A

PROJECT SYNOPSIS
ON
“HYDRAULIC PRESS”

(Mechanical Engineering)
Session 2018-19

Submitted by:

Under the Guidance of:

INTRODUCTION

A hydraulic Press is a jack that uses a liquid to push against a piston. This is based
on Pascal’s Principle. The principle states that pressure in a closed container is the same at
all points. If there are two cylinders connected, applying force to the smaller cylinder will
result in the same amount of pressure in the larger cylinder. However, since the larger
cylinder has more area, the resulting force will be greater. In other words, an increase in
area leads to an increase in force. The greater the difference in size between the two
cylinders, the greater the increase in the force will be. A hydraulic lift operates based on this
two cylinder system.

Hydraulic Press have six main parts. These are the reservoir, pump, check valve, main
cylinder, piston, and release valve. The reservoir holds hydraulic fluid. A pump will draw
the fluid up and then create pressure on the down stroke as it pushes the fluid through the
check valve. This valve allows the fluid to leave the reservoir and enter the main cylinder.
In the main cylinder, the piston is forced up as the cylinder is filled with the fluid. When it is
time to release the pressure and allow the piston to return to its starting position, the release
valve is opened. This allows the fluid to return to the reservoir.

A Hydraulic Press is a mechanical device used a as a lifting device to press heavy

loads or to apply great forces. A mechanical Lift employs a screw thread for lifting heavy
equipment. A Hydraulic Elevator uses hydraulic power. In Hydraulic Elevator the most
common form is a car jack, floor jack or garage jack, which lifts vehicles so that
maintenance can be performed. Jacks are usually rated for a maximum lifting capacity (for
example, 1.5 tons or 3 tons). Industrial jacks can be rated for many tons of loads.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Hydraulics is a branch of engineering concerned mainly with moving liquids. The term is
applied commonly to the study of the mechanical properties of water, other liquids, and
even gases when the effects of compressibility are small. Hydraulics can be divided into
two areas, hydrostatics and hydrokinetics. Pascal’s law states that when a confined fluid
is placed under pressure, the pressure is transmitted equally in all directions and directed
normal on all faces of the container.

Hydraulics has proven to be the most efficient and economical system adaptable to
aviation. First used by the ancient Greeks as a means of elevating the stages of their
amphitheatres, the principles of hydraulics were explained scientifically by the
seventeenth century scholars Pascal and Boyle. The laws discovered by these two men
regarding the effects of pressure and temperature on fluids and gases in confined areas
form the basis of the principle of mechanical advantage; in other words, the "why and
how" of hydraulics.

The word "hydraulic" is derived from two Greek words: "hydro" meaning liquid or water
and "aulos" meaning pipe or tubing. "Hydraulic," therefore, is an adjective implying that
the word it modifies is in some major way concerned with liquids. Examples can be found
in the everyday usage of "hydraulic" in connection with familiar items such as automobile
jacks and brakes. As a further example, the phrase "hydraulic freight elevator" refers to an
elevator ascending and descending on a column of liquid instead of using cables and a
drum. On the other hand, the word "hydraulics" is the generic name of a subject. According
to the dictionary "hydraulics" is defined as a branch of science that deals with practical
applications (such as the transmission of energy or the effects of flow) of a liquid in
motion.
How Hydraulics Work

A Hydraulic Press is a device that uses force or press to lift objects, The primary
mechanism with which force is applied varies, depending on the specific type of jack, but is
typically a screw thread or a hydraulic cylinder. Jacks can be categorized based on the type
of force they employ: mechanical or hydraulic. Mechanical jacks, such as car jacks and
house jacks, lift heavy equipment and are rated based on lifting capacity (for example, the
number of tons they can lift). Hydraulic jacks tend to be stronger and can lift heavier loads
higher, and include bottle jacks and floor jacks.
Material Handling Equipments:

The common type of material handling equipment used in stores is as follows:

 Trolleys
 Fork-Lift trucks
 Hoists
 Monorail
 Belt conveyor
 Roller conveyor
 Crane

A well designed materials handling system attempts to achieve the following:

(i) Improve efficiency of a production system by ensuring the right quantity of materials
delivered at the right place at the right time most economically.

(ii) Cut down indirect labour cost.

(iii) Reduce damage of materials during storage and movement.

(iv) Maximise space utilization by proper storage of materials and thereby reduce storage
and handling cost.

(v) Minimise accident during materials handling.

(vi) Reduce overall cost by improving materials handling.

(vii) Improve customer services by supplying materials in a manner convenient for

handlings.

