Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CERAGON FIBEAIR
COURSE HANDBOOK
Installation, Commissioning
& System Configuration
2010
Visit our Customer Training Portal at Training.Ceragon.Com
or contact us at training@ceragon.com
Trainee Name:
24/7 access to eLearning provides a first eLearning
constantly increasing tier of support to users of is proven to be less
on-line DB of the new technologies, intimidating than
latest information! resulting in an estimated Instructor led training.
30% reduction in support Concerns about making
costs related to mistakes in front of peers
implementation of new and management are
applications & business eliminated.
eLearning is a great processes.
complementary solution to
your classroom sessions as
some modules are only
available on-line
Ceragon eLearning
solutions can shorten the
Ceragon eLearning users enjoy amount of time it takes to
frequent & updated modules as get learners up to speed on
Ceragon Training Center is designed new features and products are
to help you get a comprehensive new products and
released without needing to processes.
understanding with Ceragon's update users’ account properties.
technology, products and network Users who need to "brush
solutions. up" on a process can
access a module instantly,
While individuals focus on particular practice, test themselves
modules, Managers on the other and resume their work.
hand can sign up their staff members
to a Learning Program with
compulsory items such as quizzes &
procedures.
• Want to find out more?
• Need an Account
Ceragon Training Comparison Table?
Knowledgebase is available to • Need a proposal?
your employees without • Case studies?
sacrificing additional room
space or time-consuming Please contact us at
lectures. training@ceragon.com
Ceragon Training Agenda
Product: IP-10
Duration: 3 days
DAY ONE
Introduction to 802.1:
Installation:
Commissioning:
Frequencies
TSL & RSL & MSE
ATPC
Management (In band / OOB)
Link ID
Local & Remote frequency change
DAY TWO
Single Pipe
Managed Mode
Metro Mode
Interface Configuration:
DAY THREE
Ceragon in a Nutshell
Products
Agenda
1. 1500R IDU
2. IP-MAX^2 IDU
3. IP-10 IDU
4. IP-10G IDU
5. Nodal Solutions
6. 3200T IDU
7. Outdoor units
8. Outdoor Enclosures
RFU (6-38GHz)
ADM/MSPP
N x STM-1/OC-3
XC
XC
Ceragon
FibeAir 1500R
Aggregation
Site PSN
ETH
IP/ETH
Provider
network
Cellular
traffic
(TDM)
IP/ETH
Provider
network
N x ETH
Cellular traffic
(TDM)
STM
Rings
SDH
SDH
RFUs
STM1/
OC3
STM1/ NG-SDH
OC3 MSPP BSC/MSC
FE/GE NG-SDH
MSPP Core
n x T1/E1
Site
FibeAir GE
Tail site IP-10 FibeAir
IP-10
GE
Hub
Site RNC
MPLS
MPLS Router
Router
Native2 - Is a technology for carrying both TDM and Ethernet traffic Natively
over the same microwave links with dynamic bandwidth allocation.
GE
WiMAX / 4G / LTE
Cellular site
WiMAX
STM-1 / OC-3
Ceragon Ceragon
Hub / Aggregation site
TDM
E1/T1
Ceragon’s Advantages
High Spectral-Efficiency
High System-Gain
Multi-Service Concentration capabilities
High Level of Redundancy
Adaptive Modulation
Pay-as-you-grow concept
High Spectral-Efficiency
(i.e. 256QAM modulation)
• Providing more capacity at any given frequency resources
• e.g. 18xE1 or 50Mbps @ 7MHz channel-bandwidth
Higher Spectral-Efficiency
What’s in it for The Operator?
Typical IP10
Microwave Radio Microwave Radio
High
HighSystem
SystemGain
Gain 1.80 m 30 km 128QAM STM-1/OC-3
Spectral Efficiency
should always be coupled with
System Gain
18 Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 FibeAir
We adjust to customers’
requirements
Thank You!
training@ceragon.com
Objectives
Agenda
Agenda
• What is VLAN?
• Types of connections
• 802.1P implementations
• Prioritization
• Filtering
• Provisioning
• Mapping (e.g. - ATM to/from ETH)
What is VLAN?
VLAN 1
Switch ports
VLAN 547
Advantages of VLAN
4 Bytes
8 Bytes 6 Bytes 6 Bytes 2 Bytes 46 - 1500 Bytes (32-bit
CRC)
4 Bytes
Tagging a Frame
• 2^12 = 4096
• VID 0 = reserved
• VID 4096 = reserved (every vendor may use some VIDs for internal purposes such as MNG etc.)
• VID 1 = default
• CFI is set to 0 for ETH frames, 1 for Token Ring to allow TR frames
over ETH backbones (some vendors may use CFI for internal purposes)
ARP 0x0806
Q-in-Q (CISCO) 0x8100
Q-in-Q (other vendors) 0x88A8
Q-in-Q (other vendors) 0x9100
Q-in-Q (other vendors) 0x9200
RARP 0x8035
It is important that you understand IP 0x0800
the meaning and usage of this IPv6 0x86DD
parameter
PPPoE 0x8863/0x8864
MPLS 0x8847/0x8848
VLAN types
Membership by Port
VID1
Port VID
1 1 VID1
2 1
3 44
4 200 VID 44
Membership by MAC
MAC VID
00:33:ef:38:01:23 1
00:01:de:22:42:ae 1
00:20:8f:40:15:ef 44
00:20:32:35:ea:11 200
VLAN types
Port Types
Device unaware of VLANs Switch tags the ingress frames with VID according to
transmits untagged specific Tagging mechanism
(regular) ETH frames
Switch un-tags frames with VID received from network
and delivers untagged frames to Access ports
Port Types
+
VLAN
aware Switch
CN PN
22
To match the priority level with the appropriate ATM service class and other parameters, the
switch then consults a mapping table with pre-defined settings.
