NRI INSTITUITE OF INEORMATION SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY BHOPAL

(AFFILIATED TO R.G.P.V.BHOPAL)
SESSION 2015-2019
CERTIFICATE

This is to certified that the minor project report entitled "CASE

STUDY OF 10 CAR SHADE IN COLLAGE PARKING ZONE”
being submitted by civil engineering students for partial
fulfilment of the requirement of the Bachelor of Engineering
Degree in Civil engineering Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki
Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.) is a record of work done by
them under my guidance.
Guided by – Submitted by-

PROF.-ZEBA KHATOON MAHENDRA JAISWAL

( 0115CE151044 )
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 NRI INSTITUE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
( AFFILITAED TO RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
BHOPAL)

AFFILITAED TO RGPV BHOPAL

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE

The project report "CASE STUDY OF 10 CAR’S PARKING SHADE IN

COLLAGE ZONE
". Being submitted by civil department student has been examined by us
and is hereby approved for the award of degree
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in CIVIL Engineering for which it has
submitted, it is understood or approve the that by this approval the
undersigned do not necessarily endorse

…………………………….. …………………………..

…………………………….. …………………………
(INTERNAL EXAMINER) (EXTERNAL EXAMINER)

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Guide

DECLARATION

We are the student of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in CIVIL

Engineering, session 2018-2019 in the Department of CIVIL Engineering
NRI Institute of Information Science &
Technology , Bhopal (M.P). here by declared that the work presented in
this report entitled
CASE STUDY OF 10 CAR PARKING SHADE IN COLLAGE PARKING ZONE
correct to the best of our knowledge and this work has been carried out
taking care of engineering ethics. The work presented does not infringe
any patented Work and has not been submitted to any other university
or anywhere else for the award of any degree or any professional
diploma

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Practical is the best education and an opportunity to apply theoretical

learning and experience the results. Getting associated with an institute
like NIIST, Bhopal (M.P) for learning was more than privilege.
I would take the pleasure by expressing our gratitude towards Prof.
Zeba Khatoon and Guide for allowing under take the report work for
successful completion of the study.
I again express our sincere thanks to prof. Zeba Khatoon for his valuable
guidance, co-operation, continuously motivates commandments &
the moral support, which was necessary for successful
completion of our major project.
I also express sincere gratitude to the Lecturers, Professors & Lab
assistance of NIIST, Bhopal for providing helpful study materials and
instrument associated with our project.

Last but not the least I would like to thanks my classmates for their
encouragement and cooperation and support during the time of
working through this project.

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 ABSTRACT:

As we all know that world’s population is increasing day by day.

Increasing population increases the vehicle use. So, now parking

has become a major issue now a day. There is a huge demand of

proper parking facilities.

World’s vehicle use statics are increasing day by day. It’s a major

issue for proper parking facilities in order to maintain the traffic

conditions and adequate traffic flow. So, to overcome with the traffic

and parking problems, we need to understand the parking demands so

that we can improve the parking facilities. So, in order to know the

parking demand, we have to analyze firstly a sample structure. So, to

study the parking strategy, I had surveyed the different parking

facilities present at “Bhopal city at different parking zone including

smart parking introduced by Bhopal municipal corporation” where

the parking demand is at the peak. Most of the people have their own

vehicles, so there is a huge demand of proper parking space.

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In order to short out the parking demand, we need to study the

parking pattern so that we can improve the parking facilities. I

collected data from different parking space and determined the best

and most suitable pattern to design a sample structure at college

campus NIIST. Initially we figured out what is the variation of PCU

(Passenger Car Unit) with a certain time. For this purpose planning

in auto-cad is completed with analysis part in Staad pro for

optimization of steel sections as per 8 vehicles capacity loading.

Keywords: Staad, Parking, Steel structure, Shed, Optimization,

CAD, planning.

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 “Low Cost shade for parking in an NIIST
campus”

1.1 GENERAL:

The need for car parking shed structure in college campus is

needed to provide proper arrangement of setting up vehicles of

faculties a safe and managed place, to avoid disturbance or

obstruction in road and for security purposes. There are

several key issues, which need to be addressed in the design

of multi-story parking structures.

