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Education System in Pakistan

Primary Education
In Pakistan, the education system adopted from colonial authorities has been described as
one of the most underdeveloped in the world. Barely 60% of children complete grades 1 to
5 at primary school, despite three years of play group, nursery and kindergarten pre-school
to prepare them.

Middle Education
Middle school follows with grades 6 to 8. Single-sex education is still preferred in rural
areas. Subjects include Urdu, English, arts, Islamic studies, maths, science, social studies,
and computer science where equipment is available.

Secondary Education
Senior school covers grades 9 to 12 with annual examinations. On completion of grade 10,
pupils may qualify for a secondary school certificate. If they wish to, they may proceed
further to grade 12, following which they sit a final examination for their higher secondary
school certificate. During this time, they opt for one of several streams that include pre-
medical, pre-engineering, humanities / social sciences and commerce.

Education System in Pakistan

(Dr Qaisar Abbas Janjua, Chiniot)

Education system in Pakistan is governed by Federal Educational Ministry and provincial

governments. It is mandatory in the Constitution of Pakistan to provide free and
compulsory education to all children between the ages of 5-16 years and promote adult
literacy.
The education system in Pakistan is generally divided into five levels:-
1) Primary (Grades one to Grade 5)
2) Middle (Grades six to Grade 8)
3) High (Grade Nine to Grade 10) Also known as Secondary
4) Intermediate (Grade eleven to 12) Also known as Higher Secondary
5) University (Undergraduate and Graduate degree)
(14 to 16 Years of Education)

1) Primary Level of Education

The standard national system of education is mainly inspired from the British
System. Pre-School education is designed for 3-5 years old and usually consists of
three stages (Play Group, Nursery and Kindergarten (KG)). After pre-school
education, students go through junior school from grade 1 to 5. Only 80% of
Pakistani children finish primary school education.

2) Middle Level of Education

After passing grade 5 Examination which is conducted by the Punjab Examination

Commission Lahore, students are promoted in to Middle Level ie grade 6 to 8. At
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middle level single-sex education is usually preferred by the community but co-
education is also common in urban cities of the Pakistan.

Subject Taught at Middle Level of Education:

At middle level of education the eight commonly examined subjects are Urdu,
English, Mathematics, Arts, Science, Social Studies, Islamiyat and sometime
Computer Studies. Some institutes also give instruction in foreign languages such
as Turkish, Arabic, Persian, French and Chinese. The language of instruction
depends on the nature of the institution itself, whether it is an English medium
school or an Urdu medium School.

3) High/Secondary Level of Education

After passing grade 8 Examination which is conducted by the Punjab Examination

Commission Lahore, Students are promoted to High/Secondary Level ie grade 9 to
10 which is also known Secondary School Certificate (SSC). Students are required
to pass a national examination administered by a regional Board of Intermediate &
Secondary Education (BISE). Upon successful completion of these two examination,
they are awarded a SSC Certificate. This locally known as “Matriculation”.

Subject Taught at Secondary Level of Education:

The curriculum usually includes a combination of eight courses including elective

subject such as (Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Computer) as well as compulsory
subject such as (Mathematics, English, Urdu, Islamiyat and Pakistan Studies).

Education in Pakistan is divided into five following levels:

 Primary (grades one through five)

 Middle (grades six through eight)
 High (grades nine and ten, leading to the Secondary School Certificate)
 Intermediate (grades here and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary School
Certificate)
 University programs leading to graduate (undergraduate) and advanced (post-
graduate) degrees.

Primary Education:
Formal education in Pakistan starts from around age 5. The first 5 years of
school are referred to as primary. Thereafter, the next 3 are referred to
as Middle and the 2 after as High school.
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Define Concept of Individual?

An individual is that which exists as a distinct entity. Individuality (or selfhood) is the state or
quality of being an individual; particularly of being a person separate from other people and
possessing their own needs or goals, rights and responsibilities.

Two Role of Teacher in Physical Development?

Teacher's Role beyond The Classroom. ... It is also important for teachers to model healthy
behaviors to students through their activities and food intake. If teachers, as well
as physical educators, do not put into practice what they teach; they will not have a strong
influence on their students.

Although it may be tempting to think that physical development is the concern of

physical education teachers only, it is actually a foundation for many academic tasks. In
first grade, for example, it is important to know whether children can successfully
manipulate a pencil. In later grades, it is important to know how long students can be
expected to sit still without discomfort—a real physical challenge. In all grades, it is
important to have a sense of students’ health needs related to their age or maturity, if
only to know who may become ill, and with what illness, and to know what physical
activities are reasonable and needed.