P-Tag 6 CBR
P-Tag 4 VBR
P-Tag 0 UBR
Hub
GE
Site
FE/GE RNC
GE
STM1/
n x T1/E1
FibeAir OC3
Tail site IP-10 MPLS
IP-10 ATM Router
Router Core
Site BSC/MSC
Hub
GE
Site
FE/GE RNC
GE
STM1/
n x T1/E1
FibeAir OC3
STM1/
Tail site IP-10 OC3
MPLS
IP-10 MPLS Router
Router
Core
Site BSC/MSC
IEEE Recommendation
Ingress Number of Available Traffic Classes
The following table shows P-Tags
IEEE definition of traffic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
classes 0 (default) 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
• ETH – Ethernet
• NIC – Network Internet Card
• VID – Vlan ID
• VLAN – Virtual LAN
• P-TAG – Priority Tag, Priority Bits
• CFI – Canonical Format Indicator
• TPID – Tag Protocol Identifier
• FCS – Frame Check Sequence
• DA – Destination Address
• SA – Source Address
• QoS – Quality of Service
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
Agenda
• MSE – Definition
• Expected value
• The Error Histogram
• Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller differences
• Calculating MSE
• MSE in digital modulation
• Commissioning with MSE
• MSE and ACM
To simplify….
We took a few of parts and measured them to see how many can
fit in….
3
3
2
1
width
6cm 7cm 10cm 12cm 16cm
To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many parts
differ from the expected value
Quantity
Error = 0 cm
Error = + 2 cm
Error = - 3 cm
Error = + 6 cm
Error = - 4 cm
width
6cm 7cm 10cm 12cm 16cm
To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we measure how
much the errors differ from expected value
+ 2 cm = 4
-3 cm = 9
- 4 cm = 16 + 6 cm = 36
width
6cm 7cm 10cm 12cm 16cm
The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller
differences, resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:
16cm parts are 36 ”units” away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away
Calculating MSE
Quantity
Error = 0 cm
+ 2 cm = 4
-3 cm = 9
- 4 cm = 16 + 6 cm = 36
width
6cm 7cm 10cm 12cm 16cm
To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the
average:
The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes
Quantity Error = 0 cm
width
10cm
If all parts were perfectly produced than each error would be 0
I
Similarly to the previous
example, we can say that the
bigger the errors are – the
harder it becomes for the
11 10 receiver to detect & recover the
transmitted signal
Q
01 00 MSE would be the average
e1 errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4….
e2
I
When MSE is very small the
e4 actual signal is very close to
e3
the expected signal
11 10
Q
01 00 When MSE is too big, the
e1 actual signal (amplitude &
e2 phase) is too far from the
expected signal
I
e4
e3
11 10
For example –
256QAM has great capacity but
poor immune to noise
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
16
64 45%
96 29%
128 22%
256 11%
512 5%
nXT1/E1
?
99.99… %
Fewer Hops
11
Proprietary and Confidential
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
14
Introduction to IP-10
Agenda
IP-10 IP-10
Ethernet Ethernet
Radio Radio
User interface User interface
Interfaces Interface
Carrier Ethernet
Switch
Carrier Ethernet
Network
Carrier Ethernet
Network
UNI: User Network Interface, CE: Customer Equipment
• VLAN ID
• IPv4 DSCP/TOS, IPv6 TC W3
FibeAir IP-10
FibeAir
IP-10
Ring site
#2
FibeAir
IP-10
Ring site
#3
FibeAir IP-10
Tail site #3
FibeAir IP-10
Tail site #1
FibeAir
IP-10
Ring site
#1
FibeAir
IP-10
FibeAir IP-10 Packet or TDM
Wireless Fiber site #1 based fiber
Tail site #2
Carrier Ethernet aggregation
Ring Fiber site network
or leased lines
FibeAir
IP-10
Ring site
FibeAir
#2
IP-10 RNC
FibeAir
Fiber site #2
IP-10
Ring site
#3
FibeAir IP-10
Tail site #3
N x GE/FE N x GE/FE
Wireless
Carrier Ethernet
Ring
(up to 500Mbps)
Integrated Ethernet
Switching
FibeAir
IP-10
Wireless
Carrier Ethernet
Ring
N x GE/FE
Integrated Ethernet
Switching
Proprietary and Confidential
1+0 1+1
Packet or TDM
based fiber
aggregation
FibeAir IP-10 FibeAir IP-10 network
FibeAir IP-10 or leased lines
Tail site Agg. site Fiber site
SNMP
HTTP HTTP
CLI
Craft
HTTP
18
• IP-10 can optionally be managed through the traffic carrying radio and
Ethernet interfaces
• The in-band management support is based on a dedicated management
VLAN
• The management VLAN ID is user configurable
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
FibeAir® Family
RFUs Carrier Ethernet EMS & NMS
6-38 GHz IP-10 IP-MAX2 3200T PolyView (NMS)
RFU-C
Multi-Service
RFU-HP IP-10 IP-MAX2 640P
CeraView (EMS)
RFU-C
1500R IP-10
RFU-P, RFU-SP
RFU-HP
RFU-SP
IP-MAX/IP-MAX2 640P 1500P
1500R 1500R
IP-10 IP-10
1500P 1500R
IP-MAX/IP-MAX2 IP-10
1+0 direct
1+1 direct
1+0 remote
1+1 remote
training@ceragon.com
Thank You !
Agenda
• Unpacking
• Required Tools
• Installing the IDU in a rack
• Grounding
• Lightning Protection
• Connecting to a Power Supply
• IDU Front Panel
• Connecting RFU coax cable
• Interface Specification
• Protection Patch Panel
• Logging in, assigning IP address
Required Tools
• Philips screwdriver (for mounting the IDU to the rack and grounding
screw)
• Flathead small screwdriver (for PSU connector and to unlock the
IDC/IDMs from the chassis)
• Sharp cutting knife (for wire stripping)
• Crimping tool for ground cable lug crimping (optional: if alternative
grounding cable is used)
IDU dimensions:
D: 187.80 mm
W: 435 mm
H: 42.60 mm
Grounding
Lightning protection kit is installed upon request between IDU and ODU
• The power supply must have grounding points on the AC and DC sides
• The user power supply GND must be connected to the positive pole in the
IDU power supply.
