop have been selected to be compatible with the coolant and pump cavity to ensure reliability
and long life. Heat distilled water with resistivity of 1MΩ-cm to 5MΩ-cm is the only coolant
recommended for the Ultra laser system.

Figure 5: Coolant Loop
Wavelength Options
The Ultra can be configured to output many different wavelengths including 1064nm, 532nm, 355nm, 266nm, or
1574nm laser radiation. Several add-on wavelength separation modules are available.
Note: If your laser system has been configured for any of these options, please refer to your
Data Summary Sheet for the specific output characteristics.
Second Harmonic Generation (SHG)
The Ultra uses a temperature-controlled KTP doubler inside a nonlinear optics module to generate
532nm radiation. When the system is initialized, there is a short oven warm-up time of less than 10
minutes. If the oven is not yet to its operating temperature (approximately 65oC), the 532nm output
energy will be below the specified level.
Spectral purity can be gained by the use of dichroics or harmonic beam splitters. Without dichroics,

both the 1064nm and 532nm laser light exit the Laser Head through the same output aperture. With the
double-bounce dichroic module the 532nm beam exits from the right aperture, when viewed from the
front of the Laser Head, while the residual 1064nm laser radiation may be either internally absorbed, or
emitted from the left aperture.
Output polarization of the 532nm laser light is vertical. Polarization of the residual 1064nm light is
elliptical.
Third Harmonic Generation (THG)
A KTP doubler, as described above, is used to generate 532nm radiation. The 532nm radiation is then
mixed with the residual 1064nm radiation to produce 355nm light. This process is done using a
temperature stabilized BBO or KD*P crystal.
When the system is initialized, there is a short oven warm-up time of less than 10 minutes. If the oven
is not yet to its operating temperature (approximately 65oC), the 355nm output energy will be below the
specified level.
Better spectral purity can be obtained by the addition of dichroics beyond the tripler module. Without
the dichroics, the 1064nm, 532nm and 355nm laser radiation exit the Laser Head through the same
output aperture. With the double-bounce dichroic module the 355nm beam exits from the right
aperture, when viewed from the front of the Laser Head, while the residual 1064nm and 532nm laser
radiation may be either internally absorbed, or emitted from the left aperture.
The output polarization of the 355nm laser radiation is horizontal, the residual 532nm radiation is
vertical and the residual 1064nm radiation is elliptical.
Fourth Harmonic Generation (FHG)
A KTP doubler, as described above, is used to generate 532nm radiation. The 532nm radiation is then
doubled to produce 266nm light. This process is done using a temperature stabilized BBO or KD*P
crystal.
When the system is initialized, there is a short oven warm-up time of less than 10 minutes. If the oven
is not yet to its operating temperature (approximately 65oC), the 266nm output energy will be below the
specified level.
Better spectral purity can be obtained by the addition of dichroics beyond the quadrupler module.
Without the dichroics, the 1064nm, 532nm and 266nm laser radiation exit the Laser Head through the
same output aperture. With the double-bounce dichroics module the 266nm beam exits from the right
aperture, when view from the front of the Laser Head, while the residual 1064nm and 532nm laser
radiation may be either internally absorbed, or emitted from the left aperture.
Output polarization of the 266nm laser light is horizontal, the residual 532nm radiation is vertical and the
residual 1064nm radiation is elliptical.
1574nm KTP OPO Module
The KTP OPO module is used to convert incident 1064nm radiation to more eyesafe mid-IR radiation,
near 1574nm. The standard OPO unit is not wavelength controllable. Consequently there is no
temperature or mechanical adjustment required. The warm up time is the same as the 1064nm
configuration.

Variable Attenuator
The laser system can be equipped with an adjustable attenuator. Both a motorized and manual versions
are available. The assembly is completely contained within the laser head and thereby is isolated from
dust, moisture and other external environmental factors. The motorized version is controlled by either a 5
volt analog signal or a RS232 serial cable, (specified upon delivery). Any communications program such
as HyperTerminal is acceptable for the RS232 communications. A standard 9-pin RS232 cable is
required, (not included with system).
Cable wiring scheme of RS 232 interface

Computer Signal Name
Pin
To computer : 6 7 8 9 1 DCD (not used)
9-pin female 2 RX (Receive data)
connector 1 2 3 4 5 3 TX (Transmit data)
4 DTR (not used)
To laser : 5 GND
1 2 3 4 5 6 DSR (not used)
9-pin male
7 RTS (not used)
connector 6 7 8 9
8 CTS (not used)
9 RI (not used)
Figure 6: RS232 Cable Wiring Scheme
Communications
Baud Rate 19200
Data Bits: 8
Stop Bits: 1
Parity: None
Flow Control: None
Protocol
;AT:[COMMAND] XX
Commands, XX
AP ##, Set to value of maximum.
Parameter = 2-digit hex value 00h to
FFh (0-255).
VN, Version in Number. Returns the Figure 7:Ultra MVAT
firmware revision number as 4 – digits
in the format “m.nn”, where m = major revision, n = minor revision.
AE #, Enables/Disables analog input control. Power on default is analog enabled. Parameter = 0
disables analog control, 1 enables analog control.
EC #, EC? Echo. Parameter (0 = echo character off(default), 1 = echo character on) EC? Returns
echo state.
Example
To set the attenuator to maximum transmission type, ;AT:AP FF

CHAPTER 2
LASER SAFETY
DANGER
VISIBLE AND/OR INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION
The Model CFR Nd:YAG Laser System is a Class IV laser. Its output beam is, by definition, a safety and fire
hazard. Precautions must be taken to prevent accidental exposure to both direct and reflected beams. Big Sky
Laser, Technologies, Inc. shall not be held responsible for accidents to the user or to third parties caused by
non-compliant use of the equipment.
The warning symbols below will be used throughout this document and on equipment to warn the user of
important instructions which, if not followed, could lead to potential danger.
SYMBOL DEFINITION OF SYMBOL

CAUTION: Calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition that could cause damage to
the product, or cause bodily injury to the user. Refer to accompanying documentation.
ATTENTION: Ce symbole signale une procédure, une méthode ou une condition qui peut
endommager le produit ou blesser l’utilisateur. Se référer à la documentation jointe.
ACHTUNG!: Beachten Sie Verfahren, Praktiken oder Zustände, die das Produkt
beschädigen oder zu Verletzungen fuhren können. Lesen Sie die deigefugte Dokumentation.
ATTENZIONE: Porre estrema cautela alla procedura, uso o condizioni che potrebbero
danneggiare il prodotto o l’utilizzatore. Far riferimento alla documentazione inviata insieme al
prodotto.
ADVERTENCIA: Llamar la atención de un producto, practica, o estado que puede causar

daño al producto o puede herir el usario.
CAUTION: Risk of Electric Shock.
ATTENTION: Risque d’éléctrocution.
ACHTUNG!: Gefahr durch Stromschlag.
ATTENZIONE: Rischio di shock elettrico.
ADVERTENCIA: Riesgo de choque eléctrico

Chapter 2 – Safety
CAUTION: Risk of exposure to hazardous laser radiation.
ATTENTION: Risque d’exposition à un rayonnement laser dangereux.
ACHTUNG!: Gefahr durch gefährliche Laserstrahlung.
ATTENZIONE: Rischio di esposizione a pericolose radiazioni laser.
ADVERTENCIA: Riesgo de exposición a radiaciên láser peligrosa.

Installation and Operation of Class 4 Laser Systems
Class 4 laser systems may produce lesions both by the direct beam or its specular reflections and by diffuse
reflections. These systems must only be implemented by personnel with sufficient experience with their
operation; these personnel must be approved by your facility’s Laser Safety Officer (LSO). The safety rules
explained below must be read and followed by everyone who uses the laser or has access to the room where
the laser is operated.
ALWAYS WEAR PROTECTIVE EYEWARE! Your eyeware should protect you against any and all
wavelengths exiting the laser aperture (see the Data Summary Form supplied with your laser). As a
guideline (but your LSO should confirm this) you should wear goggles with a minimum OD (Optical
Density) of 7 for 1064 nm & 532 nm, and of 3 for 1.5 µm, 355 nm, 266 nm and 213 nm. Consult the
ANSI, ACGIH, or OSHA standards listed at the end of this section for guidance on goggles and
safety matters.
1. Never look at the direct beam from the laser or from a hand piece or one of its reflections. No visual
alignment should be made when the electric power supply of the laser is ON. Irreversible ocular
lesions may result.
2. Avoid exposing any part of the body to the beam. Limit access to the work area to the required
personnel only. Evacuate all objects with a reflecting or shiny surface from the work area, as well as all
inflammable materials.
3. Maintain a high ambient light level in the laser operation area so the eye pupil remains constricted, thus
reducing the possibility of hazardous exposure.
4. Only use the laser in supervised areas, which are clearly marked and have supervised access. It is
recommended that access ways to work areas be equipped with contactors connected with the
external safety loop of the laser. If opened, the laser emission is automatically stopped. The sign
supports must be appropriate and clearly visible.
5. During normal operation, the laser area (work area) must be marked off by means (screens, walls, etc.)
which ensure that laser rays outside the area are less than the AEL (class 1 type laser). These screens
must not be covered by materials that may reflect the laser wavelength. They must not be inflammable,
nor may they allow laser rays greater than the AEL limit to pass when submitted to the direct laser beam
as used in the area, even for several seconds. Around the laser area, a warning area limited by
barriers is necessary to warn all people of the potential risk that lies within the laser area.
6. Only qualified people may operate the lasers. When not in use, the lasers must be completely
inoperable and it must be made impossible for unauthorized people to operate them, for example, by
removing the laser key.
7. Using laser radiation to aim at individuals, vehicles, aircraft or any other flying object is formally
prohibited.
8. Due to the risk of electric shock, the power supplies must be switched off and the power supplies must
be disconnected from the flashlamp prior to any maintenance operation. Electric shocks or burns
resulting from the power supply of the network or from condenser discharges may cause serious
wounds and traumas. They may be fatal.
9. Do not wear reflective jewelry while using the laser, as it might cause inadvertent hazardous reflections.

