LUBRICATION

IN
PERSPECTIVE
SALMIAH KASOLANG
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UITM
SEPTEMBER 2018
CONTEXT/FRAMEWORK

Lubrication in the light

of MOTION

MOTION as in
RUBBING between
interacting surfaces in
relative motion

www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/28766/what-is-
lubrication
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DEFINITION
Lubrication is the
act/process of
facilitating motion

Lubrication is the control

of friction and wear by the
introduction of a friction-
reducing film between
moving surfaces in
contact.

www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/28766/what-is-
lubrication 3
APPLICATION: ENGINE

ENGINE OILS

http://www.lubrita.com 4
APPLICATION:
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

carservicingandyou.com.au/automatic-transmissions
5
http://usciencecompendium.blogspot.com/
BEARINGS
Bearings are highly
engineered, precision-
made components that
enable machinery to move
at extremely high speeds
and carry remarkable loads
with ease and efficiency

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APPLICATION:
ROLLING ELEMENTS
BEARINGS

www.americanbearings.org/ http://evolution.skf.com 7
APPLICATION:
PLAIN BEARINGS

http://www.rajabearindo.co.id/cat-product/en/custom-made-
www.researchgate.net/publication/323348622 plain-sliding-bearings 8
APPLICATION:
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Hydraulics is mechanical function

that operates through the force of
liquid pressure. In hydraulics-
based systems, mechanical
movement is produced by
contained, pumped liquid, typically
through cylinders moving pistons.

https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/hydraulics 9
OTHER FUNCTIONS

• Reduce friction
• Prevent wear
?
?
?
?

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OTHER FUNCTIONS

• Reduce friction
• Prevent wear
• Transport debris
• Dissipate heat
• Protect the equipment from corrosion
• Control temperature (dissipate heat)
• Control contamination (carry
contaminants to a filter or sump)
• Transmit power (hydraulics)
• Provide a fluid seal

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PROPERTIES

VISCOSITY
POUR POINT FLASH POINT FIRE POINT
VISCOSITY INDEX
RESISTANCE TO FLOW TEMPEATURE AT WHICH A THE LOWEST TEMPERATURE THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH
LUBRICANT STARTS TO LOSE LUBRICANT MUST BE HEATED THE VAPOROUS LUBRICANT
ITS FLOW CHARACTERISTICS BEFORE IT STARTS TO VAPOR CONTINUES TO FIRE OR WHEN
RESISTANCE TO CHANGE IN AND WILL SPARK/IGNITE LUBRICANT COMBUSTION
TEMPERATURE WHEN MIX WITH AIR. SUSTAIN

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Steel Ball fall speed is inversely proportional to Oil Viscosity
Faster through less viscous oil; Slower through more viscous oil

http://www.synlube.com/viscosity.html 13
VISCOSITY AND
TEMPERATURE

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PERFORMANCE
BASE OIL
AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE API
DIFFEENT BASE OIL with different technical and
performance characteristics
Constitute 60-95% by weight
www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/29113/base-oil-groups
polyalphaolefins (PAOs)
ADDITIVES are added to fortify lubricantion
formulation.
Friction, high pressure, heat, the forces of
shearing, the effects of wear particles, chemical
and water dilution as well as corrosion.
Typical values, 0.5-2 percent by weight
VISCOSITY MODIFIERS are polymers specifically
formulated to help control the viscosity
(thickness) of a lubricant over a specified
temperature range and operating conditions.
ADDITIVE AND VISCOSITY
MODIFIER
www.lubrizoladditives360.com/
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 Absolute Viscosity
Fluid
(N s/m2, Pa s) (centipoise, cP) (10-4 lb/ft s)
VISCOSITY OF Acetic acid 0.001155 1.155 7.76

DIFFERENT FLUIDS Acetone

Alcohol, ethyl (ethanol)
0.000316
0.001095
0.316
1.095
2.12
7.36
Alcohol, methyl (methanol) 0.00056 0.56 3.76
Alcohol, propyl 0.00192 1.92 12.9
Benzene 0.000601 0.601 4.04
Blood 0.003 - 0.004
Bromine 0.00095 0.95 6.38
Carbon Disulfide 0.00036 0.36 2.42
Carbon Tetrachloride 0.00091 0.91 6.11
Castor Oil 0.650 650
Chloroform 0.00053 0.53 3.56
Decane 0.000859 0.859 5.77
Dodecane 0.00134 1.374 9.23
Ether 0.000223 0.223 1.50
Ethylene Glycol 0.0162 16.2 109
Trichlorofluoromethane refrigerant R-11 0.00042 0.42 2.82
Glycerine 0.950 950 6380
Heptane 0.000376 0.376 2.53
Hexane 0.000297 0.297 2.00
Kerosene 0.00164 1.64 11.0
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/absolute-viscosity- Linseed Oil 0.0331 33.1 222
liquids-d_1259.html Mercury 0.0015 1.53 10.3
Milk 0.003
Octane 0.00051 0.51 3.43
Phenol 0.0080 8.0 54
Propane 0.00011 0.11 0.74
Propylene 0.00009 0.09 0.60
Propylene glycol 0.042 42
Toluene 0.000550 0.550 3.70
Turpentine 0.001375 1.375 9.24
Water, Fresh 0.00089 0.89 6.0 9
VISCOSITY OF
DIFFERENT FLUIDS

https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-low-and-high-
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viscosity-fluids
TYPES OF LUBRICANTS

LIQUID GASEOUS SEMI LIQUID/SOLID SOLID

OIL AIR GREASES DRY LUBRICANTS

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 The global lubricants
market size was
valued at USD 118.89
billion in 2016.

https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-
analysis/lubricants-market
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LUBRICANT ADDITIVES MARKET WORTH $16.2 BILLION BY 2019

The report "Lubricant Additives Market by Function

Type (Dispersants, VII, Detergents, Antiwear,
Antioxidants, Corrosion inhibitors, Emulsifiers, &
Others), and Application (Automotive & Industrial
Lubricants) - Global Trends & Forecast to 2019" defines
and segments the lubricant additives market with an
analysis and forecast of the market volume and value. The
lubricant additives market value will grow to $16.2
billion by 2019, at a CAGR of 2.7% from 2014 to 2019.

www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/lubricant-
additives.asp
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THANK YOU
FLORA@CONTOSO.COM

HTTP://WWW.CONTOSO.COM/