-48 vdc 0
(-) (+)
PSU
(GND)
FE Copper FE Copper
External 10/100 RJ45 10/100 RJ45
Alarms Or Or
(DB9) Protection Wayside
Channel Channel
The Coax Cable that connects between the IDU and the RFU should
be terminated with N-type male connectors
Important! Make sure that the inner pin of the connector does not
exceed the edge of the connector.
Wavelength: 850 nm
Receptacle: MSA compliant SFP
Connector: LC
Max Segment Length: 220 m (1351 ft), 500 m (1650 ft)
Cable Type: For Max. Segment = 220 m: 62.5 µm MMF
For Max. Segment = 500 m: 50 µm MMF
Interface Specification
Wavelength: 1350 nm
Receptacle: MSA compliant SFP
Connector: LC
Max Segment Length: 550 m (1805 ft), 5000 m (16404 ft)
Cable Type: For Max. Segment = 550 m: 62.5 µm MMF
For Max. Segment = 5000 m: 10 µm SMF
Interface Specification
Optional 16xE1/T1
Interface Specification
(64Kbps)
• Asynchronous RS-232
• Asynchronous V-11
• Up to 9.6 Kbps
• 1.30vdc = -30dBm
• 1.45vdc = -45dBm
• 1.60vdc = -60dBm
• etc
LEDS
IP-10:/>
>cd management/networking/ip-address/
IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>
>
Note that the prompt has changed. Now, type get ip-address:
Now, let us set a new IP for the MNG (we assume your new IP is
192.168.1.144).
Editing Users -
IP-10:/> cd management/mng-services/users
IP-10:/management/mng-services/users>
IP-10:/> cd management/mng-services/cfg-service
IP-10:/management/mng-services/cfg-service>set-to-default
• Launch a WEB
browser with a URL set
as the IDU’s IP
35
FibeAir ® IP-10
EMS Performance Monitoring
Agenda
Faults:
• Current Alarms
• Event Log
PM & Counters:
• Remote Monitoring
• TDM Trails
• TDM interfaces
• Radio (RSL, TSL, MRMC and MSE)
• Radio TDM
• Radio ETH
EMS - General
Easy access – simply type the IP address of the IDU on your web page
Faults - CAS
• Probable cause
• Corrective Actions
PM – RMON
The system supports Ethernet statistics counters (RMON) display. The counters
are designed to support:
PM – Radio
• Scripts
• Bit rate
• Radio VCs
MSE analysis
RSL
-40
-50
-68
-99 T [sec]
10 5 10
PM – Radio - Aggregate
PM – Radio - MRMC
The information displayed in this page is derived from the license and script
assigned to the radio.
When ACM is enabled and active, as link quality degrades or improves, the
information is updated accordingly.
PM – Radio - MSE
The information displayed in this page is derived from the license and script
assigned to the radio. When link quality degrades or improves, the MSE reading
is updated accordingly. Differences of 3dB trigger ACM modulation changing.
PM – Ethernet
ETH Traffic + Threshold settings:
PM – Ethernet
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
19
FibeAir ® IP-10
EMS General Configuration
Agenda
Menu
Configure specific
information that may
assist you later
VDC reading
Celsius (metric) or
Fahrenheit (Imperial)
Versions
Versions
• The IDU running SW is displayed in the aidu line and currently it is 3.0.92
5 Inputs
1 Output
Equipment – Alarms related to: HW / FAN / RFU mute / Power Supply / Inventory.
All Groups.
The IDU has 3 ports for local management: Port 7, Port 6 and Port 5.
These parameters
allow you setting the
management capacity
and port properties
capacities
• Expected Status:
2. “Local” – if the NTP client is locked to the local element’s real-time clock
3. “NA” - if not synchronized with any clock (valid only when Admin is set to
Disable).
NTP Properties
NTP Properties
When using NTP with external protection 1+1, both “Active” and “Standby”
Time & Date are not copied from the “Active” unit to the “Standby” unit
(CQ19584)
When using NTP in a shelf configuration, all units in the shelf (including
standby main units) are automatically synchronized to the active main unit’s
clock.
IP Table
SNMP
• V1
• V3
• No security
• Authentication
• Authentication privacy
• SHA
• MD5
• No Authentication
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
26
FibeAir ® IP-10
EMS Switch Configuration
Agenda
2. Guidelines
Switch Modes
This application allows only single GbE interface as traffic interface (Optical
GbE-SFP or Electrical GbE - 10/100/1000).
Any traffic coming from any GbE interface will be sent directly to the radio and
vice versa.
