Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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A Term Paper
Presented to
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by :
EVELYN FE E. SANORIA
PhD in Educational Management
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company message, delegate work assignments and motivate workers. Leadership styles depend on
a manager's personality.
Different leadership styles can be effective given the particular challenges being faced and
particular needs of the people involved. Instead of selecting one leadership style, effective leaders
are able to move among styles, selecting the one that is required in the moment.
Traditionally, effective Leadership Styles were thought of being “a one size fits all”
approach: that any Manager could pick the best off the shelf model and mirror this to create
The fundamental underpinning of the situational leadership theory is that there is no single
"best" style of leadership. Effective leadership is task-relevant, and the most successful leaders are
those who adapt their leadership style to the maturity ("the capacity to set high but attainable goals,
willingness and ability to take responsibility for the task, and relevant education and/or experience
of an individual or a group for the task") of the individual or group they are attempting to lead or
influence. Effective leadership varies, not only with the person or group that is being influenced,
but it also depends on the task, job or function that needs to be accomplished.
Four Basic Leadership Styles Used by Situational Managers
Situational leadership is a theory developed in 1969 by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard.
that a leader's effectiveness is related to the leader's traits or behaviors in relation to differing
on his ability to modify his management behavior to the level of his subordinates' maturity or
sophistication.
True leaders have the innate ability to motivate staff to achieve better results. Some people
come to work every day, do their job and then go home. Their heart isn’t really in it, but they need
the money, so they see their job simply as a means to an end—money. As a result, they do the bare
Situational leaders adjust their leadership style according to the behavior and skill level of
the employees. The style a leader uses under situational leadership is based upon combining levels
of directive behavior and supportive behavior. You can think of directive behavior as an order and
Coaching
Coaching is a type of situational leadership style that involves a great deal of "hands-on"
effective, the employee must acknowledge the weakness and indicate a desire to improve. An
example of coaching is when a sales manager spends time on the road making calls with a
Directing
The directing leadership style typically involves taking over a challenging situation and
applying specific knowledge and experience to right the ship. A directing-type manager will
establish clear goals and objectives for his work area as well as his staff, although staff members
Delegating
The delegating style places more of the responsibility on the shoulders of the workers as
opposed to the managers. The manager is able to provide guidance, but only when needed or
requested by the employees, and serves in more of a consultant capacity. This style is most
effective with an experienced staff that can work independently. It also allows for maximum
Although the leader will still monitor task- and organizational-progress, he or she will pass
much of the responsibility for the execution and completion of the established goals onto the
individual subordinates or dedicated work groups. By delegating, the leader is usually less
involved with decisions and is therefore able to focus on the work and achievements of
subordinates, as seen commonly in the freedom given to tenured professors who are allowed to
teach in the manner they believe is most effective while being monitored by a dean or department
head.
Supporting Style
In the supporting style, the leader plays more of a motivational role. Her main function is
to attempt to instill confidence in the workers so they eventually become more self-sufficient and
productive. This method is often referred to as a "selling" style because the manager attempts to
persuade the employees that they have the ability to perform the job. This style typically involves
the assigning of tasks by the manager while providing support as needed. Leader attempts to
convince the group of that the leader should lead by providing social and emotional support to the
individual being convinced. There is two-way communication, but it is clear that the leader is
leading.
Advantages
One of the advantages of these styles is makes it easy to apply. The theory has simple scales
that a leader can use to give a "thumb in the wind" assessment of what leadership style to use and
maturity and competence of the group are often overlooked factors in good leadership and it helps
to focus on these.
Disadvantages
The theory may not be applicable to managers as administrators or those with limited
power but in structurally in a leadership position. There are also situations in which the theory may
be less applicable such as those involving time constraints and task complexity. Sometimes, testing
More specifically, situational leaders have to maintain an acute awareness of their innate
leadership-related strengths and areas for development – critical skill sets in working in high-
when a particular leadership style has a high probability of success and when it does not; skillfully
influence up, down and across the organization by knowing when to be “consistent” and when to
individuals that are new to their role and/or are learning a new task; develop engaged, committed
regression; and effectively drive behavior change and business results by communicating through
The core foundation of the Situational Leadership Model is the belief that there is no single
the most successful leaders are the ones who are able to adapt their leadership styles across a broad
range of varying maturity levels readily present within the average organization. Also factoring
into the choice for leadership style are the individual employees’ willingness and ability to take
responsibility for the task as well as their applicable education and experience.
populations should be considered 'ready' and which should not. There always, too, is the
misjudgment of the leader, especially when there is urgency or task complexity involved. Another
issue is context and dynamism. Willingness to do a task may change, and an initial judgment may
I came up with the conclusion that contingency leadership is more effective. In order to
manage a dynamic environment, a leader must adjust and adapt to suit their surroundings. Effective
leaders need to be flexible, and must adapt themselves according to the situation. Effective
leadership rely on the ability of a manager to understand the situation and his/her environment,
including employees’ culture in order to achieve the company’s objective/goal, to keep the team
together and focus on the individuals and manage them for optimum team performance.
References
Blanchard, K.H. and Johnson, S. (1982), "The One Minute Manager". Berkley Books.
Blanchard, Kenneth H., Patricia Zigarmi, and Drea Zigarmi. Leadership and the One Minute
Manager: Increasing Effectiveness through Situational Leadership. New York: Morrow, 1985.
Print.
Fernandez, C. F., & Vecchio, R. P. (1997). "Situational leadership theory revisited: A test of an
across-jobs perspective". The Leadership Quarterly 8 (1): 67–84. doi:10.1016/S1048-
9843(97)90031-X.
Hersey, P. (1985). The situational leader. New York, NY: Warner Books. ISBN 978-0446513425
Hersey, P. and Blanchard, K. H. (1969). "Life cycle theory of leadership". Training and
Development Journal 23 (5): 26–34.
Journal of Applied Psychology 74 (4): 657–690. Aug 1989. "Motivation and cognitive abilities:
An integrative/aptitude-treatment interaction approach to skill acquisition.".