They are:

1. Site considerations, environmental and neighborhood

impacts and traffic access

2. Number of parking spaces, car circulations, ramps and other

architectural aspects

3. Security and safety

4. Structural aspects (particularly in highly seismic areas,

seismic design aspects)

5. Cost and speed of construction

6. Life cycle cost of maintenance

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7. Fire resistance and/or need for fireproofing

The first three items in the above list, to great extent, are

impacted by the decisions of architects. Items 4 to 6 in above

list, also are impacted by architectural aspects, however, these

three items are primarily impacted by the structural design

and decisions made by the structural engineers. Today,

structural steel provides viable systems that address the above

key issues. In the past, a large percentage of parking

structures throughout the country were designed and built

using reinforced concrete structures. However, since 1980’s in

many regions of the US including seismic areas such as

California, more and more steel parking structures have been

designed and built. According to Emile Troup (1989), nearly

three out of every five car parks for which contracts were

awarded in 1987 in New England were steel. He attributes

this increase in use of steel structures in open parking

structures to the fact that as a result of research and testing

done in 1970’s the issue of fire-proofing of steel structures in

car parks was put to rest and the use of “unprotected steel“in

parking structures was accepted (Troup, 1989). Because of

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 Extensive research and testing of bare steel structures

subjected to fire, the fire codes no longer have very stringent

requirement for fire protection of steel car parking structures.

This development, along with education and dissemination of

information on viability and economy of using steel structures

in car parking, may have been instrumental in visible increase

in design and construction of steel parking structures.

In this study we will prepare a parking shed of steel structure

with steel roofing as per number of vehicles and future

requirement using CAD tool AUTOCAD and analyze it in

STAAD.PRO for its safe designing and quantity estimation.

1.2. General Aspects of Design of Parking

Structures

Design of car parking involves good combination of information

on not only building design but also bridge design. Like

bridges, in many cases, especially in open car parks, there are

very few non-structural elements and the car park building, as

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a bridge is primarily a bare structure with minimal mechanical

and non-structural elements. According to Emile Troup: “In

many cases the structure – the deck and frame – is the car

park. The concept and design of the deck and frame will

largely determine the success of the facility: its cost and its

ability to perform, relatively problem free, for the design life

expectancy. Therefore, it is recommended that the structural

engineer for the car park share the lead role as building

designer, in close association with others charged with

developing the optimum parking concept. According to the

standard EN 1991,the floor deck must be designed to support

a uniform load of 2.5 kg per meter square For an area up

to1205 meter square per parking space ” The April 2001 issue

of the Modern Steel Construction magazine (MSC, 2001)

featured six articles on various aspects of steel parking

structures. In almost all case studies, the prominent role of

structural engineer and the impact of structural engineering

decisions on making the projects highly successful are very

clear. The reader is urged to refer to the articles for very useful

information and case studies on efficient design and

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construction of modern steel parking structures. As an

introduction to design concepts for parking structures, the

following briefly lists the important requirements: · Since floor

loadings are relatively light, floor plans usually need large,

simply framed areas ordinarily consisting of easy-to-design

structural elements. The size and number of columns in

parking structures is critical since closely spaced and large

columns quite often reduce the useful width of the traffic lanes

as well as reducing width and number of the parking spaces in

a given floor. Therefore, parking structures normally have clear

spans of about 60 feet at least in one direction. · Because both

framing and floors are atmospherically exposed, this exposure

may create a condition of standing water and in some areas

exposure to de-icing salts. Hence, long-term structural

maintenance should be given appropriate care and

consideration. Joints in the floor decks can result in leakage,

corrosion and chloride attacks. Floor joints should be avoided if

possible and if they are absolutely needed, the number of

joints in the floor deck should be kept to a minimum.· Although

gasoline and other combustible elements are invariably present

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and thereby suggest fire hazards, this is not the case in open

deck parking structure.

1.3. Steel structures

In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force

members only, where the members are organized so that the
assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object". A "two-
force member" is a structural component where force is applied
to only two points. Although this rigorous definition allows the
members to have any shape connected in any stable
configuration, trusses typically comprise five or more triangular
units constructed with straight members whose ends are
connected at joints referred to as nodes. In this typical context,
external forces and reactions to those forces are considered to
act only at the nodes and result in forces in the members that
are either tensile or compressive. For straight members,
moments (torques) are explicitly excluded because all the joints
in a truss are treated as revolute, which is necessary for the
links to be two-force members.