(viii) Increase efficiency and saleability of plant and equipment with integral materials
handling features. The selection of the material handling equipment depends upon the size,
shape and weight of the items, the location of the item in the stores, etc

HYDRAULIC SCISSOR-LIFT TABLES

These are used for loading and unloading heavy materials like tools, die, etc. These are also
used as goods lift for transporting of goods and raw materials from ground level to finish
first floor level. They are driven by electric-operated power-pack.

Advantages:

1. Heavy materials like compressors can be easily transported.

2. Human labour can be reduced as the machine handles heavy materials and tools such

as internal parts of air conditioners.

3. A single machine can do the work which otherwise would need many workers to

handle the materials manually.

4. Lifts are designed for uniform distributed loads from 500 kg to 12000 kg (0.5T TO

12 T).

5. As per customer specification with / with out roller table & hand rails.

6. Lift travel/stroke: up to 2000 mm.

7. Single/double acting cylinders, with built in hose burst safety valve at rear end port

of each cylinder. The internal bore is honed & Piston rod is ground, hard chrome

plated with good quality seals

8. Electro hydraulic power pack is specially designed meet the required speed of lift

and load. Hand operated pump can be supplied for smaller capacity & trolley

mounted scissor lifts.

 9. Complete electrical control panel with multiple options to your requirements.

10. Hose burst valve is integral part of the lift cylinders, followed by electrical limit

switches & mechanical stopper.

Flaws in operations:

1. It is an costly material handling equipment.

2. It requires more electricity.

3. It can deliver the goods only at a particular point of the floor thus restricting the

mobility.

4. Batteries do wear out and they are costly to replace.

5. Hydraulic hoses can deteriorate or have loose fittings resulting in fluid leakage

problems.

6. Electronic controls can be at the end of their useful life and need replacing.
 ADVANTAGES:

 Full Tonnage Throughout the Stroke – Hydraulic presses can generate full pressing force
anywhere in the stroke, unlike mechanical presses which can only develop full force near the
bottom of the stroke. This allows you to control a multitude of job parameters including travel
distance, pressure, and return position. It’s this programming flexibility that yields a hydraulic
press’ greatest advantage.
 Customization – The principles of hydraulic force inherently allow for creative engineering. Due
to the programmability of the hydraulic system, a hydraulic press can meet your specific
requirements whether they are simple or complex. With hydraulics, the possibilities are endless!
 Flexibility – Hydraulic Presses can be designed for traditional down-acting, up-acting, side-acting
and multi-action operation. Power systems can be placed above, below, or adjacent to the press.
Large bed presses can be designed for low tonnage applications, and small bed presses can be
designed for high tonnage requirements.
 Compact Footprint – Since hydraulic systems can generate high pressure over a small surface
area, hydraulic presses consume almost 50% less floor space than mechanical presses.
 Economical Maintenance & Service Costs – The simplicity of a hydraulic system and its
standardized components make hydraulic presses more cost-effective than their mechanical
counterparts. The vital components in mechanical presses, such as crankshafts, flywheels, and
clutch/brake systems, are expensive to replace and often require custom manufacturing.
 Lower Tooling Costs/Longer Tool Life – Hydraulic press tooling is developed to fit the
application, not the press. By incorporating hydraulic relief valves into the hydraulic circuits, a
press’ force cannot exceed the pressure that it is allowed to build. This overload protection
reduces stress on tooling and extends tool life.

DISADVANTAGES:

 It is a costly material handling equipment.

 It requires electricity.
 It Required Maintenance.
CONCLUSION

The project carried out by us will make an impressing mark in the field of small scale
industries. It is very usefully for the workshops to carry out the punching operations
easily on our machine. This project has also reduced the cost involved in the concern. The
project has been designed to perform the required task taking minimum time.

We have estimated the capacity of the hydraulic punching machine. From the analysis we
found that the machine will be capable to perform the operation on the aluminum sheet to
produce the punched product or for mass production of washers. This machine can be
used for multipurpose punching at a single time of stoke of ram/plunger. As a
modification and extension of the project, a motor along with a flywheel can be attached
to automate the machine in order to increase the throughput time and reduce the cycle
time of the machine according to desire.

We have seen how the Hydraulic systems allow users to accurately wield large amounts
of power with little input force. So we can say that a portable hydraulic system using
leverages is quite economical as compare to the other alternative.
REFERENCE Research

papers:-

1. Design and Fabrication of Auto Roll Punching Machine by Kundan Kumar

ISSN (Online) : 2319-8753

2. Improvement in design of the manual small press machine by vivek Sharma

ISSN : 2278 – 0149

3. Hydraulically controlled punching machine by h.schmid

4. Hydraulic punching machine by f.j cloup

5. The research of new type hydraulic breaker with strike enegy and frequency of
adjusted by gouping yang & yubao chen