10. Operate the laser at the lowest possible beam intensity, given the requirements of the intended
application.
11. Increase the beam diameter wherever possible to reduce beam intensity and thus reduce the hazard.
12. Avoid blocking the laser beam with any part of the body.
13. Use an IR detector or energy detector to verify that the laser beam is off before working in front of the
laser.
14. Provide enclosures for the beam path whenever possible.
15. Set up an energy absorber to capture the laser beam, preventing unnecessary reflections or scattering.
WARNING: Use of controls or adjustments, or performance of procedures other than those specified in
this User's Manual may result in hazardous radiation exposure.
Follow the instructions within this manual carefully to ensure the safe operation of your laser. At all times during
laser operation, maintenance or servicing, avoid unnecessary exposure to laser or collateral radiation that
exceeds the accessible emission limits listed in "Performance Standards for Laser Products," United States
Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR 1040.10(d).
Preventative Maintenance for Safety
Preventative maintenance is required to ensure the laser remains in compliance with Center for Devices and
Radiological Health (CDRH) Regulations and European Norm (EN) requirements. This laser product complies
with Title 21 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 1, Subchapter J, Parts 1040.10, as
applicable, and with EN60825-1:1994, Part 1 for a Class 4 laser, as applicable. To maintain compliance, verify
the operation of all features listed below, either annually or whenever the product has been subjected to adverse
environmental conditions, which may have affected these features and functions.
1. Verify that removing the remote interlock connector prevents laser operation. This connector is located
on the front panel of the Cabinet ICE, on the back panel of the 19” Rack, on the EXT I/O cable for rack-
mount hardware without the rack, on the front of the Mini-ICE, or on the back of the Ultra ICE.
2. Verify that the laser will operate only with the key switch in the ON position, and that the key can be
removed only when the switch is in the OFF position.
3. Verify that a time delay exists between turning on the Key Switch and the start of laser firing. It must
give enough warning to allow action to be taken to avoid exposure to laser radiation.
4. Verify that removing the cover from the Power Supply Unit deactivates the laser and opens an interlock.

High Voltage Precautions for Safety
DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE
Both the Laser Head and Power Supply Unit contain electrical circuits operating at lethal voltage and current
levels. Always unplug and wait at least one (1) minute to allow capacitors to bleed down before servicing any
part of the laser system.
Consult with the Big Sky Laser Technologies Customer Service Department before servicing the laser. Only
those trained in high voltage, high current electronics, and who understand the laser circuitry should be allowed
to service and repair the Power Supply Unit.
Safety Labels
The Laser Head and ICE are labeled for safety. These labels have been installed at the factory and should not
be removed by the user. If for some reason a label becomes removed, obscured or damaged in any way, please
contact Big Sky Laser Technologies, Inc. for replacements. See the chapters on the Laser Head and the
appropriate ICE for pictures of these labels and their locations.
Safety Labels and Locations

The following figures show the safety, model number, serial number and origination labels, and their locations
on the Ultra CFR laser system. These labels are installed at the factory and should not be removed by the user.
If for some reason a label is removed, obscured or damaged in any way, please contact Big Sky Laser
Technologies, Inc. for a replacement.

5
2
Figure 8: Safety Labels

Figure 9: Laser Head Safety Label Location
2 5
1
Top View
Bottom View
Purge Ports – Non Linear Module Manual Shutter Purge Ports – Laser Head
Side View

Figure 10: ICE Safety Label Locations
ASDF 4
Figure 11: 19” Rack ICE Safety Label Locations

Sources of Laser Safety Information
Additional Safety information can be obtained from the following institutions and publications.
1. “Safe Use of Lasers" (Z136.1)

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
11th West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036
Phone: (212) 642-4900
Available from Laser Institute of America:
12424 Research Parkway
Suite 125
Orlando, FL, 32826.
2. “Compliance Guide for Laser Products”

HHS Publication FDA 86-8260
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
FDA
Center for Devices and Radiological Health.
Rockville, Maryland 20857.
3. "A Guide for Control of Laser Hazards"

American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
6500 Glenway Avenue, Bldg. D-7
Cincinnati, OH 45211
Phone: (513) 661-7881
4. Occupational Safety and Health Administration

U.S. Department of Labor
200 Constitution Avenue N.W.
Washington, DC 20210
Phone: (202) 523-8148
5. European Standard and French standard:

NF EN 60825-1 July 1994, classification index: C43-805.

Chapter 3 – Installation
CHAPTER 3
INSTALLATION
Unpacking the Laser
The laser system has been carefully packaged for shipment. If the container arrives damaged in any way,
please contact the shipper's agent to be present for the unpacking. Inspect each unit as it is unpacked,
looking for dents, scratches, or other damage. If damage is evident, immediately file a claim against the
carrier and notify Big Sky Laser Technologies, Incorporated. We will do whatever possible to quickly get the
laser system fully operational.
It is recommended that the shipping container be kept for possible further shipping purposes, should the unit
require repair or maintenance services. If a damage claim has been filed, the container will be needed to
prove shipping damage.
The laser system is a turnkey system, designed so that a field service engineer is not required to get the
system up and operating properly. The system has undergone extensive testing to verify its conformance to
the specifications prior to delivery.
Before operating the laser however, it is important to fully understand its main features and controls.
CAUTION: Do not power up the system before thoroughly reading the system
description. Use of controls or adjustments, or performance of procedures other than
those specified in this User's Manual may result in hazardous radiation exposure, laser
system damage or result in voiding the warranty. Please refrain from connecting the
main power until you make sure the Key Switch is in the OFF position and the coolant
reservoir has been properly filled.
System Inventory
The laser system consists of the following items. Verify that they are all present in the shipping container. If
there are any shortages or discrepancies, contact Big Sky Laser Technologies immediately.
1. Ultra Laser Head

2. Integrated Cooler and Electronics (ICE)
3. External I/O Cable
4. Power Cord
5. Coolant Hoses
6. 2 Keys
7. Accessory Kit
8. Coolant Fill Kit (19” Rack ICE ONLY)
9. Application Specific Hardware 1

System Installation
1. Secure the Laser Head with three (3) 6-32 UNC screws to a flat mounting surface. If this
method of mounting is used, it is important that the mounting surface be flat, to prevent
distortion of the Laser Head (and subsequent misalignment of the resonator). Figure 12
identifies the Laser Head mounting hole pattern.
2. Connect the External I/O cable to the Laser Head. All connectors are unique and keyed to
ensure proper connection. Connect the External I/O cable to the ICE. Secure all non-locking
connectors using the captive fasteners.
3. Connect the coolant lines to the Laser Head. The red-labeled hose connects to the red-
labeled quick-disconnect on the Laser Head and the blue to the blue. When viewing the back
of the Laser Head, the coolant should go INTO the connector on the right and EXIT the
connector on the left. When initially turning the system on, the air bubbles in the coolant
lines (visible through the black nylon mesh) can be used as an indicator to verify proper
coolant flow direction.
4. Verify that the Key Switch is in the OFF position.
5. Verify that the Emergency Stop switch is in the OUT position.
6. Ensure that the remote interlock connector is shorted. The laser system has been shipped
with this shorting connector already in place. The remote interlock can be connected to lab
door interlocks or other system interlocks for safety.
CAUTION: When utilizing the Remote Interlock capability, use an isolated contact closure
such as a relay to avoid generating undesirable ground loops.
7. Connect the system to prime power, using the supplied power cord.
CAUTION: Ensure that the system is connected to the proper Mains voltage. The voltage
rating is marked on the ICE back panel. Operating the system at the incorrect voltage may
result in damage to the unit.
CAUTION: Ensure that the Mains power outlet that the Ultra ICE connects to is properly
grounded. Poor ground quality could result in exposure to electrical shock.