Truss elements are one dimensional in their local coordinate

system and carry only axial loads due to their pin connections
at nodes. A truss element needs only a cross sectional area ( A
) to define its geometry due to the axial load limitation, and its
length is determined by the location of its end nodes. A three-
dimensional truss element has two local degrees of freedom

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and six global degrees of freedom, with three translational
degrees of freedom at each end of the element. The only forces
(f1,f2) and displacements (u1,u2) allowed in this local system
lie in direct axial placement with the element, and the element
has two degrees of freedom. The global coordinate system
(X,Y,Z) that is used in the structural analysis for broken into
three equivalent global components.

A planar truss is one where all members and nodes lie within
a two dimensional plane, while a space truss has members
and nodes that extend into three dimensions. The top beams in
a truss are called top chords and are typically in compression,
the bottom beams are called bottom chords, and are typically
in tension. The interior beams are called webs, and the areas
inside the webs are called panels. A truss consists of typically
(but not necessarily) straight members connected at joints,
traditionally termed panel points. Trusses are typically
composed of triangles because of the structural stability of that
shape and design. A triangle is the simplest geometric figure
that will not change shape when the lengths of the sides are
fixed.

Structural steel is a category of steel used as a construction

material for making structural steel shapes. Check A structural
steel profile like as chemical composition and mechanical
properties. Structural steel shapes, sizes, composition,

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strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated
by standards in most industrialized countries.

Fig 1: Parking she

1.3 Parking Shed Dimensions:

For trip destinations, parking requirement is calculated on

Gross Floor Area (GFA), or the number of visits (where the

final employee/visitor number can be estimated). As a rule,

business and commercial use vehicle parking requirements

are calculated by GFA.

Where GFA is used to determine parking standards and the

calculation results in a fraction of a space, the number should

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be rounded up to the nearest whole number. For example, the

standard may be 1 car parking space for every 4 sqm of GFA,

and a development has a GFA of 17 sqm, a calculation of 17

divided by 4 gives 4.25 spaces, rounded up to the nearest

whole number gives a total requirement of 5 spaces.

Total width of parking - 25m = 82.02ft (83ft approx)

Length of parking – 5m = 16.40ft (17ft approx)

Total area of parking zone – 125 square meter

Area of one car parking – 12.5 square meter

Fig 2: Car dimensions

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1.4. Layout 0f ten car parking

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1.5. Type of Parking
There are often several options for providing parking on a site.
The appropriate solution will depend on the type of project and
factors such as:

 Parking demand & vehicle types – these will determine the

total parking area required

 Site dimensions & planning controls – these will

determine the shape and height of parking areas

 Land value – will determine whether parking can be

underground, elevated or stacked.

Parking should be considered early in the design process as it

impacts on so many elements of a building, including access,
street frontages and structural grids.

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 Fig 3: Parking types

Table 1: Parking types

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 1.6. Objectives

The main objectives of the present study are as follows:-

(i) To analyze and design Parking shed using AutoCAD and Staad.pro

(ii) To Design and implement this project in college campus.

(iii) To determine the most cost effective type of truss section for parking

shed.

(iv) To design a parking shed for minimum 8 vehicles.

1.7 Methodology

In this study following steps are followed:

Step-1 First we will determine the no of vehicle to be parked.

Step-2 We will select a suitable area as per our requirement.

Step-3 we will prepare a plan of parking using cad tool.

Step-4 we will determine the type of parking and drawing checked by

guide.

Step-5 we will determine the economical structure using analysis tool

staad.prio.

Step-6 we will determine the estimation and costing as per S.O.R.

Step-7 we will implement the project in major project at college campus.

1.7.1 CAD & Staad Methodology

In this study Planning and designing of a parking shed is provided for NIIST college campus

This study is attempted in following steps:

Step-1 selection of parking shed geometry and complete planning in autocad

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 Fig 4: Planning

Step-2 Assigning general property, section, material, supports and loading cases using staad. pro

Step-3 load combination as per 875-part-V

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 Table 2: Number of load cases details

Load case no. Load cases

1 D-L

2 L-L

3 1.5 D.L. + L.L.

Step-4 3-Dimensional modeling of parking frames using STAAD.Pro v8i.

Fig 5: 3-D rendering view

Step-5 Analysis of Steel frames as per I.S. 800:2007

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Step-6 Designing structures as per I.S.800:2007 to determine the amount of
reinforcement required in both the cases.

Table 3: estimate

S.No. Steel section kN Cost

Possible outcome:

In this study we are preparing a live project designing and detailing for

further implementation in major project.

Following outcomes can be observed as:

 It will provide a practical implementation.

 It will be a case study for execution of steel structure.

 It will provide introduction to S.O.R.

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