Switch Modes
All Ethernet ports are allowed for traffic. Each traffic port can be configured to
be "access" port or "trunk" port:
Allowed Egress
Type VLANs Allowed Ingress Frames
Frames
Switch Modes
Guidelines
Single Pipe
Configuration
Untagged
VID 4 45
VID 51 IP-10 Switch
VID 100
Port 2 (RJ45)
No need to configure
VID membership
10 Proprietary and Confidential
Managed Mode
Configuration
IDU-B
IDU-A
Radios as Trunk by
default Port #2 as Trunk
Port #3 as Trunk
(VID 200, VID 300)
(VID 300)
Next steps:
1. Go to Interfaces page
2
1
4
15 Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10
Transmits and
receives
Transmits and Untagged PC
receives frames
Untagged PC
frames 192.168.1.200
192.168.1.100
IP-10
Trunk Port
Multiple L2
streams, each Traffic
identified with
unique VID Generator
Trunk Port
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
18
FibeAir ® IP-10
Trunk VS. Access
Agenda
2. Access Port
3. Trunk Port
5. General Guidelines
Access Port
• All frames that are received through this port are tagged with
default VLAN (VID + P bits)
• All frames that exit through this port towards customer devices are
untagged (VLAN is removed)
Access Port
L2 ETH SW
Tagging
Port #8
Port #1
Tagged frame
DA SA Type Payload FCS
Access Port –
Utagging frames towards customer interfacing ports
Untagging
Port #8
Port #1
Tagged frame
DA SA Type Payload FCS
• The switch can individually tag multiple Access ports with same VID or
unique VID
Tagging
Port #8
Port #1 Port #2
DA SA VLAN TAG = 10 Type Payload FCS
• To be able to transmit & receive multiple VLANs, the common port has to
be configured as a Trunk Port
Trunk Port
Port #8
Port #1 Port #2
DA SA VLAN TAG = 10 Type Payload FCS
Trunk Port
Port #8
Port #2
DA SA VLAN TAG = 10 Type Payload FCS
SA VLAN
DA Untagged TAG = 33
frames Type Payload FCS
10 Proprietary and Confidential
• A certain VLAN can be extracted out of a Trunk via Access port assigned
with specific VLAN membership (Default VID)
SA
DA Untagged VLAN TAG = 33
frames Type Payload FCS
General guidelines
• Access port can only receive untagged frames from customer device
• Access port can only transmit untagged frames towards customer device
2
1
3
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
14
FibeAir® IP-10
EMS Metro Switch Configuration
Agenda
2. Common Applications: CN – PN – PN – CN
3. Common Applications: CN – PN – PN – PN
5. CN Port Configuration
6. PN Port Configuration
Common Configurations: CN – PN – PN – CN
Provider-Facing Port (PN)
Common Configurations: CN – PN – PN – PN
Provider-Facing Port (PN)
CN Port Configuration
CN Port Configuration
1 3
4
5
PN Port Configuration
PN Port Configuration
1
3
1
6
5
10 Proprietary and Confidential
• 0x88A8
• 0x8100
• 0x9100
7 • 0x9200
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
12
FibeAir ® IP-10
EMS RSTP Configuration
Agenda
• Student Perquisites
• General Overview
• Limitations
• Switchover Criteria
• In Band Management
• Configuration Example
Student Perquisites
General Overview
Ceragon Networks ring solution enhances the RSTP algorithm for ring
topologies, accelerating the failure propagation relative to the regular
RSTP:
• Relations between Root and Designated bridges when ring is converged in the
first time is the same as defined in the standard RSTP. Ring-RSTP itself is
different than “classic” RSTP, as it exploits the topology of the ring, in order to
accelerate convergence.
• The ring is revertible. When the ring is set up, it is converged according to
RSTP definitions. When a failure appears (e.g. LOF is raised), the ring is
converged. When the failure is removed (e.g. LOF is cleared) the ring reverts
back to its original state, still maintaining service disruption limitations.
• RSTP PDUs coming from “Edge” ports are discarded (and not processed or
broadcasted).
4 Proprietary and Confidential
1. Node/Site Type A:
• The site is connected to the ring with one Radio interface (e.g. East) and one
Line interface (e.g. West).
• The site contains only one IP-10 IDU. The Radio interface towards one
direction (e.g. East), and one of the Gigabit (Copper or Optical) interfaces,
towards the second direction (e.g. West).
• Other line interfaces are in “edge” mode, meaning, they are user interfaces,
and are not part of the ring itself.
2. Node/Site Type B:
• The site is connected with Radios to both directions of the ring (e.g. East &
West).
• Site contains two IDUs. Each IDU support the Radio in one direction
• One IDU runs with the “Ring RSTP”, and the second
runs in “Single pipe” mode.
• Radio LOF
• Link ID mismatch.
• Line LOC
• “Single Pipe” nodes will be connected with external Ethernet cable to the
“Managed Switch” for management.
Configuration
Example
13 Proprietary and Confidential
3 4 5 6 7 3 4 5 6 7
Pipe (slot #2) Pipe (slot #3)
3 4 5 6 7 3 4 5 6 7
MNG (slot #1) Pipe (slot #2)
3 4 5 6 7
MNG (slot #1)
X Site #3
3 4 5 6 7
Pipe (slot #2)
3 4 5 6 7
MNG (slot #1)
3 4 5 6 7 3 4 5 6 7
Pipe (slot #2) Pipe (slot #3)
3 4 5 6 7 3 4 5 6 7
MNG (slot #1) Pipe (slot #2)
3 4 5 6 7
MNG (slot #1)
X Site #3
3 4 5 6 7
Pipe (slot #2)
3 4 5 6 7
MNG (slot #1)
• Configure Port 3 (& port 4 of site #2) of Main units as trunks members of VID 200
to transport the management packets
15 Proprietary and Confidential
3 4 5 6 7 3 4 5 6 7
Pipe (slot #2) Pipe (slot #3)
3 4 5 6 7 3 4 5 6 7
MNG (slot #1) Pipe (slot #2)
3 4 5 6 7
MNG (slot #1)
Site #3
3 4 5 6 7
Pipe (slot #2)
3 4 5 6 7
MNG (slot #1)
• Use the EMS to learn which switch is the Root Bridge and which ports are the Root Ports.
• Verify that the ring is set up properly (one Root)
• Identify the Edge Ports and Non-Edge ports in your scheme and make sure they are
configured the same in your setup
• Identify the Edge Ports and Non-Edge ports in your scheme and make sure they are
configured the same in your setup
• Disconnect a radio link and make sure PING to all Main units is maintained
• Restore connectivity.