Figure 10: Laser Head Mounting
Filling the Cooling System
The cooling system must be filled prior to running the laser. The coolant capacity of the Ultra Laser System is
approximately 24 fluid oz (710mL). Complete the following steps to fill the cooling system.
CAUTION: For safe operation, the system must first be filled with distilled water with
resistivity between 1MΩ-cm-5MΩ-cm. Systems with distilled water coolant are initially
shipped dry to avoid freezing during transport. The coolant level can be checked at
any time through the view port on the back of the ICE. The level should be kept
between the Min and Max level markers. Do not turn the system ON until the coolant
reservoir has been filled and the Laser Head has been connected. Running the pump
dry may cause pump damage. Running the pump without the Laser Head connected
can cause over pressure and may result in pump failure. Avoid spilling coolant since
there is electronic circuitry within the ICE. Clean up any spills immediately.
1. Remove the coolant reservoir cap, and add coolant until the maximum level is reached in the
coolant level window.
CAUTION: Do not fill the reservoir to the top. Air volume is required to allow for
expansion of the coolant as the system warms up.
2. To prime the pump, tilt the entire ICE to the left (when facing the front of the unit) at a 30-450
angle. Air should bubble out of the lower fitting inside the reservoir with the ICE in this
position. Tapping lightly on the side of the ICE will assist in breaking any internal air-locks
that may have formed in the plumbing between the reservoir and the pump. When the
bubbles cease, the pump is primed.

3. Turn the key switch ON (Ensure the Emergency Stop Switch is in the OUT position. If not,
rotate the red knob in direction of arrows to release). The pump will turn on automatically after power
up. If coolant fails to flow through the system, repeat step 2 above. Add coolant to the reservoir until
the maximum level is reached in the coolant level window.
Note: The ICE will briefly make a "buzzing" sound when the key switch is turned on. This is
normal. The A/C front-end electronics are current-limiting the inrush current during power up,
resulting in the "buzzing".
CAUTION: Be sure to add coolant as the coolant lines and Laser Head fill up. Failure
to do so may result in running the reservoir dry and damaging the pump.
4. Turn the key switch OFF to shut the pump off. Leave the system off for approximately 30 seconds to
allow any trapped air to collect. Turn the key switch back ON and add coolant as required. Repeat
this cycle several times to ensure that all the air has been purged from the coolant loop. The Laser
Head can also be tilted up and down while the coolant is circulating to help purge any air pockets in
the head. This procedure should be followed any time the Laser Head has been disconnected and
reconnected, to ensure that all air has been purged from the Laser Head and coolant lines before
laser operation.
5. Once the coolant level has stabilized at the proper level, replace the reservoir cap.
The system is now ready for full operation. Make sure all the preliminary steps have been taken prior to laser
operation. This includes inspection for visual damage, checking the coolant level, properly connecting all
cables, and taking all necessary laser safety precautions.
Filling the 19” Rack Ultra Cooling System
The cooling system must be filled prior to running the

laser. Complete the following steps to fill the cooling
system
Figure 13: 19” Ultra Rack ICE
CAUTION: For safe operation, the system must first be filled with coolant. Systems with distilled
water coolant are initially shipped dry to avoid freezing during transport. The coolant level can be
checked at any time through the view port on the front of the ICE. The level should be kept between
the Min and Max level markers. Do not turn the system ON until the coolant reservoir has been filled
and the Laser Head has been connected. Running the pump dry may cause pump damage. Running
the pump without the Laser Head connected can cause over pressure and may result in pump failure.
Avoid spilling coolant since there is electronic circuitry within the ICE. Clean up any spills
immediately.
1. Attach coolant fill/drain connectors. The fill bottle is connected to fill/drain fitting and
fitting with hose attached to upper vent fitting. Add coolant until the water drains from the
vent fitting. Disconnect the coolant fittings.

2. Turn the key switch ON. The pump will turn on automatically after power up. When the
reservoir empties turn the key switch to OFF, and repeat. Add coolant to the reservoir
until the “maximum level” is maintained in the coolant level window, with the pump
running, repeat as necessary. The ICE holds ~44oz (1300mL) of coolant water
Note: The ICE will briefly make a "buzzing" sound when the key switch is turned on. This is normal.
The A/C front-end electronics are current-limiting the inrush current during power up, resulting in the
"buzzing".
CAUTION: Be sure to add coolant as the coolant lines and Laser Head fill up. Failure to do so may
result in running the reservoir dry and damaging the pump.
To purge the system of trapped air turn the key switch OFF to shut the pump off, and add coolant as required,
see step 1. Leave the system off for approximately 30 seconds to allow any trapped air to collect. Turn the
key switch ON to start the pump. Repeat this cycle several times to ensure that all the air has been purged
from the coolant loop. The Laser Head can also be tilted up and down while the coolant is circulating to help
purge any air pockets in the head. This procedure should be followed any time the Laser Head has been
disconnected and reconnected, to ensure that all air has been purged from the Laser Head and coolant lines
before laser operation.
The system is now ready for full operation. Make sure all the preliminary steps have been taken prior to laser
operation. This includes inspection for visual damage, checking the coolant level, properly connecting all
cables, and taking all necessary laser safety precautions.

CHAPTER 4
LASER OPERATION
The laser system has undergone extensive testing to verify its conformance to the specifications prior to
delivery. It has been designed so that a field service engineer is not required for installation.
Once the laser system has been set up as outlined in the previous chapter, it is ready to operate. Turn the Key
Switch ON. After approximately 10 seconds, the laser is initialized and ready for operator control. See
Summary Data Sheets included with your laser for factory preset operating configurations.
Manual Shutter Operation
The Ultra utilizes a manual shutter, located on the side of the laser head (see Figure 14). Lasing action cannot
take place with this shutter closed. To open the manual shutter, position the shutter handle such that it is
horizontal and aligned with the etched line on the Laser Head. The shutter is closed with the handle pin in the
vertical position. See Figure 14.
a) Shutter OPEN – laser light emitted. b) Shutter CLOSED – no laser light emitted.
Figure 14: Manual Shutter Positions

Chapter 4 – Laser Operation
ICE Front Panel Control
Control Description
(See Figure 3 for a view of the ICE front panel)
1. Power Key Switch: This switch applies AC MAINS power to the ICE. The power indicator,
located directly above the Key Switch, illuminates to indicate that AC power is ON. The key is
not removable in the ON position. During power-up, all indicators and displays are illuminated
momentarily to identify possible faulty LED’s.
2. Energy UP and Energy DOWN Keys: These keys change the flashlamp voltage energy. The
Up Arrow Key increases pump energy and the Down Arrow Key decreases pump energy. The
vertical bar graph adjacent to the energy control keys indicates the relative pump energy
setting, with the top LED on the bar graph representing maximum laser output energy and the
bottom LED representing approximate laser threshold. The bar graph displays in "dot mode"
(single LED illuminated) when the laser is not energized (high voltage disabled). It displays in
"bar graph mode" when a run command is issued and high voltage is enabled.
3. PRF UP and PRF Down Keys: These keys are used to change the flashlamp pulse repetition
frequency (PRF). The frequencies available are 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20Hz. The selected PRF is
displayed on a 2 digit, 7 segment LED display located between the keys. A PRF selection of
"00" indicates that the ICE is in external trigger mode. The PRF selection keys are also used to
change the Q-Switch divide by rate. See Q-Switch Key description. If "L0" is displayed on the 2
digit display, front panel control has been locked out via RS-232. See CHAPTER 5 for details.
4. Q-Switch Key: This key toggles the Q-Switch ON or OFF as well as selects the Q-Switch "fire-
every" mode. Toggling the Q-Switch ON and OFF is done by momentarily pressing the Q-
Switch key . The Q-Switch LED illuminates when the Q-Switch is activated. If the Q-Switch
Key is held down for more than 2 seconds, the 2 digit display changes to display the Q-Switch
"fire-every" frequency (Divide By N feature). By pressing the PRF UP or PRF DOWN arrow
keys while holding down the Q-Switch key, the Q-Switch "fire-every" rate can either be
incremented or decremented. For example, to run the flashlamp at 20 Hz and lase at 1 Hz , set
the PRF to 20 Hz and the Q-Switch "fire-every" to 20. This setup fires the Q-Switch once for
every twenty flashlamp shots. The Q-Switch key and LED are only valid for internal Q-Switch
control.
5. Laser Fire Key: This key toggles the high voltage ON or OFF. To run the laser, press and
release the Fire key. The Run LED will illuminate to indicate that high voltage is active and the
laser flashlamp will flash at the selected PRF. To stop the laser, press the Fire key again to
disable high voltage. In this mode the Stop LED will illuminate and the Run LED will extinguish.
6. Save Configuration Key: Pressing this key saves the current configuration. Each time the Ultra
is powered ON, it initiates into the last stored configuration. To save a specific configuration,
momentarily press the Save Config key. "SC" is displayed for several seconds on the 2 digit
PRF display while the system configuration is being stored. The Save Config Key is only active
with the laser off (HV disabled).
7. Emergency Stop Switch: This large red button, located on the front of the Ultra ICE, disconnects
the AC Mains to the system. This button should be used only in an emergency when it is
necessary to quickly shut down the laser system. The normal operating position is with the
button out. Depressing the stop button disables the system. Twisting the button clock-wise, as
indicated, resets the switch.

