OVERCOMING NERVOUSNESS DURING PRESENTATION

1. Reframe the questions you ask yourself. When you worry before a high-stakes
presentation, you may have a tendency to ask yourself negative questions, such as "What
will happen if I forget my material?" or "What if I mess up?" This form of self-talk is like
throwing gasoline in a room on fire. All it does is heightening your anxiety. Replace
these negative questions with positive ones. Take an inspiration from Seymour Signet, a
specialist in helping people overcome public speaking anxiety. He advises to ask yourself:
"What will happen if I knock it out of the park?" You can view more of Seymour's tips in
his video "Ask Yourself Good Questions." Give this a try; it will calm the noise in your
head.

2. Practice as if you're the worst. When you know your material well, there's a
tendency to get sloppy when practicing a speech: You might flip through the slides,
mentally thinking about what you are going to say, without actually rehearsing out loud
exactly what you plan to say. This results in a presentation that's not as sharp as it could
be and might cause you to be nervous once you have 100 pairs of eyes staring at you.
You can also forget some important sub-points and key sound bites.

3. Avoid this by practicing out loud and verbalizing your complete presentation. For
a high-stakes presentation, do this at least five times, at spaced intervals, to encode your
material in long-term memory. It's also crucial that you practice your transitions—the
words that link one idea in your presentation to the next. These are easy to forget if you
don't practice them and you end up with a staccato presentation. Transitions are the silken
thread that guides your listeners through your story. Some examples: "Now that we have
established ..."; "This leads us to ..."; "My next item is particularly crucial ..."

4. Memorize the sequence of your slides. Knowing the sequence of your slides so you
can anticipate and announce a slide makes you look in control. Nothing erodes your
credibility faster than having to look at a slide to know what you have to say next. Being
perceived as credible boosts your confidence and reduces your anxiety and the fear of
failing.

5. Create a backup slide for some answers. One reason people often experience anxiety
before a presentation is the fear that they'll be asked questions that might be difficult to
answer. Don't get caught off guard. Think carefully of what potential questions might
arise and rehearse your best answers. Go one step further by creating slides for some
potential questions about complex issues. You can include in your slide important
information, numbers, stats or even a pertinent graph or pie chart that would be helpful to
the audience. If such a question arises, it's quite okay to say, "I anticipated that you might
be asking this question. Let me display a slide that will clearly show ..."
6. Visualize your presentation. A study at Harvard University showed the value of
visualization in developing a skill: Two groups of volunteers were presented with a piece
of unfamiliar piano music. One group was given a keyboard and told to practice. The
other group was instructed to just read the music and imagine playing it. When their brain
activity was examined, both groups showed expansion in the motor cortex, even though
the second group had never touched a keyboard. Visualization is a powerful mental
rehearsal tool that peak sports performers use regularly. Einstein, who's credited with
saying that “imagination is more important than knowledge,” used visualization
throughout his entire life. Take advantage of this tool and visualize yourself successfully
delivering your presentation. Concentrate on all the positives of your presentation, and
visualize the talk, in detail, from your introduction to your conclusion.

7. Stop seeing your presentation as a performance. Instead, as Jerry Weissman puts it,
"treat every presentation as a series of person-to-person conversations." The more you
remind yourself of this, the more you can shift your focus away from the fear-inducing
thought that you are required to perform.

8. Take some deep breaths. This simple advice cannot be emphasized enough. When
you're nervous, you breathe rapidly and shallowly. This is telegraphing to the audience
that you're not confident. Slow and measured breathing is a sign that you're in control.
Before you go to the front of the room, concentrate on taking a few, slow breaths. Repeat
this a few times. When you start to speak, remember to pause and breathe after you make
a point. Psychiatrist Fritz Perls said it powerfully: "Fear is excitement without the
breath."

9. Try "power posing" before the presentation. Harvard Business School Professor
Amy Cuddy discovered that simply holding our body in an expansive pose for as little as
two minutes results in a higher level of testosterone in our body. Testosterone is the
hormone linked to power in both animals and humans. At the same time, the expansive
pose lowers our level of cortisol, the stress hormone. In her TED video presentation,
Cuddy shows a number of expansive poses, such as spreading your legs, placing your
hands on your hips, or striking the CEO pose: legs resting on desk, and arms behind your
head. You can apply this advice before a presentation to lower your stress level and give
yourself a boost. Instead of hunching over your notes or BlackBerry, find a spot where
you can have some privacy and adopt an expansive pose: Make yourself as big as you can
by stretching your arms out and spreading your legs, or stand on your tiptoes with your
hands in the air.

10. Pause frequently. In "The King’s Speech," a movie about the true story of King
 George VI, one of the successful strategies the speech therapist uses to help the king
overcome his stuttering is the use of pauses. Pausing helped the king regain his
composure whenever he was gripped by anxiety. When you feel anxious while presenting,
consider pausing more frequently. A few strategic pauses between points have a calming
effect.

11. Come to terms with audience expressions. Your anxiety level is increased when
you misinterpret the audience's facial expression. In normal conversation, we're
accustomed to getting feedback from the listener—a nod or a smile here and there that
signal approval. But when we present, audiences listen differently. They're more likely to
give the speaker a blank stare, which doesn't mean they don't like what they hear; more
often than not, it simply means they're concentrating on the message. This is especially
true of audience members who are introverted.

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 Know your topic. The better you understand what you're talking about — and the
more you care about the topic — the less likely you'll make a mistake or get off track.
And if you do get lost, you'll be able to recover quickly. Take some time to consider
what questions the audience may ask and have your responses ready.
 Get organized. Ahead of time, carefully plan out the information you want to present,
including any props, audio or visual aids you'll use. The more organized you are, the
less nervous you'll be. Use an outline on a small card to keep yourself on track. If
possible, take time to visit the place where you'll be speaking and review available
equipment before your presentation.
 Practice, and then practice some more. Practice your complete presentation several
times. Do it for a few people you're comfortable with. Ask them to give you feedback.
Or, record it with a video camera and watch it so that you can see opportunities for
improvement.
 Visualize your success. Imagine that your presentation will go well. Positive thoughts
can help decrease some of your negativity about your social performance and relieve
some anxiety.
 Do some deep breathing. This can be very calming. Take two or more deep, slow
breaths before you get up to the podium and during your speech.
 Focus on your material, not on your audience. People mainly pay attention to new
information — not how it's presented. They may not notice your nervousness. If
audience members do notice that you're nervous, they may root for you and want your
presentation to be a success.
 Don't be afraid of a moment of silence. If you lose track of what you're saying or you
begin to feel nervous and your mind goes blank, it can seem like you've stopped
talking for an eternity. But in reality, it's probably only a few seconds. Even if it's
longer, it's likely your audience won't mind a pause to consider what you've been
saying. This might be a good time to take a few slow, deep breaths.
 Recognize your success. After your speech or presentation, give yourself a pat on the
back. It may not have been perfect, but chances are you're far more critical of yourself
than your audience is. Everyone makes mistakes during speeches or presentations.
Look at any mistakes you made as an opportunity to improve your skills.
 Get support. Join a group that offers support for people who have difficulty with
public speaking. One effective resource is Toastmasters, a nonprofit organization with
local chapters that focuses on training people in speaking and leadership skills.