• Disconnect a different radio link and make sure PING to all Main units is maintained
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
22
FibeAir ® IP-10
QoS Concept & Implementation
Agenda
• Introduction
• QoS in IP-10
Understanding QoS
GE
WiMAX / 4G / LTE
Cellular site
WiMAX
Ceragon Ceragon
Hub / Aggregation site
TDM
E1/T1
Fundamental Fact
Static
Dynamic WWW
WWW
Multimedia
emails
FTP
Who’s first?
6 Proprietary and Confidential
Static
Dynamic WWW
What is the BW requirement per service ? WWW
emails
What is the delay sensitivity of each service? FTP
• Delayed Voice is inacceptable…
• FTP can tolerate delays
Skype
Your 2nd assignment is grouping services into SLAs:
• Video & Multimedia – Low Services (Best Effort)
• FTP – Moderate Service
• Skype – Highest Service
QoS in IP-10
QoS Process
Q4 Q4
25
10 50
Q1 Q3
Q2
FE Max. 100Mbps
Rate
25 Discard
Max. Allowed
10 50 Rate
Pass
Actual
Customer
Traffic
Time
Using Queues
Every port of the L2 switch examines the ingress traffic and then it sorts it in a
buffer according to classification criteria
Q4 High
Q3
Q2
Q1 Low
Custom Queuing
Interface
Egress
Scheduling
Queuing
Scheduling (1)
Once the queues are filled with information, we need to empty them
Round-Robin:
Emptying cycle is fixed – all queues are treated equally
Q4 High
Q3
Q4 Q3
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Q2 Q1 Q2
Pro: no “queue starvation”
Q1 Low Con: no prioritization
Scheduling (2)
Weighted Round-Robin:
Emptying cycle is configurable – every queue can be given specific weight
Q4 High
Q4 Q4
Q3
Q3 Q4 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q4
Q1 Q3
Q2
Q2
Pro: no “queue starvation”
Q1 Low
Scheduling (3)
4th Strict Priority:
Q4 High
Q3 Q1 Q3
Q3 Q4 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q4
Q2 Q2
Pro: Optimized Prioritization
Q1 Low Con: “Queue starvation”
Scheduling (4)
All Strict Priority:
The switch will empty a queue as long as the higher queue is empty
Q4 High
Q3
Q3 Q4 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q4
Q2
Shaping
Bursts beyond a EIR (Excessive Information Rate) can be buffered and
retransmitted when capacity frees up, and only when shaping buffers are full
will packets be dropped.
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
19
FibeAir ® IP-10
EMS Basic QoS Configuration
Perquisites
• Introduction to Ethernet
• 802.1p/q
• QoS (Concept)
Agenda
• Process Review
• Basic Configurations
Process Review
25
10 50
Rate Limit
Queuing
Q4 Q4
Q1 Q3
Q2
Scheduling
Shaping
Basic Configurations
Frames with MAC that do not comply to the table will be classified by the 2nd &
3rd classifiers
19 Proprietary and Confidential
Frames with VID that do not comply to the table will be classified by the 3rd
classifier
24 Proprietary and Confidential
7. Egress Shaper
• Reducing the egress rate to a value between 64kbps and 1Mbps requires
setting it in steps of 64kbps
• Reducing the egress rate to a value between 1Mbps and 100Mbps requires
setting it in steps of 1Mbps
• Reducing the egress rate to a value between 100Mbps and 1Gbps requires
setting it in steps of 10Mbps
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
26
FibeAir ® IP-10
Advanced QoS Configuration
Agenda
• Queuing + Re-Map
• Can be used to guaranty certain Customer priorities are reserved for specific
purposes
P-Bit Service P-Bit* Service
0-2 Video 0-5 Best
3–4 Data Effort
L2 Switch
Customer (IP-10) Provider
network network
Ingress
Tagged
frame Queuing
Ingress Egress Egress
VID P-bit according VID P-bit
Rate Limit Scheduler Shaper
to classifier
Conditional Classification
Otherwise the switch will apply the Default Configuration (Queue number).
Otherwise the switch will apply the Default Configuration (Queue number).
As long as the ingress frames comply to the higher conditions, the system will
not check lower conditions (Classifiers)
If higher condition is not matched, the system will proceed to the lower
condition and so on…
Otherwise –
2nd criteria: VLAN ID
100 Highest
If ingress VID does not qualify (100 or 200)
100 or 200 100 Highest
then skip to - 100 Highest
100 Highest
200 Lowest
Audit VLAN P-bits Ingress
VID = ?
frames 3rd criteria: P-Tag
7 Highest
6
3
Different than 2
100 or 200
0 Lowest
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
13
FibeAir® IP-10
Commissioning the Radio Link
IP-10 IP-10
ATPC
Main Lobe
Side Lobe
In ATPC, each node builds a model for each of its neighbors, describing the
correlation between transmission power and link quality.
2. Set reference RSL (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)
3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)
5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. level
ATPC ON =
Reduced Power, cost & long-term maintenance
Monitored RSL: -60 dBm (before 53) Monitored RSL: -63 dBm (before 56)
In other words, when link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from 256QAM to
QPSK. However, Max. power will be limited to the value corresponding as Max. TX in 256QAM.
However, Max. power will increase to compensate for the signal degradation.
Signal Degradation
= Lower bit/symbol
Signal Degradation
= Lower bit/symbol
To better control the EIRP, users can select the required class (Power VS.
Spectrum):
• Class 2
• Class 4
• Class 5B
• Class 6A
• FCC
RFU-C should have version 2.01 (or higher) for proper functionality of
“Adaptive TX Power” feature.
The Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is the apparent power transmitted towards the
receiver assuming that the signal power is radiated equally in all directions
Configuration
Spectrum Mask
FQ spacing (gap) between channels
Monitored transmission power
Monitored received signal
Monitored Mean Square Error
Required value = zero
Enable / Disable
Min. target RSL (local)
Enable = no transmission
Value depends on MRMC settings
Encryption: must be identical on
both IDUs
Remote Un-Mute
Simplified scheme
Site A is
transmitting
Site B
Site A
18 Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Thresholds
Each profile is defined by modulation order (QAM) and coding rate, while these
parameters dictate profile’s capacity (bps).