Status Indicators
8. Fault Indicator: This LED illuminates to indicate that a system interlock has been opened. The Ultra
is equipped with the following interlocks: coolant flow, coolant temperature, ICE front cover, External
I/O cable, and remote interlock. Laser operation will be inhibited as long as an interlock fault is
present. Once the interlock fault is corrected, Laser Fire must be selected to activate the laser. The
laser will not begin firing on its own after a fault correction. Glitch capture circuitry has been
incorporated to ensure a fault is captured even if it is for a very short period of time.
9. Simmer Indicator: This LED is illuminated when the flashlamp is simmering. Incorporating
feedback from the flashlamp simmer current, this LED is used as a system diagnostic indicator.
10. Fire Indicator: This LED indicates that laser light is potentially being emitted from the Laser Head.
The Fire LED flashes at the Q-Switch PRF when the Q-Switch is enabled and the flashlamp is
flashing. This indicator is only valid for internal Q-Switch control.
ICE Back Panel Control and I/O
(See Figure 10 for a view of the ICE Back Panel. CHAPTER 8 contains detailed interface requirements.)
1. Remote Run: This input BNC connector is used to remotely run/stop the Ultra. Shorting this
connector turns the laser ON, and opening it turns the laser OFF. The Remote Run BNC operates
in conjunction with the front panel Laser Fire key. Pressing the Fire key even though the Remote
Run BNC is shorted will stop the laser. To remotely start the laser again, the BNC must be opened
and then closed again. When using this control connector, use only an isolated switch closure to
avoid system ground loops.
2. Remote Interlock (Remote Intlk): This interlock BNC is provided in accordance with CDRH
requirements and must be shorted for the laser to operate. The laser system has been shipped with
a shorting connector already in place. The Remote Interlock can be connected to lab door
interlocks or other system interlocks for safety. When using this interlock connector, use only an
isolated switch closure, such as a relay, to avoid system ground loops.
3. External Q-Switch Input (Ext Q-Sw): This BNC connector allows the user to inject an external Q-
Switch trigger. This can be used to more accurately control the firing of the laser and thus
significantly reduce timing jitter. The Q-Sw Trig slide switch, described below, must be in the "I"
position to use this BNC. The Q-Switch key, Q-Switch LED and Fire LED on the front panel are not
valid when the External Q-Switch input is utilized.
Note: If Ext Q-Sw mode is used see Data Summary Sheet or contact Big Sky Laser Technologies'
Customer Service Department to determine the optimum Q-Switch delay from flashlamp trigger
and the required rod lensing delay to avoid unstable laser performance during the first few laser
shots. Typical Q-Switch delay is 135µs, with respect to Lamp Sync.
CAUTION: When in external Q-Switch mode, the user has direct access to the Q-Switch driver
trigger input. The Q-Switch driver in the laser head can be triggered even if the laser is not
running.
4. External Trigger Input (Ext Trig): This BNC connector is used to externally trigger the Ultra laser
system. The PRF display on the front panel must be set to "00" to be in external trigger mode.
5. High Voltage Divided by 100 Output (HV/100): This BNC outputs an analog voltage proportional to
the charge voltage on the PFN Capacitor, divided by 100.

Chapter 4 – Laser Operation
6. Q-Switch Sync. (Q-Sw Sync): This BNC provides a pulse, which is coincident with the Q-switch trigger.
This output can be used to synchronize external equipment to the laser output.
7. Lamp Sync: This BNC provides a pulse which is coincident with the flashlamp discharge. This output can
be used to pre-trigger or synchronize external equipment.
8. RS-232 Communications Connector (RS-232): See CHAPTER 5 for serial interface specification.
9. Lamp Shot Counter: This LCD display shows the number of shots on the laser flashlamp since the last
time the counter was reset. The button next to the display resets the counter.
10. High Voltage Test Switch (HV Test): This switch is used for system diagnostics. Setting the switch to "I"
displays a sample of the HV feedback on the front panel energy bar graph. Under normal conditions this
switch should be left in the "0" position.
11. External Q-Switch Switch (Q-Sw Trig): This switch selects the source of the Q-Switch trigger. When in
the "0" position, the Q-Switch trigger is internally generated. Setting the switch to "I" requires that the
operator provide the Q-Switch trigger source.
12. E-MAX Adjust: Rotating this control knob counter clockwise increases the Q-Switch delay, resulting in
lower laser output energy without significantly effecting beam quality. Rotating the knob fully clockwise
provides maximum laser output energy for a given energy setting on the front control panel.
13. Laser Head Input/Output Connector (Laser Head I/O): This D-Type connector provides the electrical
interface to the laser head.
14. Input Power Connector: The AC power input connector is a standard IEC 320 power input integrated into
a high performance Line Filter. The back panel label indicates the required AC Mains voltage
configuration (either 115 VAC, 50/60 Hz, or 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz).
15. Input Power Fuse: The input power fuse is type 3AG, Slo-Blo, and is rated as indicated on the panel.
Long Pulse Mode
The Ultra laser system can be operated in a quasi-long pulse mode by Q-Switching the laser coincident with the
flashlamp discharge. Running in this mode will produce approximately 80% of the 1064nm laser output energy
produced in Q-Switched mode. Long pulse mode should only be used for 1064nm lasers, since the peak output
energy densities are not high enough for efficient conversion of the harmonic wavelengths. Follow the
instructions below to operate long pulse.
1. Set the External Q-Switch slide switch to the "I" position.
2. Jumper the Lamp Sync output to the Q-Switch Input using a BNC cable.
Precautions and Notes on Laser Operation
CAUTION: Below is a list of guidelines, which apply to all Big Sky Laser Technologies' laser
systems. These guidelines should be followed whenever possible to avoid laser damage.
1. Operate the laser in a dust-free environment and keep the Laser Head covered when not in use. This
protects the output window against dust and particulate.

2. The Laser Head is sealed with careful attention to use of low outgassing materials. Silicone and similar
sealing, bonding or insulating materials should not be used in close proximity to the Laser Head since these
substances will outgas and could contaminate the output window, causing laser damage.
3. Avoid back reflections. Back reflections of even a small percentage of the output energy can promote
damage to optical components in the Laser Head. For example, an uncoated convex lens or a glass disk
calorimeter will reflect about 4% of the incident energy. While the reflection may seem harmless, it can
perturb the resonator operation to the extent that the near field beam intensity profile is degraded and may
promote optical damage. It may also affect the resonator holdoff, which can cause prelasing and
catastrophic optical damage. In some cases, even anti-reflection coated glass optics reflect enough energy
to promote damage to laser optics. It is best to use only quality optics coated for the operating wavelength.
CAUTION: To avoid laser damage, minimize back reflections of the output beam. When
reflections are unavoidable, direct them away from the optical axis of the system by canting
the optics off-axis. Failure to do so can cause laser damage and void the warranty.

Chapter 5 – RS-232 Communications
CHAPTER 5
RS-232 COMMUNICATIONS
Serial Interface Specifications
The Ultra's digitally-controlled power supply provides an RS-232 interface for remote control of the operating
parameters of the power supply. All aspects of the laser operation can be accessed through the RS-232. The
ICE can also be set to lock out front panel key control and avoid conflict with RS-232 communications.
Communication is set at 9600 baud, 8 bits, parity = none, and 1 stop bit. The Ultra uses only Tx and Rx for its
communications. No hardware handshaking is utilized.
Command Syntax
All power supply commands have the following syntax:
$name ##CR
Where: $ indicates a command follows.
name is the command name. For clarity, commands are not abbreviated; but only
the first four characters must be sent. No spaces are allowed between the $
and the name.
## is an unsigned, integer associated with name (command value). A space
must be inserted between name and ##.
CR Carriage Return (0Dh).
Commands are not processed until the Carriage Return is sent. If an error is made and identified prior to
sending the Carriage Return, sending a new $ will reset the input buffer and allow a corrected command to be
sent.
Software Handshaking
The Ultra power supply has several mechanisms to help software handshaking. These are as follows:
ECHO # Turns echoing ON or OFF. With echoing ON, the power supply will echo back all
characters except the "$". The CR, Carriage Return, is echoed followed by LF (Line
Feed). With echo OFF, no characters are echoed. "0" turns echoing OFF, and "1"
turns echoing ON.
Regardless of the echo status stated above, the following is a list of 2 character responses that will be echoed
from each command that is issued.
OK If the command has been recognized and carried out successfully.

?1 If the command itself is not recognized.
?2 If the command value is out-of-range.

