Group Members:

1. Phùng Hoàng Yến 1757010303

2. Hỷ Thúy Vân 1757010290
3. Trần Châu Kim Long 1757010148
4. Lê Thị Thu Trâm 1757010259

Topic: The bicycle - The future means of transportation

A. Introduction
Good morning everyone! My name is Hoang Yen. Today I will represent my
group to cover a presentation of students coming from “Posts &
Telecommunications Institute of Technology.” Our topic is “The bicycle - The
future means of transportation”. To help you understand clearly about this topic,
we will focus on three main points below:
1. The history of the bicycle
2. Bicycle in the future
3. The benefits of cycling to work
B. Body
_ First, let’s begin with part 1:”History of the bicycle”.
+ Look at the picture on the screen, we all recognize that bicycles have
been the means of transportation of many people around the world for a long
time. Actually, bicycles were said to have been invented in 1790 with the name
“Célérifère”. In English, it means “fast”. This bicycle was made of wood and
had no pedal or handle-bar. Nowadays, many technicians assumed that there
were no Célérifère bicycles in the past and all of the pictures of these bikes
were untrue because it can’t run in the real life.
+Until 1817, Drais - a German invented a bicycle named Draisence (mean
Drais’s bike). It was known as the ancestors of the bicycles which was
exhibited in Mannheim, 1817 and in Paris, 1818. However, the most
disadvantage and inconvenience of this bike was lack of pedals. That meant the
drivers had to use their legs to push the bike moving ahead.
+ In 1860s, the idea installing pedals in the front wheel belonged to Emest
and Pierre. The Velocipede bikes were made of wood and iron. Although
having pedals, it was still very hard to use because of the high seat as well as its
badly weight distribution.
 +In 1870s, this was the appearance of the high - wheeler bike. However, I
think it is not a good invention if….. (the next slide). You know what I mean!!!
+In 1885, the safety bike which was quite similar to our bikes nowadays
was manufactured by Starley & Sutton. Please pay attention to the description
of this bike on the screen: “Safer than any Tricycle, faster and easier than any
bicycle ever made. Fitted with handles to turn for convenience in storing or
shipping. Far and away the best hill - climber in the market.”
+ Now we will see some pictures of modern bicycles nowadays. Generally
speaking, the improvement of bicycle through many decades is very clear and
fast. Bicycles are now as attractive and luxurious as motorbikes.
_ I have just finished presenting the history of bicycle. Now we will move to
part 2: “Bicycle in the future”

+Look at this picture, what do we see? A beer standing on a small block of

ice. Means what? It means the ice is melting and the water level is getting
higher. It is the evidence that the Earth is becoming hotter and hotter due to the
greenhouse effect. What causes the green house effect? Is it pollution? And one
of the main factors leading to pollution is that people abuse using too many
vehicles run by oil, petrol, gases… and eliminate thousand tons of smoke every
day.
+The next picture, this is an overweight man next to a small bulldozer. The
contradict of the two subjects shows that man nowadays is very lazy in doing
exercises, they just depend on the automatic machines.
+ Another picture: Do you know PAC-MAN game? I think all of us used to
play it at least once when you were a child. Right? In the picture the front
wheel is drawn as a PAC-MAN which is eating cars and exhausted smoke. The
message of this picture is to encourage people reduce the use of cars or
motorbike but use bicycles more in the future - a friendly friend of our
environment instead. That can help to protect our environment from being
polluted.
The last station of our presentation today is to display the benefits of
cycling to work:
Finally, I will talk to you about the benefits of cycling to work. We will
mention about three main points here. The first one that is cycling to work can
help us become fitter, healthier and happier. Cycling on average burns as many
calories as jogging, with considerably fewer negative impacts on the joints.
Cycling improves cardio-vascular and aerobic fitness, lowers blood pressure,
boosts energy, builds muscle, and improves coordination. Also, cycling to work
makes you feel happier. While most people would not identify sitting in traffic,
navigating a congested city, or riding crowded public transit as activities that
calm them down or make them happy, cycling to work can actually transform
your daily commute into a moderate form of therapy. Numerous studies have
shown that daily exercise can reduce stress, alleviate symptoms of
depression, improve sleep patterns for individuals with insomnia, and reduce
anxiety. Furthermore, exercising outdoors – both in urban and rural contexts
– has been proven to boost self-confidence and improve overall mood. Next
move to the second point that is cycling can create more fresh air. A bicycle’s
life-cycle energy use including manufacturing and maintenance over a 15-year
period is 60 kilojoules per Passenger Mile Traveled, the life-cycle energy use
for a standard sedan clocks in at a whopping 4027 kilojoules/ PMT. That’s
some serious energy savings with a seriously simple change. The last one that
is cycling to work can reduce the costs. Biking to work saves you money. In
2015, the average American household is forecast to spend $1,962 on gasoline
and motor oil. Shockingly, that would be the lowest average fuel expenditure in
the US since 2009! Add on vehicle maintenance, the occasional repair,
insurance, and the skyrocketing cost of parking, and you have an average
yearly cost of $9,000 USD just to own a standard sedan in
America. Conversely, a brand new commuter bike retails at anywhere from
$250-$1,500 USD depending on the brand, style, and components you’re after,
with an average yearly maintenance cost of around $50 USD.
C. Conclusion:
_ In conclusion, we cannot deny that the environment is being polluted
seriously day by day. Therefore, we should raise our awareness and use
bicycles as our transportation in daily life.