When ACM script is activated, system “chooses” automatically which profile to use
according to the channel fading conditions.
MRMC
MAX. Capacity
(w/out compression)
Spectrum
Mask
ACM is on
Spectrum
Class Type
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
24
FibeAir ® IP-10
Configuring Interfaces
Agenda
• Ethernet Interfaces
• TDM Interfaces
• Auxiliary Channels
• Wayside Channel (Various Configurations)
• Switch Configuration
• Trunk VS. Access
• Metro Switch Configuration
• QoS Configuration
Supported PHYs:
• E1
• DS1
Dynamic allocation:
Radio bandwidth (which may vary in ACM) is automatically allocated in the
following order:
Auxiliary Interfaces
WSC Interface
• WSC interface is limited to 1628 bytes.
• 2.048Mbps (Wide) or 64Kbps (Narrow)
• Consumes BW from the total link BW
On both local & remote units, Wayside channel will be connected to management port
(using cross Ethernet cable).
One port for local management, and 2nd port that will be connected to Wayside port.
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
12
FibeAir ® IP-10
Automatic State Propagation
Agenda
• Introduction
• Interfacing IP-10 with external devices
• Configuration VS. Functionality
• Dead Lock Example
• ASP in Managed / Metro Mode
Introduction
The feature allows the user to configure which criteria will force GbE
port (or ports in case of “remote fault”) to be muted / shut down, in
order to allow the “network” find alternative paths.
Configuration
VS.
Functionality
TX RX
RX TX
TX RX LOC
RX TX
TX RX LOC
RX X TX
TX RX LOC
LOC
RX X TX
TX X RX LOC
LOC
RX X TX
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
15
FibeAir® IP-10
1+1 External Protection
Introduction
4 Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have identical License
6 Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have unique IP address per chassis
7 Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have the same Management settings
(Out of band / In-Band & VID)
8 Install 1st IDU
13 Connect ETH cross-cable between the protection ports of the two IDUs
(when units are not in a shelf)
14 Disconnect the MNG cables from both IDUs
16 Connect your MNG cable to the Y-Splitter cable and verify both IDUs can be
managed
17 Verify Active IDU shows Mate IP address
Note: The IDU, which is connected to the ODU fed by the lower attenuation
channel of the RF coupler, is the IDU that should be selected as "Active".
Note: The same procedure should be issued in the remote end, while installing
the radio.
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
Perquisites
• CFM: Why?
• Preliminary configuration
• Setup Review
• Configuration Flow
• Configuration Review
• Manual PING
• Manual Linktrace
• Automatic Linktrace
CFM: WHY ?
• By definition, L3 IP or L2 ETH are Connection-less networks
IN ? IN
Connection-Less Connection-Oriented
4 Proprietary and Confidential
• Such technologies are too expensive and sometimes not feasible for Mobile
Operators / Mobile Backhaul solutions
Connection-Oriented
5 Proprietary and Confidential
Preliminary Configuration
1. Make sure you define the required VLAN IDs in the Switch DB prior to OAM
configuration
4. Make sure IP-10 Interfaces are configured according to your Network Criteria
(Trunk / Port VID Membership ).
5. Every CFM interface (including Radio) must be aware of the required VIDs
(Port membership)
6. CFM requires physical connection, therefore – make sure your interfaces are
enabled on both sides (DCE and DTE)
Domain 1 Services:
D1S1:
MEP 1 to MEP 2, Level 3, VLAN 1000
1
D1S2:
MEP 3 to MEP 4, Level 3, VLAN 2000
3
4
Domain 2 Services:
D2S2: 5
MEP 5 to MEP 6, Level 2, VLAN 1000 6
MEP
MIP
7 Proprietary and Confidential
3 Assign MIPs
Creating MAIDs
Click on the Add button to add domains
(use the setup diagram as a reference)
1. Domain Name
2. Level (1 to 7)
3. Association Name
4. VLAN ID
Domains defined…
You should see the following status on your MAID list page (on both IDUs):
If you point your cursor to the “No MEPs” indication LED, you will be notified that MEPs
need to created as well
Defining MEPs
Port #3
MEP ID: 1
Port #3
MEP ID: 2
As you can see, CCM enables auto-learning, hence – both MEPs discover each other
(MAC and remote MEP ID are now known)
New alarms indicate that process of creating the remote MEP is not fully complete
Port #3
Local MEP ID: 1
Remote MEP: 2
Port #3
Local MEP ID: 2
Remote MEP: 1
MEP1
MEP 3
MEP 4
MEP 2
MEP 3 to MEP 4
Level 3
VLAN 2000
MEP 3
MEP 4
MEP 3
MEP 4
MEP 3
MEP 4
MEP 3
MEP 4
“D2S2”
5
6
Local MEP 5
Remote MEP 6
Local MEP 6
Remote MEP 5
Please make a note of the Radio MAC address of each IDU – we shall need it later
00:0A:25:56:27:AC 00:0A:25:56:27:C6
00:0A:25:56:27:C2
Manual Linktrace
To trace an interface , you will need to set the following parameters:
Automatic Linktrace
To enable Auto Linktrace – select the checkbox next to the target Remote MEP
and then click “ADD SELECTED”
Thank You !
training.ceragon.com
44
FibeAir ® IP-10
Loopback Maintenance
Agenda
RFU RF Loopback
RFU RF LB
RFU RF Loopback
Use it to verify communication from Line to ODU is OK (including ODU)
IF Loopback
IDU IF LB
IF Loopback
Use it to verify communication from Line to IF cable is OK
Tester
Before you leave the site, make sure that these registers are elapsed (zero)\
When one of these registers is different than 0 – you need to report to your
support representative
In such case, perform the Loopbacks we have just covered to narrow down the probable
causes for the errors
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
13
FibeAir ® IP-10
EMS Backup Maintenance
Agenda
1. Configuration File
2. Unit Information File
3. FTP Server
Configuration File
The Configuration file stores the following parameters:
• License
• External Alarms
• SNMP Trap Destination
• NTP Server Properties
• Radio properties: Frequency, RSL, TSL, ATPC, etc.