Unidentified commands and most out-of-range conditions result in the power supply ignoring the command.
Only one command can be processed per message. Commands are not processed until the Carriage Return is
sent. If an error is made and identified prior to sending the Carriage Return, sending a new $ will reset the input
buffer and allow a corrected command to be sent.
Querying ICE Status
To determine the current value of any parameter, the syntax is:
$name ?CR
Where ? replaces ##
This will return an integer followed by a Carriage Return. A "1" indicates the queried item is in the ON state and
a "0" indicates OFF. The "STATUS" command can be used to check the current state of all internal interlocks.
The responses to the "STATUS ?" command are as follows:
Response Interlock Description

(Decimal)
00 All interlocks satisfied
01 Coolant over temperature
02 Remote Interlock connector not shorted
04 Coolant flow low
08 Cables not connected or cover not secured.

Chapter 5 – RS-232 Communications
Command Set
The following is a summary of the Ultra command set.
Command Valid Range Description

FIRE 01 Fires laser (High Voltage ON and lamp simmered)
STOP 00 Shuts off laser (High Voltage OFF)
MODE 01 - 03 01 = Continuous
02 = Burst
03 = External Trigger
LPRF 01, 02, 05, 10, 20 Lamp PRF (Lamp Pulse Repetition Frequency)
LAMP 00 - 01 00 = Stop lamp flashing
01 = Start lamp flashing
QSWITCH 00 - 01 00 = Q-Switch OFF
01 = Q-Switch ON
QFREQ 01 - 99 Q-Switch Fire-every
QDLY 00 - 99 Q-Switch turn-on delay in number of shots
QGATE 00 – 01 00 = Remote Run
01 = Q-Switch Gate
EPFN 01 - 20 PFN Lamp voltage (corresponds to front panel
bargraph display)
BURST 00 - 99 Number of burst pulses
STATUS ? Interlock status - query only
SAVE 01 Save current configuration
KEYPAD 00 - 01 01= Front Panel unlocked
00= Front Panel locked out
ECHO 00 - 01 00 = Echo OFF
01 = Echo ON
VERSION 01 Returns software revision
Programming Notes
The easiest way to control laser operation over RS-232 is to set up all of the laser parameters through the front
panel and then use only the $FIRE command to start lasing. All of these parameters can be stored for a given
configuration by pressing the Save Config key on the front panel at any time except when the laser is running.
The ICE boots into the configuration that was last saved or selected. Reinitializing the system is not required,
even if the unit is disconnected from main power, since the ICE stores all the parameters in nonvolatile memory.
If the user wishes to change laser parameters remotely, the following steps outline the proper procedure.
Note: Steps 1-5 can be done in any order.
1. Use the $MODE command to set up the type of triggering that will be used.
2. Use the $LPRFcommand to set the lamp pulse repetition frequency.
3. Use the $EPFN command to set the pump energy. Refer to the efficiency data supplied with
the laser in Data Summary Sheet provided with your laser to get the desired output energy.
4. Use the $QFREQ to get the desired laser output rate and the $QSWITCH command to enable
the Q-Switch.
5. Use the $FIRE command to enable the high voltage and start lasing. The laser will operate
according to all of the parameters previously set up.

6. To stop lasing, issue the $STOP command to disable the high voltage and lamp triggering.
Resume lasing by issuing the $FIRE command.
7. The Q-Switch gate is accessed through the Remote Run BNC on the rear panel of the power
supply.
9 Pin to 25 Pin D-Sub Correlation (For Reference Only)
Pin # Pin # Signal Pin # Pin # Signal

DE-9 DB-25 Name DE-9 DB-25 Name
1 8 DCD 6 6 DSR
2 3 RX 7 4 RT
3 2 TX 8 5 CTS
4 20 DTR 9 22 RI
5 7 GND

Chapter 6 – Maintenance
CHAPTER 6
MAINTENANCE
Maintaining the Cooling System
CAUTION: The following is a list of items that should be checked periodically to maintain the
cooling system. Inadequate cooling system maintenance could result in coolant contamination
and/or system damage.
1. Circulate coolant through the system for at least 30 minutes every month when the laser is not
in use. Turning the Key Switch ON will turn the coolant pump motor on and circulate the
coolant.
2. Inspect the water level in the reservoir through the inspection slot on the rear panel. Keep the
coolant level in the reservoir between the Max and Min marks at all times.
Coolant Replacement Procedure
CAUTION: Coolant should be replaced every three months. Failure to do so could result in system
damage or laser performance degradation. The coolant change procedure is as follows:
1. Hold the Laser Head higher than the ICE with the coolant ports tilted slightly downward. Disconnect
the left (blue) quick-disconnect coolant line on the Laser Head. The water in the Laser Head will be
siphoned out into the reservoir. When the liquid stops draining out of the Laser Head, disconnect the
remaining coolant line.
2. Tilt the Laser Head to pour the coolant out into a catch basin. Gently blow dry nitrogen through the
left (blue) coolant connector on the Laser Head to empty any remaining coolant.
3. To drain the coolant lines, detach the coolant hoses from the back of the ICE. Hold the end of the
coolant hoses (with coolant change connectors installed in the stainless steel connectors) in a catch
basin. Press the white plastic part that protrudes from the end of the plastic connectors. When
depressing this part, do not cover the entire end of this connector, for it will not allow the coolant to
drain from the lines.
4. To drain the plumbing in the ICE, remove the reservoir cap and attach the connectors provided with
the Accessories Kit to the cooling lines. Place the blue-colored hose into a catch basin and turn the
ICE Key Switch to ON. Allow the pump to run only as long as coolant continues to flow into the catch
basin.
CAUTION: Do not run the pump motor dry for an extended period of time, as this will cause
permanent damage.
5. Replace the reservoir cap and screw it on tightly. Lay the ICE on the left side (when viewed from the
front). Blow dry nitrogen into the red-colored coolant line until no more water exits the blue coolant
line. Next, lay the ICE on the right side and blow dry nitrogen into the blue-colored coolant line (with
the red-colored line in the catch basin) until no more water exits the ICE. Any residual coolant left in
the cooling system after following this procedure is not a concern.

6. Inspect the discarded coolant for clarity. The coolant should be very clear and free from
contaminants. There should be no organic contaminants (such as algae) or large particles in
the waste coolant. Black particulate is typically a sign of pump wear. Green color may be a
sign of organic contamination. All organic contaminants need to be removed from the coolant
loop prior to operating the laser. Please consult Big Sky Laser Technologies if you suspect
organically contaminated coolant.
7. To refill the cooling system, reconnect the coolant lines between the Laser Head and ICE.
8. Fill the reservoir. Tilt the entire ICE to the left (when viewed from the front) at a 30-45o angle.
Air should bubble out of the lower fitting inside the reservoir with the ICE in this position.
Tapping lightly on the side of the ICE will assist in breaking any internal air-locks that may have
formed in the plumbing between the reservoir and the pump. When the bubbles cease, the
pump is primed. Turn the Key Switch ON and add coolant until the reservoir remains 3/4 full
with the pump running. Do not overfill the reservoir. It is important to leave room for coolant
expansion in the reservoir. It will be necessary to add coolant as the head and coolant lines fill.
Circulate water through the Laser Head for approx. 5 minutes, or until no more bubbles flow
through the coolant lines. Switching the ICE ON and OFF several times (waiting approx. 30
seconds after turning off each time to allow air to collect) will aid in removing air trapped in the
lines.
Standard ICE De-Ionization (DI) Cartridge Maintenance
The ICE has a factory installed DI cartridge inside the coolant reservoir. This cartridge should be replaced every
6 months or each time the flashlamp is replaced. Replacement of this cartridge will insure coolant integrity and
that laser performance is maintained.
DI Cartridge replacement
1. Remove the reservoir lid and “fish” the cartridge out of the
reservoir using hemostat or needle nose piers.
2. Disconnect the old cartridge from the hose and replace with the
new cartridge (BSLT PN: 17003042).
3. Insert the bottle back into the reservoir with the bottle pointed
downward as shown. Also check that the right angle fitting inside
the reservoir, where the other end of the hose is connected, is
pointed downward.
4. Reinstall the reservoir lid.
5. Cartridge replacement is now complete.
Figure 15: DI Cartridge Installation