Difference Between Human

Growth & Development
Human growth is based on biological events that cause you to grow physically that
naturally occur during the early stages of your life. Developmental growth, however, is
the product of psychological and social growth, emphasized by environmental and
individual behavioral factors, sometimes more simply referred to as maturity. While both
of these natural processes are vastly different, both growth and development are closely
related steps in producing healthy adults.

Human Growth
From early childhood until adolesence, or sometimes early adulthood, growth plates on
the ends of long bones, called epiphyseal plates, allow bones to grow. This occurs
through osteoclasts and osteoblasts breaking up old bone tissue and rebuilding new
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bone. It only happens during early human growth and will stop after the epiphyseal
plates close. As bone grows, so does tissue and muscle throughout your body. While
bone growth ceases early in life, muscles will continue to grow through strength training.

Several psychology and sociology theorists have coined theories of human

development. One of the most widely taught theories is Erik Erikson's psychosocial
stages of development. Just as human growth takes place continually at different rates
for children and adolescents, developmental stages follow similar patterns. For
instance, children will grow throughout childhood, but one child may grow at a slower
rate than another.

Likewise, development will eventually take place in children and adolescents but these
stages may come at different rates for different children. A large difference between
physical growth and development, however, is that physical growth from bone largely
stops at some point. Adults will likely lose and gain weight through fat and muscle
growth and loss but will not grow taller after growth plates close. Development
continues throughout life, from childhood, adolescence and adulthood, until death.
Developmentally Challenged
According to Erikson's theory, successful completion of each stage of development is
necessary to move on to the next stage of life development. Unfortunately, if a stage of
development is never completed, that individual may not complete a healthy life-long
development.
For example, in early stages of life, a child learns competence sometime between the
ages of six and 12. If this child's competence is hindered for some reason, he may have
difficulty graduating to the next developmental stage, which is identity versus role
confusion. This adolescent could grow into adulthood feeling inferior and lacking
competence, which is often crucial for successful, healthy living.
Development Stages
Early life stages are based on the development of the sense of self. These stages
involve trusting others, self-control, shame, competence and self-faith. As a person
progresses from childhood to adulthood, each stage may last for a longer period. For
example, the first developmental stage of life, which involves trust and mistrust, lasts
from birth until approximately 1 year old. However, the fourth developmental stage of
competency and inferiority could last from age 6 to age 12.
Adulthood Stages
Stages six through eight of human development occur during adulthood. Each of these
three stages either occurs in early adulthood, mid-adulthood or late adulthood. Early
adulthood focuses on intimate relationships outside the family. During this time, you will
either commit to long-term relationships or avoid relationships and commitment. Mid-
adulthood concentrates on furthering your career and raising families. Late adulthood
centers on preparing for the end of life and either embracing this stage or living with
regret on the choices made throughout life.
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Physical, Cognitive &

Psychosocial Development

Human development is a lifelong process beginning before birth and

extending to death. At each moment in life, every human being is in a
state of personal evolution. Physical changes largely drive the process,
as our cognitive abilities advance and decline in response to the brain’s
growth in childhood and reduced function in old age. Psychosocial
development is also significantly influenced by physical growth, as our
changing body and brain, together with our environment, shape our
identity and our relationships with other people.
Physical Development
Although various scholars define physical development in slightly different ways, most
generally break the process down into eight stages that include infancy; early, mid and
late childhood; adolescence; early adulthood; middle age and old age. In recent years,
as people have lived longer, some have added "very old age" to this list. At each stage,
specific physical changes occur that affect the individual’s cognitive and psychosocial
development.
Cognitive Development
Cognitive development refers to the acquisition of the ability to reason and solve
problems. The main theory of cognitive development was developed by Jean Piaget, a
Swiss developmental psychologist. Piaget broke childhood cognitive development into
four stages spanning from birth through adolescence. A child who successfully passes
through the stages progresses from simple sensorimotor responses to the ability to
classify and create series of objects and eventually to engage in hypothetical and
deductive reasoning, according to "The New Dictionary of Scientific Biography."

Psychosocial Development
The primary theory of psychosocial development was created by Erik Erikson, a
German developmental psychologist. Erikson divided the process of psychological and
social development into eight stages that correspond to the stages of physical
development. At each stage, according to Erikson, the individual faces a psychological
conflict that must be resolved in order to progress developmentally. Moving from infancy
to old age, these conflicts are trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt,
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initiative versus guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus role diffusion, intimacy
versus isolation, generativity—that is, creativity and productivity—versus stagnation,
and ego integrity versus despair.