• Switch Mode and database: Port types, VLAN membership, etc.
• Interface Configuration: PDH, TDM, Ethernet Switch
•Trail Configurations
• Service OAM
• Security: user accounts, login properties, etc.
Uploading or Downloading the CFG & Unit files requires an FTP Server
You may assign a remote server to host the configuration and unit files
Examples for
SW packages
Examples for
CFG & Unit
Files
2
8 Proprietary and Confidential
Upload /
Download
Next step:
Click “Upload Archive” to allow
the IP-10 transferring the zipped
file to your server
(Configuration Files)
1 2
Please note – if the file does not exist in the root directory action will fail !
1 2
17 Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
19
FibeAir ® IP-10
EMS Security Configuration
Agenda
• SSH
• HTTPS
• SFTP
• Password
Security Configuration
Update first FTP connection
HTTPS
In order to manage the system using HTTPS protocol, user should
follow the following steps:
The status of the download operation can be monitored. The returned status
values are: “ready”, “in-progress”, “success”, “failed”.
To apply the new certificate, the WEB server should be restarted (“Admin”
privilege). WEB server will be automatically restarted when it is configured to
HTTPS.
HTTPS - Activation
Note:
This parameter is NOT copied when “copy to mate” operation is initiated,
for security reasons (unsecured unit should not be able to override security
parameters of secured unit).
• Configuration upload/download,
• Upload the unit info.
• Upload public key.
• Download certificate files.
• SW download
USERS,
GROUPS
&
PASSWORD
Proprietary and Confidential
Adding Users
Adding Users
Adding Users
Changing Password
A valid password should be a mix of upper and lower case letters, digits, and other
characters.
You can use an 8 character long password with characters from at least 3 of these 4
classes. An upper case letter that begins the password and a digit that ends it do not
count towards the number of character classes used.
Changing Password
Good example:
L00pBack – using capital letters, small letters and digits (zeros instead of “O”)
Bad example:
Loopback – missing digits or other characters
Thank You !
training@ceragon.com
17
License
Management
Guide
Registered TradeMarks
Ceragon Networks® is a registered trademark of Ceragon Networks Ltd.
FibeAir® is a registered trademark of Ceragon Networks Ltd.
CeraView® is a registered trademark of Ceragon Networks Ltd.
Other names mentioned in this publication are owned by their respective holders.
TradeMarks
CeraMapTM, PolyViewTM, EncryptAirTM, ConfigAirTM, CeraMonTM, EtherAirTM, and MicroWave
FiberTM, are trademarks of Ceragon Networks Ltd.
Other names mentioned in this publication are owned by their respective holders.
Statement of Conditions
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Ceragon Networks Ltd. shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damage in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this
document or equipment supplied with it.
Information to User
Any changes or modifications of equipment not expressly approved by the manufacturer
could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment and the warranty for such equipment.
Copyright © 2008 by Ceragon Networks Ltd. All rights reserved.
General .......................................................................................................... 1
Settings ............................................................................................................... 23
Getting Started
To start the management application:
2. To log in to the system, enter your user name and password, and then click Login.
Note the following user name rules:
Ceragon
FibeAir® IP-10 License Management Training Handbook - Page 245
System 1
For Demo OEM, the first five digits must be 00001. The next four digits after the first five should
be numbered starting with 0001 for end users. For example, the number 000010001 would mean
that Demo OEM end user 0001 is entering the system.
For users other than Demo OEM, the user name must start with 00000. For example, the number
000000001 would mean that non-Demo OEM user 0001 is entering the system.
3a. If you enter as an OEM user, the following web page appears:
3b. If you enter as a non-OEM user the following web page appears:
Note that a channel or OEM user can also enter as one of their customers. In this case, the system
identifies the user as a channel/OEM user and will display a drop-down list to enable entry under the
user's name. This will be done to allow operations for devices that the user sent to his/her customers.
When you select an item within a group, the relevant web page will open with the details concerning that
item.
At the top of the web page for the item, a line appears with buttons that you can click to perform a particular
operation.
From within an item web page, you do not have to return to the main web page. Instead, use the tabs at the
top (Devices, Licenses, etc.) to obtain a list of items for the particluar group.
Note that in any web page, you can click Print to send the contents of the page to the printer.
Device List
The list includes all the devices you purchased from Ceragon.
In this page, you can assign the current ID to an end user, using the drop-down list in the Assign to
Customer field.
In the main device list web page, you can click Search to locate a particular device that is
registered in the system.
Select the criteria (filters) you want for the search, and then click Search.
To clear the criteria you selected, click Clear.
In the toolbar, click Import to import a list of devices from an external source.
You will be prompted to locate the file with the device list. Once you locate and select the file, click Import.
The device list file must be a text file with the following columns:
Region /
Device ID Customer Country Link Side
Network
To delete a device, select the device in the list, and click Delete .
The list will be saved in an Excel file with the extension csv (Comma Separated Values).
Generating Keys
To generate license keys for one or more devices, select the devices in the main list by marking the
checkboxes beside them, and click Generate Keys .
In this web page, only the devices you selected will appear.
