Street Light Glowing On Detecting

Vehicle Movement & Rash Driving

Detection Using IR Sensor &8051

 ABSTRACT:-
The aim of this project is to develop Street Light Control &
Rush Driving Detection using 8051 Microcontroller, in which
the street lights are automatically turned ON or OFF based
on the movement of the vehicles and detect rash driving
on highways and to alert the traffic authorities in case of any
speed violation.
Accidents due to rash driving and poor lighting on
highways are on the rise and people are losing their lives
because of others mistakes.

 Introduction:-
Street lights are the major requirement in day to
day life of transportation for safety purpose and avoiding
accidents during night. Also safe driving is important on
roads, due to rush driving most of the accidents happens.
But due to such rush driving people loss their lives due
to others mistakes.
 To control and maintain such complex street
lighting systems and rush driving, various street light
control systems are developed. In this project, we are
going to develop a project called Street Light Control
using 8051 Microcontroller, in which the street lights are
automatically turned ON or OFF based on the movement
of the vehicles, which also detects over speed driving.

The important considerations in the development

of street light control systems are Automation, Power
consumption and Cost Effectiveness.

 Principle of Operation:-
The principle behind the working of the project lies
in the functioning of IR Sensor. We are going to use a
Transmissive type IR Sensor in this project.

In Transmissive IR Sensor, the IR transmitter and

receiver are placed facing each other so that IR receiver
always detects IR Rays emitted by the IR Transmitter.

If there is an obstacle between the IR

Transmitter and Receiver, the IR Rays are blocked by
the obstacle and the IR Receiver stops detecting the IR
Rays.
 This can be configured to turn ON or OFF the
LEDs (or street lights) with the help of microcontroller.
Also if someone crosses specific point before
permissible time the buzzer starts and alerts the people
about speed violation.

 Circuit Diagram:-
REQUIRED COMPONENTS
Microcontroller Section
 AT89C52 Microcontroller
 AT89C52 Programmer Board
 11.0592 MHz Quartz Crystal
 22pF Ceramic Capacitor
 2 x 10K Resistor
 10uF Electrolytic Capacitor
 Push Button
IR Transmitter and Receiver Section
 8 x IR LED (IR Transmitters)
 8 x 470R Resistor
 8 x Photo Diode (IR Receivers)
 8 x 3.3K Resistor
 1K x 8 Resistor Pack
Load Section
 9 x 2N2222 NPN Transistors
 9 x 100R Resistor
 8 x White LEDs
 Pizo-buzzer
 Red LED
 Circuit Design:-
The main components of the project are
AT89C52 Microcontroller, IR Sensor (IR
Transmitter and IR Receiver) and LEDs.

 The basic connections required for 8051

Microcontroller involve crystal, reset and External
Access.

 In order to use the on-chip oscillator, the 8051

microcontroller requires an external clock. This is
provided by a crystal oscillator. An 11.0592MHz
quartz crystal is connected to XTAL1 and XTAL2
pins with two 22pF ceramic capacitors connected to
it.

 The reset circuit of the microcontroller consists of a

10K resistor, 10uF capacitor and a push button. All
the connections of the reset circuit are shown in the
circuit diagram.

 External access Pin is used to access external

memory when it is connected to ground. Anyway,
 we are not going to use any external memory here.
So, connect this pin to Vcc via a 10K resistor.

 The next hard ware we are going to connect is the IR

Receiver. The 8 IR receivers to port 0 pins of the
microcontroller. In order to use the PORT0 as I/O
port, we need to connect external pull up resistors to
the port 0 pins.
 After that, connect the output of the IR receiver i.e.
anode terminal of the photo diode to port 0 pins.
Cathode terminals of the photo diodes are connected
to supply. Also, a 3.3k Resistor is connected
between the anode terminal and ground.
 The next part of the circuit is IR transmitter. IR
transmitter is not a part of the microcontroller
connections as the only job of the IR transmitter is to
continuously emit infrared rays.
 Hence, connect the 8 IR transmitters with
corresponding 8 current limiting resistors of 470
ohms with a power supply.
 Connect pizeo-buzzer through resistor to P1.0,also
connect red LED to P1.1.
  Finally, we need to connect the LEDs. We need to
connect the LED’s with the help of transistors to the
PORT2 of the microcontroller. The base of the 8
2N2222 transistors is connected to the PORT 2 of
the microcontroller while the emitters of the
transistors are connected to ground.
 An LED along with a series current limiting resistor
of 100 ohms is connected to the each of the collector
terminal of the transistor.

 Working:-
The aim of this project is to design a street light
control system using 8051 microcontroller, which
automatically turns on or off the street lights by
detecting the movement of vehicles and also detects
speed violation The working of the project is explained
here.
The IR transmitter is placed directly in line of
sight with IR receiver, so that the IR receiver
continuously receives infrared rays. Once the IR receiver
receives infrared rays, the microcontroller will detect
Logic 1. If the infrared rays are blocked by some means,
the microcontroller will detect logic 0.

So, the program for the microcontroller must

be written in such a way that it will turn ON the LEDs,
which means here the street lamp, when it detects Logic
0 and it will turn OFF the LEDs, when it detects Logic 1.

Consider the two IR sensors i.e. IR

Transmitter and IR Receiver are placed on the either side
of the road. As per the circuit diagram, the IR receivers
are connected to the PORT0 and the LEDs are connected
to the PORT2 of the microcontroller.

When a detector detects logic1 before preset

count, then it starts buzzer & turns on red LED for alert.

At the beginning, when there is no obstacle,

the IR receiver continuously detects IR light transmitted
by the IR Transmitter. When a car or any other vehicle
blocks any of the IR sensors, the microcontroller will
turn ON the immediate three LEDs.

If the car blocks the first IR sensor, the first three

LEDs are turned ON by the microcontroller. As the car
moves forward and blocks the second IR sensor, the
corresponding next three LEDs will be turned ON and
the first LED of the previous set is turned OFF. The
process continues this way for all the IR Sensors and
LEDs.

Fig. illustrating operation

 Applications
1. This street light control circuit can be used in
normal roads, highways, express ways etc.
2. This project can also be used in parking areas of
malls, hotels, industrial lighting, etc.
3. It can be used to avoids rush driving on street, high
ways etc.

 Main Advantages of this Circuit

1. If the lighting system implements all LED lights,
the cost of the maintenance can be reduced as the
life span and durability of LEDs is higher than
Neon based lights which are normally used as
street lights.
2. As the lights are automatically turned ON or OFF,
huge amount of energy can be saved.
3. It alerts rider as well as authorities about rush
driving and excessive speed.
 Future developments:-
This concept can be extended in future by
integrating a camera with the system which could
capture the image of the number plate of the vehicle
to sends that to the traffic authorities.