19” Rack Ultra ICE De-Ionization Cartridge Maintenance
The ICE has a factory installed DI cartridge inside the rack enclosure. This cartridge should be replaced every 6
months. Replacement of this cartridge will insure coolant integrity and that laser performance is maintained.
DI Cartridge replacement
6. Drain coolant by using the procedure below Draining the 19” Rack Ultra System for Transport or
Storage.
7. Unplug the ICE from the wall main power.
8. Remove the screws holding the top cover on the unit.
9. Remove the white Ionics cartridge from its plumbing. The NPT fittings will need to be reinstalled in the
new cartridge. Slip the cartridge out from under the zip ties, which retain it. Install the NPT fitting into
the new cartridge and reinstall.
10. Replace the top cover, and be sure to fill the system with coolant as described above Filling the 19”
Rack Ultra Cooling System.
Using Ethylene Glycol Coolant
Ethylene Glycol should not be used in the Ultra laser system.
Draining the Standard System for Transport
CAUTION: Your system must be COMPLETELY drained before transporting, since the coolant
could freeze and cause damage to the Laser Head or cooling unit.
Hold the Laser Head higher than the ICE with the coolant ports tilted slightly downward. Disconnect
the left (blue) quick-disconnect coolant line on the Laser Head. The water in the Laser Head will be
siphoned out into the reservoir. When the liquid stops draining out of the Laser Head, disconnect
the remaining coolant line.
Tilt the Laser Head to pour the coolant out into a catch basin. Gently blow dry nitrogen through the
left (blue) coolant connector on the Laser Head to empty any remaining coolant.
To drain the plumbing in the ICE, remove the reservoir cap and attach the connectors provided with
the Accessories Kit to the cooling lines. Place the blue-colored hose into a catch basin and turn the
ICE Key Switch to ON. Allow the pump to run only as long as coolant continues to flow into the
catch basin.
permanent damage.
Replace the reservoir cap and screw it on tightly. Lay the ICE on the left side (when viewed from
the front). Blow dry nitrogen into the red-colored coolant line until no more water exits the blue
coolant line. Next, lay the ICE on the right side and blow dry nitrogen into the blue-colored coolant
line (with the red-colored line in the catch basin) until no more water exits the ICE. Any residual
coolant left in the cooling system after following this procedure is not a concern.
To drain the coolant lines, detach the coolant hoses from the back of the ICE. Hold the

end of the coolant hoses (with coolant change connectors installed in the stainless steel connectors)
in a catch basin. Press the white plastic part that protrudes from the end of the plastic connectors.
When depressing this part, do not cover the entire end of this connector, for it will not allow the
coolant to drain from the lines.
Draining the 19” Rack Ultra System for Transport or Storage
1. Disconnect the quick-disconnect coolant lines from the Laser Head. Tilt the Laser Head to pour the
coolant out into a catch basin.
2. Gently blow dry nitrogen through the left (blue) coolant connector on the Laser Head to empty any
remaining coolant. Install the shipping cover over the output of the laser head and the blue coolant port
plugs. The Laser head is now ready for long term storage or shipping.
3. To drain the plumbing in the ICE, attach the connectors provided with the Accessories Kit to both the
cooling lines. Place the blue-colored hose into a catch basin and turn the ICE Key Switch to ON. Allow
the pump to run only as long as coolant continues to flow into the catch basin.
permanent damage.
4. When looking at the front of the cabinet, the drain and fill fittings are located on the left side of the
cabinet.
5. Put a water tank (~ 2 liters) below the lower drain fitting of the ICE to catch the waste coolant.
6. Install the white plastic quick-disconnects supplied with the accessories kit into the fill/drain and vent
fittings on the front of the cabinet. Water should flow out of the lower drain fitting. Be sure to keep drain
bottle we below the level of the ICE.
7. With the blue coolant line in the catch basin, blow dry nitrogen into the red-colored coolant line until no
more water exits the ICE. Next, with red line in a catch basin, blow dry nitrogen into the blue-colored
coolant line until no more water exits the ICE.
8. To drain the coolant lines, detach the coolant hoses from the back of the ICE. Hold the end of the
coolant hoses (with coolant change connectors installed in the stainless steel connectors) over a catch
basin. Press the white plastic part that protrudes from the end of the plastic connectors. When
depressing this part, do not cover the entire end of this connector, for it will not allow the coolant to drain
from the lines.
9. Again install the white plastic quick-disconnects supplied with the accessories kit into the drain and fill
fittings on the front of the cabinet. Water should flow out of the lower drain fitting. Any residual coolant
left in the cooling system after following this procedure is not a concern. Disconnect the white fittings
from the front of the panel. The coolant is now drained and the ICE is suitable for storage or transport.
Flashlamp Replacement
The only periodic maintenance action required in the Laser Head is flashlamp and DI cartridge replacement.
For optimal performance, the flashlamp should be replaced approximately every 30 million shots. Increasing
input energy to maintain the output energy to the original level, as gradual lamp degradation takes place, is
acceptable and normal. If the shot counter on the back panel of the ICE is used to track lamp life, reset the
counter after replacing the flashlamp.
Handle the flashlamp only with talc-free, rubber finger cots. Refer to Figure 16 and Figure 17.

Lamp Removal
CAUTION: Make sure the PFN is discharged, the Laser Controller Key Switch is
OFF and the coolant is completely removed from the Laser Head before removing
or replacing the flashlamp. Failure to do so will void the warranty, flood the
Laser Head with coolant, and may result in personal injury.
CAUTION: Keep the Laser Head in a horizontal orientation throughout the

lamp change process! See item 3 below.
Figure 16: Lamp Access Cover
1. Disconnect the electrical cables and remove the coolant from the Laser Head.
2. Hold the Laser Head higher than the ICE with the coolant ports tilted slightly downward.
Disconnect the left (blue) quick-disconnect coolant line on the Laser Head. The water in
the Laser Head will be siphoned out into the reservoir. When the liquid stops draining out
of the Laser Head, disconnect the remaining coolant line.
3. Tilt the Laser Head to pour the coolant out into a catch basin. Gently blow dry nitrogen
through the left (blue) coolant connector on the Laser Head to empty any remaining
coolant.
4. With the Laser Head placed flat on its mounting feet, remove the lamp access cover,
shown in Figure 16, from the Laser Head by pushing and rotating counterclockwise.
Removal of the cover will reveal the plastic lamp insertion tool. (See Figure 17).
5. With the Laser head still placed flat on its mounting feet, firmly pull the black plastic lamp
insertion tool outward. The lamp can be difficult to break loose from the o-rings that seal
the coolant; however, pulling firmly should release the lamp.

CAUTION: IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO PULL STRAIGHT AND EVENLY TO AVOID
BREAKING THE LAMP! Keep the laser head in a horizontal orientation with the
lamp removed. If tilted, coolant left in the pump cavity will drain into the laser
cavity permanently damaging laser components.
6. Remove the retaining clip and lamp insertion tool from the lamp.
Figure 17: Flashlamp Replacement
Lamp Replacement
1. Clean the new lamp with methanol or acetone.
2. Install the lamp insertion tool and retainer clip onto the lamp. The clip should firmly snap into the
lamp groove.
3. Very slightly dampen the new lamp with distilled water so that it slides easily through the O-rings
inside the Laser Head. Touching your finger cot in a single drop of water and then wetting the lamp
envelope works well.
4. Manually slide the lamp into the laser. Do not tilt the laser head during installation of the flashlamp.
You will feel a positive contact when the lamp is properly installed. The lamp will "bottom out"
solidly when completely installed. If you are unsure as to whether the lamp is fully seated, pull the
lamp back out approximately 1/2" and reseat.
CAUTION: Operation of the pump with a flashlamp that is not fully seated will
flood the Laser Head and void the warranty, causing permanent laser damage. If
there is any doubt about this lamp insertion process, please call Big Sky Laser
Technologies' Customer Service Department.
5. Replace the lamp access cover by pushing and rotating clockwise, making sure that the
sealing O-ring is properly installed between the lamp access cover and the Laser Head.
Purge the Laser Head with dry nitrogen as described in the following paragraphs.

Nitrogen Purge
The Laser Head has been factory purged with UHP (Ultra High Purity) dry nitrogen to prevent condensation on
the laser optics. If any cover or access screw is removed for any reason, the head should be purged again with
UHP nitrogen.
1. Remove the two nitrogen purge/seal screws on the side of the Laser Head. (See Figure 9).
2. Connect 5 psi dry nitrogen to one seal screw hole, using the Schrader valve and #4-40 screw
adapter supplied in the Accessories Kit. Flow UHP (Ultra High Purity) dry Nitrogen through the
laser head for 5-10 minutes. Replace the screw in the purge hole used as the exit port for the
dry Nitrogen. Remove the 4-40 screw adapter and Schrader valve from the laser head.
Reinstall the purge/seal screw in the remaining open hole.