Capacity Upgrade
License Name in License
Value Description
Type Management Site
3 0 IP10-CAP-010 Feature disabled
3 1 IP10-CAP-025 Radio Cap. Upgrade 10->25 Mbps
3 2 IP10-CAP-050 Radio Cap. Upgrade 10->50 Mbps
3 3 IP10-CAP-100 Radio Cap. Upgrade 10->100 Mbps
3 4 IP10-CAP-150 Radio Cap. Upgrade 10->150 Mbps
3 5 IP10-CAP-200 Radio Cap Upgrade 10->200 Mbps
3 6 IP10-CAP-300 Radio Cap Upgrade 10->300 Mbps
3 7 IP10-CAP-400 Radio Cap Upgrade 10->400 Mbps
3 8 IP10-UPG-025-050 Radio Cap. Upgrade 25->50 Mbps
3 9 IP10-UPG-025-100 Radio Cap. Upgrade 25->100 Mbps
3 10 IP10-UPG-025-150 Radio Cap. Upgrade 25->150 Mbps
3 11 IP10-UPG-025-200 Radio Cap. Upgrade 25->200 Mbps
3 12 IP10-UPG-025-300 Radio Cap Upgrade 25->300 Mbps
3 13 IP10-UPG-025-400 Radio Cap Upgrade 25->400 Mbps
3 14 IP10-UPG-050-100 Radio Cap. Upgrade 50->100 Mbps
3 15 IP10-UPG-050-150 Radio Cap. Upgrade 50->150 Mbps
3 16 IP10-UPG-050-200 Radio Cap. Upgrade 50->200 Mbps
3 17 IP10-UPG-050-300 Radio Cap Upgrade 50->300 Mbps
3 18 IP10-UPG-050-400 Radio Cap Upgrade 50->400 Mbps
3 19 IP10-UPG-100-150 Radio Cap. Upgrade 100->150 Mbps
3 20 IP10-UPG-100-200 Radio Cap. Upgrade 100->200 Mbps
3 21 IP10-UPG-100-300 Radio Cap Upgrade 100->300 Mbps
3 22 IP10-UPG-100-400 Radio Cap Upgrade 100->400 Mbps
3 23 IP10-UPG-150-200 Radio Cap. Upgrade 150->200 Mbps
3 24 IP10-UPG-150-300 Radio Cap Upgrade 150->300 Mbps
3 25 IP10-UPG-150-400 Radio Cap Upgrade 150->400 Mbps
3 26 IP10-UPG-200-300 Radio Cap Upgrade 200->300 Mbps
3 27 IP10-UPG-200-400 Radio Cap Upgrade 200->400 Mbps
3 28 IP10-UPG-300-400 Radio Cap Upgrade 300->400 Mbps
To add a license for which you want to generate a key, select the license in the All Relevant Licenses area
and click Add to add it to the Selected Licenses area.
Important! You can only select one license from each category (ACM, Networking, Capacity Upgrade). If
you select a capacity upgrade license and want to add a different capacity upgrade license, you must first
remove the first capacity upgrade license and then add the other one.
Once you select the licenses you want, click Generate Keys.
After you confirm your selection, the following example web page appears.
For OEM users, you can assign devices to other users by selecting Assign Devices to a Customer in the
main web page Devices group. Or, you can click Assign to Customer at the top of the
page.
In the Select Customer field, use the drop-down list to choose the customer you want to assign the devices
to.
Click Show Available Devices for a list of devices you can choose from.
In the available list of devices, click Filter & Sort to customize the device list, as shown in the following
example page.
After you click Go to generate the list, in the Available Devices list, select the devices you want to assign to
the user, and click Add to add them to the Assigned Devices list.
The device list page will appear with the updated information.
The web page displays all the licenses you currently own.
To search for a particular license, click Search, specify the criteria you want, and click Search again.
Click the number in the Qty Assigned column for a list of licenses assigned to customers.
To add a license for which you want to generate a key, select the license in the All Available Licenses area
and click Add to add it to the Selected Licenses area.
Click Show Relevant Devices for a list of devices associated with the licenses you chose.
Once you select the devices you want, click Generate Keys.
The keys will be generated, as shown in the following example page, and the database will be updated.
For OEM users, you can assign licences to other users by selecting Assign Licenses to a Customer. Or, you
can click the Assign to Customer button at the top of the page.
In the Select Customer field, use the drop-down list to choose the customer you want to assign the licenses
to.
Click Show Available Licenses for a list of licenses you can choose from.
For License Code, click the drop-down list and choose the license specifications.
For Quantity to Assign, enter the amount of licenses you want to assign to that customer. The maximum
quantity is limited to the available quantity for the license you choose.
After you complete the filter options, click Add to add the licenses to the Assigned Licenses list. You can
repeat this procedure more than once to add other license types.
For Quantity to Return, enter the amount of unused licenses you would like to return (if relevant).
A page will appear informing you that the operation was successful, and the main license list will be updated
with the information.
Managing Users
Select the Manage Users item to define users and modify their properties. You can also access this item by
clicking the Settings tab at the top of the page (if it appears).
To delete one or more users, in the user list, mark the checkboxes beside the users you want to delete, and
click Delete . Confirm your choice(s) in the page that appears and the users will be deleted.
In the main Settings page, select the My Profile item to modify your personal information.
The same page appears as that for a new user. Modify the information as desired and click Save.
To generate a report, select Orders Report or Devices & Activations Report in the main web page, or click
the Reports tab at the top of the page (if it appears).
For Order No., you can select All or Between. If you select Between, specify the range of order numbers
you want to include in the report.
For Order Date, you can select All or Between. If you select Between, you will need to specify the range of
dates you want to include in the report.
In the Include field, you can select All for all types of orders, Closed orders only, or Open orders only.
When you are done selecting the report criteria, click Create Report.
For Devices, you can select All or Between. If you select Between, specify the range of device IDs you want
to include in the report.
For Activation Date, you can select All or Between. If you select Between, specify the range of activation
dates you want to include in the report.
When you are done selecting the report criteria, click Create Report.