CHAPTER 7
TROUBLE-SHOOTING
The Laser electronics is designed to control the laser and warn the user of problems that may occur. The
microprocessor-based system monitors the laser system and automatically shuts down if a fault occurs.
Software limits have been factory selected to protect the laser system against electrical and optical damage.
Interlocks
There are five interlocks, both hardware and software controlled, which if opened will not allow the laser to
operate until corrected. If any of the interlocks are not satisfied, the fault light will be illuminated.
• Remote Interlock: Located on the back panel of the ICE. The contacts on this connector must be
shorted to close the interlock. Check that the shorting connector is in place or that the user interlock
cabling is properly shorting these contacts.
• Flow Interlock: This interlock ensures that coolant is flowing through the Laser Head. The flow switch is
a magnetic switch that is located in the coolant loop. If a coolant interlock fault occurs, verify the coolant
flow is proper by checking for coolant turbulence in the reservoir. Also check for pinched cooling lines
or other flow obstructions. A pump motor failure will be evident by touching the ICE near the bottom and
noting lack of vibration.
• Temperature Interlock: This interlock ensures that the coolant temperature does not exceed an
acceptable level. The sensor is located on the heat exchanger inside the ICE. This switch will open if
coolant temperature exceeds 150°F.
• Cover Interlock: Located behind the ICE front cover, these dual, redundant switches ensure that the
laser cannot be operated with the ICE cover removed.
• External I/O Cable Interlock: The cable between the ICE and Laser Head is interlocked to ensure that
high voltage cannot be enabled if the cable is not properly or completely installed. This interlock is in
series with the cover interlock.
No Laser Output
• Check Fault Light: Refer to the above paragraph if the fault light is illuminated.
• Check Cables: With the prime power OFF and unplugged, check all electrical connections between
the Laser Head and the ICE. Make sure all connections are secured. If any of the cables are not
installed properly, the system will not function.
• Check Shutter Position: The shutter is manually controlled and is located on the side of the laser
head. When the shutter handle is horizontal, the shutter is open.
• Check Energy Setting: Refer to the efficiency data supplied in the Data Summary Sheet and make
sure the input energy is not set below the lasing threshold. Correct if necessary.

Chapter 7 – Trouble-Shooting
• Check Q-Switch Setup: Verify that the Q-Switch is enabled and that the Q-Switch "fire-every" is setup
properly. The Q-Switch LED should be illuminated and the Fire LED should be flashing at the Q-
Switch PRF. Verify that the External Q-Switch slide switch is in the "0" position. If External Q-Switch
control is being used, verify that the switch is in the "1" position, the external trigger is connected and
that it is adequate to drive the 50Ω input.
• Check E-MAX Adjustment: Verify that the E-MAX adjustment knob on the ICE back panel is fully CW.
Rotating the knob fully CCW will push the Q-Switch delay out past the fluorescent life time of the
laser rod, resulting in low or no output energy.
Energy is Low
• Flashlamp Degradation: If output energy is slightly below normal level, it may suggest gradual
lamp degradation. These characteristics are normal over time and with a large shot
accumulation (>30 million). The pump energy can be increased to compensate for lamp
degradation. However, excessive input energy (voltage) to the lamp must be avoided since
prelasing and optics damage may result. If significant lamp degradation is suspected, replace
the flashlamp as detailed in the previous chapter.
• Coolant Degradation: Operating the laser system with contaminated coolant can adversely
effect energy. Inspect the coolant for clarity. The coolant should be very clear and free from
contaminants. There should be no large particulate or organic contaminants in the coolant.
Black particulate is a sign of pump wear. Green color may be a sign of organic substances
growing in the cooling system. If contaminated coolant is suspected, the cooling system must
be purged and properly cleaned prior to operating the laser. Please consult Big Sky Laser
Technologies for instructions on how to clean your cooling system if you suspect organically
contaminated coolant.
• Incorrect Q-Switch Delay: Check that the Q-Switch delay is set to 135µs with respect to the
flashlamp. Using an oscilloscope, connect channel 1 to the Lamp Sync BNC and channel 2 to
the Q-Switch Sync BNC. Triggering the scope on channel 1, verify that the delay from the rising
edge of the Lamp Sync to the rising edge of the Q-Switch Sync is approximately 135µs. If the
delay is longer than 135µs, the laser output will be attenuated. Verify that the E-MAX
adjustment knob on the ICE back panel is rotated fully CW.
• Resonator Misaligned: If beam quality has degraded, it may suggest that the resonator needs
realignment. Contact Big Sky Laser Technologies for more details.
Lamp Does Not Flash
• Simmer Problem: If the flashlamp does not flash, it may be an indication that the lamp will
not simmer or is difficult to simmer. Check to see that the simmer indicator is illuminated
when high voltage is enabled. If it is not, either ionized, or contaminated coolant, or a
degraded flashlamp may be the cause. Coolant should indicate a resistivity of 100kΩ-cm to
5MΩ-cm for proper operation. If coolant resistivity is less than 100kΩ-cm, replace the
coolant. If the lamp still does not simmer replace the flashlamp. Refer to CHAPTER 6 for
both procedures.
• PRF Setting: Another possible cause of the flashlamp not flashing is that the PRF setting is
set for external mode and the external trigger is either not connected or is not adequate to
drive the 50Ω input. Set the PRF setting for internal PRF control (1, 2, 5, 10 or 20 Hz) and
check to see if the flashlamp will flash in this mode.

• Charger Latch-up: If the ICE makes a squealing or hissing sound when the high voltage
is enabled, and the simmer LED is illuminated but the flashlamp does not flash, disable
the high voltage immediately. A component inside the ICE has most likely failed and
the high voltage charger is attempting to charge into a short circuit. If the ICE is operated
in this mode for longer than a few seconds additional electronics damage may occur.
CAUTION: Do not continue to run the laser system if you suspect Charger Latch-up. Permanent
damage to the ICE high voltage charging electronics will result if operated in this mode.
Misc. ICE Problems
• Front Panel Keys don't respond: Check if the front panel is locked out. The PRF
display will indicate "L0" if the ICE is in this mode. See CHAPTER 5 to disable the lock
out feature.
• Energy Control Keys do not respond: Check that the HV Test Switch is in the "0"
position. If it is in the "1" position, the bar graph display will only display the actual high
voltage feedback. Since the high voltage is not enabled, the display will remain blank,
even though the keys are actually adjusting the high voltage setpoint.
• Energy bar graph display does not adjust up to the top LED: Check that the HV Test
Switch is in the "0" position. If it is in the "1" position the bar graph display will only
display the actual high voltage feedback when the high voltage is enabled. The high
voltage feedback is not scaled for the full range of the bar graph display.
Contact Big Sky Laser Technologies for any repair actions necessary beyond those described in this manual.
Attempts to adjust, repair or replace any portion of the laser system may cause additional problems and void the
warranty. See CHAPTER 9.

Chapter 8 – Specifications
CHAPTER 8
SPECIFICATIONS
Integrated Cooler and Electronics Specifications
Mechanical Specifications:
Laser Head Weight 2.5 lbs.

Standard ICE Chassis Dimensions7.5"W x 14"H x 14"D (nominal)
Standard ICE Weight 32 lbs. (with coolant)
19” Rack ICE Chassis Dimensions 19"W x 18”H x 5.25"D (nominal)
19” Rack ICE Weight 32 lbs. (without coolant)
Input Electrical Specifications:
Prime Power 115 VAC ± 10%, 50/60 Hz

230 VAC ± 10%, 50/60 Hz
400 Watts maximum
Environmental Specifications:
Storage Temperature 5° to +50°C (Distilled Water)

Operating Temperature 10° to 40°C (Distilled Water)
ICE Electrical Interface
1. Connector Name: RS-232

Connector Type: D-Sub, DE-9S
PIN SIGNAL NAME DESCRIPTION

1 DCD Data Carrier Detect. Not Used.
6 DSR Data Set Ready. Not Used.
2 RX Receive Data.
7 RTS Request to Send. Not Used.
3 TX Transmit Data.
8 CTS Clear to Send. Not Used.
4 DTR Data Terminal Ready. Not Used.
9 RI Ring Indicator. Not Used.
5 Gnd Signal Ground.
NOTE: A pin-to-pin (straight-through) cable should be used to connect to the RS-232 port. A null
modem cable should not be used. If a 9-to-25 pin adapter is used, ensure that it is a straight-through
adapter.

2. Connector Name: LASER HEAD I/O
Connector Type: D-Sub, Multi-pin 13W3S (DB-25 Shell Size)

1 Laser Intlk (+) Laser Interlock. Must be tied to Pin 6 to close.
6 Laser Intlk (-) Laser Interlock. Must be tied to Pin 1 to close.
3 +24 VDC +24 VDC at 300 mA.
9 +24V Rtn Return for +24V.
7 Q-SW Trig Q-Switch trigger output. ~+15V, 100µs pulse into 50Ω.
2 Q-SW +15 VDC +15 VDC at 100 mA.
8 Q-SW +15V Rtn Return for +15V.
5 Simmer Trigger -250V pulseNOM to ionize laser flashlamp.
10 Sim Trigger Rtn Signal return.
4 Reserved Reserved for BSLT use.
A3 Lamp (+) High voltage to laser flashlamp. ~120µs pulse, 1000V at 300A .
A2 Lamp (-) High voltage return.
A1 Safety Gnd Ground.
3. Connector Name: REMOTE RUN

Connector Type: BNC

C Remote Run +5 VDC thru 10K pull-up resistor. Short to Run, Open to Stop.
SH Remote Run Rtn Signal return.
4. Connector Name: REMOTE INTLK

Connector Type: BNC

C Remote Intlk (+) +15 VDC thru 10K pull-up resistor. Short to Shield to Close.
SH Remote Intlk (-) Signal return.
5. Connector Name: EXT Q-SW

Connector Type: BNC

C External Q-Switch In External Q-Switch trigger input, +5 VDC, 100µs, into 50Ω.
SH External Q-Sw Rtn Signal return.

Chapter 8 - Specifications
6. Connector Name: EXT TRIG

Connector Type: BNC

C External Trigger External lamp trigger input, +5 VDC, 100µs, into 50Ω.
SH External Trig Rtn Signal return.
7. Connector Name: HV/100

Connector Type: BNC

C HV/100 Test point. Provides PFN capacitor sample voltage/100.
SH HV/100 Rtn Signal return.
8. Connector Name: Q-SW SYNC

Connector Type: BNC

C Q-Sw Sync Test point. +5 VDC sync pulse output, 100µs, 50Ω drive.
SH Q-Sw Sync Rtn Signal return.
9. Connector Name: Lamp SYNC

Connector Type: BNC

C Lamp Sync Test point. +5 VDC sync pulse output, 100µs, 50Ω drive.
SH Lamp Sync Rtn Signal return.
10. Connector Name: Mains AC INPUT

Connector Type: IEC 320

1 AC L1 115/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz.
2 AC L2/N 115/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz.
3 Safety Gnd Safety ground.

Laser Head Interface
1. Connector Name: LASER I/O

Connector Type: Fischer, DEE104A092

1 Laser Intlk (+) Laser Interlock. Tied to Pin 2.
2 Laser Intlk (-) Laser Interlock. Tied to Pin 1.
11 Reserved No connection.
14 +24 VDC +24 VDC at 300 mA for harmonic generator oven.
16 +24V Rtn Return for +24V.
6 Temp FB #1 Temperature feedback from harmonic generator, test point.
17 Temp FB Rtn Temperature feedback signal return.
19 Q-Sw +15 VDC +15 VDC at 100 mA to Q-Switch driver.
8 Q-Sw +15V Rtn Return for +15V and Q-Switch trigger.
18 Q-SW Trig Q-Switch trigger input to Q-Switch driver.
9 Simmer Trigger Flashlamp start pulse to trigger transformer.
10 Sim Trigger Rtn Signal return.
2. Connector Name: HV INPUT

Connector Type: Fischer, DEE104A087

1 Lamp (+) High voltage to laser flashlamp. ~120µs pulse, 1000V at 300A.
2 Lamp (-) High voltage return.
3 PFN Intlk (+) High voltage interlock. Tied to Pin 4.
4 PFN Intlk (-) High voltage interlock. Tied to Pin 3.

Laser Timing:
Figure 16 shows a typical timing diagram for the Ultra Laser system. The delay from Q-Switch Sync to Laser
output is shown for 1064nm at 50 mJ. Decreasing the pump energy or increasing the Q-Switch delay will result
in an increase in the delay from Q-Switch Sync to Laser output. This is due to reduced gain in the resonator,
resulting in longer pulse buildup time.
(1/PRF) SEC
50µs
100µs
EXT TRIGGER IN
135µs
100µs
LAMP SYNC
100µs
Q-SWITCH SYNC
70ns
LASER OUTPUT
8ns
Figure 18: Typical Timing Diagram

Delay and Jitter Measurements:
Actual timing and jitter waveforms are shown in the following figures. Unless otherwise specified, all waveforms
were recorded at 1064nm, 50 mJ out, 20 Hz. Q-Switch delay was set at 135 µs past Lamp Sync. The energy in
Figure 22 was set at 25 mJ by decreasing the lamp pump energy. The energy in Figure 23 was set at 15 mJ by
returning the energy adjustment back to 50 mJ and then changing the Q-Switch delay using the E-Max
Adjustment from 135 µs to 260 µs.
Lamp Sync Jitter Q-Switch Sync Jitter
Figure 19: Sync Jitter with respect to External Trigger In
Figure 20: Q-Switch Sync Jitter with respect to Lamp Sync

CH1: Q-Switch Sync CH2: Light Out
DELAY JITTER
Figure 21: Jitter, Q-Switch Sync to Light Out @ 50mJ
DELAY JITTER
Figure 22: Jitter, Q-Switch Sync to Light Out @ 25 mJ

DELAY JITTER
Figure 23: Jitter, Q-Switch Sync to Light Out @ 15 mJ

Appendix I
CHAPTER 9
CUSTOMER SERVICE
We at Big Sky Laser Technologies, Inc. are proud of our specialty laser systems. Our manufacturing and quality
control processes emphasize consistency, stability, ruggedness, reliability and performance. We continually
strive to make our laser systems more reliable and to provide superior customer support.
Should there be problems with the operation of your laser system, please call Big Sky Laser Technologies
customer service hotline toll-free at 1-800-914-8216. We will do our best to get your system fully operational as
quickly as possible.
Warranty
Big Sky Laser Technologies, Inc. warrants the lasers it manufactures and produces to be free from defects in
materials and workmanship for one year following the date of shipment. Laser optics are warranted for 90 days
following the date of shipment provided that operating instructions are properly followed. This warranty is limited
to the original purchaser of the laser and is not transferable.
During the one year warranty period, we will repair or replace, at our option, any defective products or parts at
no additional charge, provided that the product is returned, shipping prepaid, to Big Sky Laser Technologies,
601 Haggerty Lane, Suite C, Bozeman, MT 59715. All replaced parts and products become the property of Big
Sky Laser Technologies.
This warranty does NOT extend to any lasers which have been damaged as a result of accident, misuse, abuse
(such as use of incorrect input voltages, improper or insufficient ventilation, faulty lamp replacement, failure to
follow the operating instructions provided by Big Sky Laser Technologies, or other contingencies beyond our
control), or as a result of service or modification by anyone other than Big Sky Laser Technologies.
Feedback
We welcome your feedback in regard to the use and performance of our laser system. Product improvements
and refinements come about from these contacts, continually improve our product reliability, performance and
customer satisfaction. Our toll free number is 1-800-2BIGSKY (1-800-224-4759).

User's Manual: ULTRA CFR Nd:YAG Laser System

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User’s Manual

ULTRA CFR Nd:YAG Laser System

April 2007 Rev. H

Ultra User's Manual - Page 2

Ultra User's Manual - Page 3

Caution labels, in accordance with CDRH and CE requirements, are prominently

Ultra User's Manual - Page 4

Figure 1: System Block Diagram

1. The term "LASER" is an acronym for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of

Ultra User's Manual - Page 5

5. Nonlinear crystals in combination with other optics can be used to generate

Ultra User's Manual - Page 6

The Laser Head

Figure 2: Compact Folded Resonator

Compact Folded Resonator

Ultra User's Manual - Page 7

Ultra User's Manual - Page 8

Integrated Cooler and Electronics (ICE)

Input Energy Emission

Figure 3: Standard Ultra Integrated Cooler and Electronics (ICE)

Ultra User's Manual - Page 9

Figure 4: 19” Rack ICE

Ultra User's Manual - Page 10

Figure 5: Coolant Loop

Second Harmonic Generation (SHG)

Ultra User's Manual - Page 11

Third Harmonic Generation (THG)

Fourth Harmonic Generation (FHG)

1574nm KTP OPO Module

Ultra User's Manual - Page 12

Cable wiring scheme of RS 232 interface

Figure 6: RS232 Cable Wiring Scheme

Ultra User's Manual - Page 13

SYMBOL DEFINITION OF SYMBOL

ADVERTENCIA: Llamar la atención de un producto, practica, o estado que puede causar

CAUTION: Risk of Electric Shock.

ATTENTION: Risque d’éléctrocution.

ACHTUNG!: Gefahr durch Stromschlag.

ATTENZIONE: Rischio di shock elettrico.

ADVERTENCIA: Riesgo de choque eléctrico

Ultra User's Manual - Page 14

CAUTION: Risk of exposure to hazardous laser radiation.

ATTENTION: Risque d’exposition à un rayonnement laser dangereux.

ACHTUNG!: Gefahr durch gefährliche Laserstrahlung.

ATTENZIONE: Rischio di esposizione a pericolose radiazioni laser.

ADVERTENCIA: Riesgo de exposición a radiaciên láser peligrosa.

Ultra User's Manual - Page 15

Ultra User's Manual - Page 16

14. Provide enclosures for the beam path whenever possible.

Preventative Maintenance for Safety

Ultra User's Manual - Page 17

DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE

Safety Labels and Locations

Ultra User's Manual - Page 18

Figure 8: Safety Labels

Ultra User's Manual - Page 19

Ultra User's Manual - Page 20

Figure 10: ICE Safety Label Locations

Figure 11: 19” Rack ICE Safety Label Locations

Ultra User's Manual - Page 21

1. “Safe Use of Lasers" (Z136.1)

2. “Compliance Guide for Laser Products”

3. "A Guide for Control of Laser Hazards"